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Kegawat-daruratan
Henti Jantung
DISUSUN OLEH
NS Irvantri Aji Jaya . M.Kep. Sp.Kep.M.B
Topik Presentasi
Update CPR 2020 by American
Heart Association
CPR In Prehospital
Post Cardiac Arrest Care
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life
Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,
Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Chain of survival AHA 2015 AHA 2020
New
Basic Life Support Algoritme
Danger
Response
Shout For Help
Circulation
Airway
Breathing
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reaffirmed
unresponsesi
ve
Breathing
and pulse
30:2 x 5
cycle
Call for help and
AED
Pulse
:breathing 5-6
sec ???
No pulse :
CPR
Reaffirmed
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life
Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,
Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
2020
Reaffirmed
New
Reaffirmed
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020
American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
Reaffirmed
2020
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life
Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,
Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
2020
2015
Reaffirmed
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life
Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,
Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Jaw thrust : C-spine injury
Reaffirmed
2020
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life
Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,
Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
New
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support:
2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages:
S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Intravenous Acces
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support:
2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages:
S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
New
The ALS TOR rule recommends TOR
when all of the following criteria apply
before moving to the ambulance for
transport: (1) arrest was not
witnessed; (2) no bystander CPR was
provided; (3) no ROSC after full ALS
care in the field; and (4) no AED
shocks were delivered.
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support:
2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages:
S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reaffirmed
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support:
2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages:
S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Ismail Fahmi, Ners
AHA GUIDELINES ON
EMERGENCY CARDIAC
CARE FOR PATIENTS
WITH SUSPECTED OR
CONFIRMED COVID-19
Study by Shi et al in 416 patients of whom 57 died,
cardiac injury was a common finding (19.7%). In the
patients who died, 10.6% had coronary artery disease
(CAD), 4.1% had HF, and 5.3% had cerebrovascular
disease.15 Moreover, in multivariable adjusted models,
cardiac injury was significantly and independently
associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.26)
American College Of Cardiology, 2020
Case fatality rates for comorbid
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
ESC,2020
M.W. Merx. Circulation. Sepsis and the Heart, Volume: 116, Issue: 7,
Pages: 793-802, DOI: (10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678359)
Nursing Diagnose
1.Low Cardiac Output
2.Low miocard perfussion
3.Low renal perfussion
4.Electrolit Imbalance
5.Impaired Gas Exchange
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR RESUSCITATION
IN SUSPECTED AND CONFIRMED COVID-19
PATIENTS
1
9
1.Penolong kurangi paparan
terhadap COVID-19
2.Prioritaskan oxygenation dan
ventilation strategies dengan
lower aerosolization risk
3.Pertimbangkan kelayakan
memulai dan melanjutkan
resusitasi
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
1.a. Out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest (OHCA);
Lay rescuers
Rescuers in the community are unlikely to have access to
adequate PPE and are at increased risk of exposure to
COVID-19 during CPR. However, when the cardiac arrest
occurs at home lay rescuers are likely to already have been
exposed to COVID-19
N Engl JMed2020; 382:1708-1720.DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
CARES: CardiacArrestRegistry to Enhance Survival.2018 Annual Report.
26
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Lay Rescuer
Chest
Compressions for
Adults
CARES:CardiacArrestRegistry to Enhance Survival.2018 Annual Report. 27
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Updates to BLS Healthcare
Provider Adult Cardiac Arrest
Algorithm for Suspected or
Confirmed COVID-19 Patients
•Semua penolong WAJIB
menggunakan PPE.
•Batasi personel didalam
ruangan atau ditempat
kejadian.
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Updates to BLS Healthcare
Provider Adult Cardiac Arrest
Algorithm for Suspected or
Confirmed COVID-19 Patients
•Jika tidak ada nadi tapi ada
nafas gunakan BVM dengan
HEPA filter dan sudah terkunci
rapat
•Pertimbangkan pemberian
passive oxygenation dengan
nonrebreathing face mask
sebagai alternative BVM
dalam waktu singkat
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Hepafilter
© 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
Post Cardiac Arrest Care
Anoxic Brain Injury
Post cardiac arrest
Myocardial dysfunction
Systemic
ischaemia/reperfusion
response
Persistent precipitating
pathology
Post Cardiac arrest
syndrome
Fase henti jantung
Fase elektrik (0-5 menit) --> fase 5 menit awal saat
mulai terjadi impuls elektrik tidak normal dan
menyebabkan aritmia dari kontraksi otot jantung.
Fase sirkulasi (5-10 menit) --> fase dimana mulai
terlihat akibat dari ketidakcukupan jantung dalam
memenuhi kebutuhan darah seluruh tubuh.
Dengan kata lain terjadi hipoksia jaringan.
Fase metabolic (> 10 menit) --> ini merupakan fase
yang kurang difahami. Namun pada fase ini mulai
diproduksinya toksin akibat sel-sel yang
mengalami hipoksia dan toksis tersebut beredar
mengikuti aliran darah (EMS, 2008).
Airway and
ventilation
Circulation
Prognostication Disability
Management of
post cardiac
arrest syndrome
Airway and ventilation
• Intubasi trakea
• Pemberian sedasi
• Ventilasi yang terkontrol
• Normocarbia ( 35-45 )
• Oksigenisasi arteri 94 %-98%
Circulation
Trombolisis / PCI
Fluid /
diuretik/Vasodilator/inotropik
Norepineprine
Target MAP To urine ouput
Pertahankan kadar klaium 4-
4.5 mmoll/l
Disabiity
Kontrol kejang
Prevent
Shivering
Hipotermia
teraupetik
selama 24 jam
Hindari
hipertermia
pada 72 jam
pertama
Pertahankan
kadar gula
darah normal
European Protocol
Cooling Techniques
– Used cool air
blanket
– Initiated almost 2
hours after (ROSC)
– Target temperature
attained 8 hours
later
HACA study group, NEJM, 2002
HACA Results
Hypothermia Normothermia
FAVORABLE
OUTCOME
75/136 (55%) 54/137 (39%)
DEATH 56/137 (41%) 76/138 (55%)
HACA Study Group NEJM 2002;346:549-56
Terapi Hypotermi
Terapi hiponatremia adalah upaya
menurunan suhu inti tubuh dengan tujuan
melindungi otak dari kerusakan neurologi
paska henti jantung.
Pedoman CPR dan perawatan emergensi
AHA 2020 merekomendasikan terapi
hipotermia pada pasien yang tidak sadar
namun telah timbul sirkulasi spontan
paska VF atau henti jantung.
What should Nurses Do?
Sebelumnya Informed Concern
Pantau ketat tanda-tanda vital, irama
jantung.
Monitor adanya menggigil.
Monitor hasil elektrolit, gula darah, faktor
koagulasi.
Monitor adanya tanda paralisis ileus.
Monitor status neurologis pasien.
Monitor adanya kejang pada saat fase
penghangatan.
Cara Pemberian
Proses Pendinginan dimulai dengan
pemberian cairan Isotonik (NaCl 0,9 %
atau RL) sebanyak 30 cc/kg.
Penempatan ice pack pada aksila,
selangkangan, sekitar leher.
Pemberian selimut yang dingin.
Suhu tubuh pasien dimonitor secara
kontinyu melalui kateter arteri pulmonal
atau esofagus.
Tidak disarankan memantau suhu melalui
oral atau axila tidak akurat.
Komplikasi yang mungkin
timbul
Resiko perdarahan (setiap penurunan 1
derajat Celcius terjadi penurunan faktor
pembekuan).
Disritmia (penurunan HR terjadi pada suhu
di bawah 35,5 derajat Celcius)
Peningkatatan resistensi vaskular sistemik
(akibat vasokontriksi).
SIRS (Systemic Inflamation Response
Syndrome).
Prognostication
Prearrest
• Umur
• Co morbidities
arrest
• Waktu dari arrest sd di CPR
• Lamanya CPR
• Monitor Ritme
• Nilai EtCo2 yang rendah
Post arrest
• Pemeriksaan klinis
• EEG
• Somatosensory
• Biomarker Neurologi
• Hasil radiologi
TERIMAH KASIH

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Kegawatdarurat Henti Jantung oleh Irvantri Aji Jaya.ppt

  • 1. Kegawat-daruratan Henti Jantung DISUSUN OLEH NS Irvantri Aji Jaya . M.Kep. Sp.Kep.M.B
  • 2. Topik Presentasi Update CPR 2020 by American Heart Association CPR In Prehospital Post Cardiac Arrest Care
  • 3. Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. Chain of survival AHA 2015 AHA 2020 New
  • 4. Basic Life Support Algoritme Danger Response Shout For Help Circulation Airway Breathing © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. Reaffirmed
  • 5. unresponsesi ve Breathing and pulse 30:2 x 5 cycle Call for help and AED Pulse :breathing 5-6 sec ??? No pulse : CPR Reaffirmed © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 6. Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. 2020 Reaffirmed
  • 7. New Reaffirmed Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
  • 8. Reaffirmed 2020 Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 9. 2020 2015 Reaffirmed Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 10. Jaw thrust : C-spine injury
  • 11. Reaffirmed 2020 Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 12. New Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 13. Intravenous Acces Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. New
  • 14. The ALS TOR rule recommends TOR when all of the following criteria apply before moving to the ambulance for transport: (1) arrest was not witnessed; (2) no bystander CPR was provided; (3) no ROSC after full ALS care in the field; and (4) no AED shocks were delivered. Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 15. Reaffirmed Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI: (10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916) © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 16. Ismail Fahmi, Ners AHA GUIDELINES ON EMERGENCY CARDIAC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED OR CONFIRMED COVID-19
  • 17. Study by Shi et al in 416 patients of whom 57 died, cardiac injury was a common finding (19.7%). In the patients who died, 10.6% had coronary artery disease (CAD), 4.1% had HF, and 5.3% had cerebrovascular disease.15 Moreover, in multivariable adjusted models, cardiac injury was significantly and independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.26) American College Of Cardiology, 2020 Case fatality rates for comorbid © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 18. ESC,2020 M.W. Merx. Circulation. Sepsis and the Heart, Volume: 116, Issue: 7, Pages: 793-802, DOI: (10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678359) Nursing Diagnose 1.Low Cardiac Output 2.Low miocard perfussion 3.Low renal perfussion 4.Electrolit Imbalance 5.Impaired Gas Exchange © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 19. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR RESUSCITATION IN SUSPECTED AND CONFIRMED COVID-19 PATIENTS 1 9 1.Penolong kurangi paparan terhadap COVID-19 2.Prioritaskan oxygenation dan ventilation strategies dengan lower aerosolization risk 3.Pertimbangkan kelayakan memulai dan melanjutkan resusitasi © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 20. 1.a. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); Lay rescuers Rescuers in the community are unlikely to have access to adequate PPE and are at increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 during CPR. However, when the cardiac arrest occurs at home lay rescuers are likely to already have been exposed to COVID-19 N Engl JMed2020; 382:1708-1720.DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032 CARES: CardiacArrestRegistry to Enhance Survival.2018 Annual Report. 26 © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc. © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 21. Lay Rescuer Chest Compressions for Adults CARES:CardiacArrestRegistry to Enhance Survival.2018 Annual Report. 27 © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 22. Updates to BLS Healthcare Provider Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm for Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients •Semua penolong WAJIB menggunakan PPE. •Batasi personel didalam ruangan atau ditempat kejadian. © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 23. Updates to BLS Healthcare Provider Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm for Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients •Jika tidak ada nadi tapi ada nafas gunakan BVM dengan HEPA filter dan sudah terkunci rapat •Pertimbangkan pemberian passive oxygenation dengan nonrebreathing face mask sebagai alternative BVM dalam waktu singkat © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 24. Hepafilter © 2020 American Heart Association, Inc.
  • 25. Post Cardiac Arrest Care Anoxic Brain Injury Post cardiac arrest Myocardial dysfunction Systemic ischaemia/reperfusion response Persistent precipitating pathology Post Cardiac arrest syndrome
  • 26. Fase henti jantung Fase elektrik (0-5 menit) --> fase 5 menit awal saat mulai terjadi impuls elektrik tidak normal dan menyebabkan aritmia dari kontraksi otot jantung. Fase sirkulasi (5-10 menit) --> fase dimana mulai terlihat akibat dari ketidakcukupan jantung dalam memenuhi kebutuhan darah seluruh tubuh. Dengan kata lain terjadi hipoksia jaringan. Fase metabolic (> 10 menit) --> ini merupakan fase yang kurang difahami. Namun pada fase ini mulai diproduksinya toksin akibat sel-sel yang mengalami hipoksia dan toksis tersebut beredar mengikuti aliran darah (EMS, 2008).
  • 27.
  • 29. Airway and ventilation • Intubasi trakea • Pemberian sedasi • Ventilasi yang terkontrol • Normocarbia ( 35-45 ) • Oksigenisasi arteri 94 %-98%
  • 30. Circulation Trombolisis / PCI Fluid / diuretik/Vasodilator/inotropik Norepineprine Target MAP To urine ouput Pertahankan kadar klaium 4- 4.5 mmoll/l
  • 31. Disabiity Kontrol kejang Prevent Shivering Hipotermia teraupetik selama 24 jam Hindari hipertermia pada 72 jam pertama Pertahankan kadar gula darah normal
  • 32.
  • 33. European Protocol Cooling Techniques – Used cool air blanket – Initiated almost 2 hours after (ROSC) – Target temperature attained 8 hours later HACA study group, NEJM, 2002
  • 34. HACA Results Hypothermia Normothermia FAVORABLE OUTCOME 75/136 (55%) 54/137 (39%) DEATH 56/137 (41%) 76/138 (55%) HACA Study Group NEJM 2002;346:549-56
  • 35. Terapi Hypotermi Terapi hiponatremia adalah upaya menurunan suhu inti tubuh dengan tujuan melindungi otak dari kerusakan neurologi paska henti jantung. Pedoman CPR dan perawatan emergensi AHA 2020 merekomendasikan terapi hipotermia pada pasien yang tidak sadar namun telah timbul sirkulasi spontan paska VF atau henti jantung.
  • 36. What should Nurses Do? Sebelumnya Informed Concern Pantau ketat tanda-tanda vital, irama jantung. Monitor adanya menggigil. Monitor hasil elektrolit, gula darah, faktor koagulasi. Monitor adanya tanda paralisis ileus. Monitor status neurologis pasien. Monitor adanya kejang pada saat fase penghangatan.
  • 37. Cara Pemberian Proses Pendinginan dimulai dengan pemberian cairan Isotonik (NaCl 0,9 % atau RL) sebanyak 30 cc/kg. Penempatan ice pack pada aksila, selangkangan, sekitar leher. Pemberian selimut yang dingin. Suhu tubuh pasien dimonitor secara kontinyu melalui kateter arteri pulmonal atau esofagus. Tidak disarankan memantau suhu melalui oral atau axila tidak akurat.
  • 38. Komplikasi yang mungkin timbul Resiko perdarahan (setiap penurunan 1 derajat Celcius terjadi penurunan faktor pembekuan). Disritmia (penurunan HR terjadi pada suhu di bawah 35,5 derajat Celcius) Peningkatatan resistensi vaskular sistemik (akibat vasokontriksi). SIRS (Systemic Inflamation Response Syndrome).
  • 39. Prognostication Prearrest • Umur • Co morbidities arrest • Waktu dari arrest sd di CPR • Lamanya CPR • Monitor Ritme • Nilai EtCo2 yang rendah Post arrest • Pemeriksaan klinis • EEG • Somatosensory • Biomarker Neurologi • Hasil radiologi