Question 1.2 Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of either an individual or a group, regardless of the reason, in an effort to achieve goals and in a given situation. Some leadership definitions incorporate an interaction among people and the process of influencing. In addition, Leadership can be taught and learned. Everyone possesses basic leadership skills but may not have specific skills needed to lead a particular group, department or organization. Leadership is a way of thinking about oneself and the role played in certain scenario. The leaders innovate and conquer the context of a situation and cope with change. Leadership is built through a good communication, experiences, positive interactions, challenges and stories that make connections with others. To ensure this happens a leader must ask him or herself a few questions such as, am I being consistent? do I encourage good communication? do I focus on team building with my staff. Asking this questions is essential to ensure that leadership is developing effectively. Moreover, a leader combines administrative, financial, operational skills and clinical, to solve problems in the care environment so it can result in a cost-effective care in a way that satisfying for every team member. Effectiveness is a key outcome of leadership efforts in health care. It has been suggested that there is a shortage of leader and a crisis of leadership in nursing. Nurses are challenges to respond with leadership and can be best respond by demonstrating vision, innovativeness, adapting to changes, seeking new tools, and dealing with a new health care environment, and leading the way with client-centered strategies (Joseph, 2015; Joseph et al., 2016). Effective leadership are change agents and promote innovation. Innovation is seen as a viable mechanism to address care delivery complexity. As a new nurse, one of the skills that has helped me throughout my career is being fearless. When the opportunity of becoming a leading charge nurse at Psychiatric mental health unit that was offered to me, it was the experience I was concerned about and not the fit. It was a new territory and a great opportunity for me to develop the necessary skills to grow as a leader. This leadership position was vitally important not only to my professional development but also aid me in the promotion to a next career level. Question 1.4 Looking more into the matter, we need to address a basic question: What is leadership? People who study leadership have struggles with this question for many decades and have written articles about the nature of leadership. Truth is that despite the many definition or concepts many people are accurately reflection in what is to be a leader. “Leadership as a trait” A trait is a distinguishing quality of an individual, which is often inherited. Stating that leadership as a trait means that each particular person brings to the table certain amount of qualitie ...

1. Question 1.2
Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of either an
individual or a group, regardless of the reason, in an effort to
achieve goals and in a given situation. Some leadership
definitions incorporate an interaction among people and the
process of influencing. In addition, Leadership can be taught
and learned. Everyone possesses basic leadership skills but
may not have specific skills needed to lead a particular group,
department or organization. Leadership is a way of thinking
about oneself and the role played in certain scenario. The
leaders innovate and conquer the context of a situation and cope
with change. Leadership is built through a good communication,
experiences, positive interactions, challenges and stories that
make connections with others. To ensure this happens a leader
must ask him or herself a few questions such as, am I being
consistent? do I encourage good communication? do I focus on
team building with my staff. Asking this questions is essential
to ensure that leadership is developing effectively.
Moreover, a leader combines administrative, financial,
operational skills and clinical, to solve problems in the care
environment so it can result in a cost-effective care in a way
that satisfying for every team member. Effectiveness is a key
outcome of leadership efforts in health care. It has been
suggested that there is a shortage of leader and a crisis of
leadership in nursing. Nurses are challenges to respond with
leadership and can be best respond by demonstrating vision,
innovativeness, adapting to changes, seeking new tools, and
dealing with a new health care environment, and leading the
way with client-centered strategies (Joseph, 2015; Joseph et al.,
2016). Effective leadership are change agents and promote
innovation. Innovation is seen as a viable mechanism to address
care delivery complexity.

2. As a new nurse, one of the skills that has helped me throughout
my career is being fearless. When the opportunity of becoming
a leading charge nurse at Psychiatric mental health unit that was
offered to me, it was the experience I was concerned about and
not the fit. It was a new territory and a great opportunity for me
to develop the necessary skills to grow as a leader. This
leadership position was vitally important not only to my
professional development but also aid me in the promotion to a
next career level.
Question 1.4
Looking more into the matter, we need to address a basic
question: What is leadership? People who study leadership have
struggles with this question for many decades and have written
articles about the nature of leadership. Truth is that despite the
many definition or concepts many people are accurately
reflection in what is to be a leader.

3. “Leadership as a trait”
A trait is a distinguishing quality of an individual, which is
often inherited. Stating that leadership as a trait means that each
particular person brings to the table certain amount of qualities
that affect the way he or she leads. Although there might be
some truth to this argument, it can also be argued that all of us
are born with a wide array of unique traits that impact the image
of leadership. Effective leadership results when the leader
engages the right traits in the right place at the right time.
“Leadership is an ability”
Leadership is seen as an ability. An individual that has a
leadership ability is able to be a leader. In this role, some
people have the natural ability to lead while others develop
their leadership abilities through hard work and practice. Also,
when a person possesses a leadership ability, he or she is very
comfortable in taking a leadership role. This ability centers
purely on their comfort as being a leader not their style or
degree of effectiveness as a leader.
“Leadership is a skill”
Leadership is a competency developed to accomplish a task
effectively. Skilled leaders are competent individuals who know
the mean and methods for carrying out responsibilities.
Describing leadership as a skill makes leadership available to
everyone because skills are competencies that people can
develop through leaning without the natural ability. Viewed as a
skill, leadership can be studied and learned. If the individual is
capable of learning from experience, they can acquire
leadership.
“Leadership is a behavior”

4. Behavior is what leaders do when they are in a leadership role.
The big picture is concerned with how leaders act toward others
in a different situation. Unlike the previous mentioned,
behaviors are observable. There are two types of behaviors, the
one that get the job done effectively and the one that help
people feel comfortable with other group members. Since
leadership requires both behaviors, that challenge for leaders is
to know the best way to combine them in their effort to reach a
goal.
“Leadership is a relationship”
Leadership and relationship go by the hand. From this
perspective, leadership is centered on the communication
between leaders and followers rather than on the unique
qualities of the leader. A leader affects and is affected by
followers. This approach emphasizes that leadership is not a
linear one-way event, but rather interactive. Thinking of
leadership as a relationship suggest that leaders must include
followers and their interests in the process of the role. Also,
through relationship, increases the possibility that leaders and
followers will work together toward a common good.
“Leadership is an Influence Process”
Leadership as an influence process means that it is not a trait or
an ability that resides in the leader, but rather an interactive
event that occurs between the leader and the follower. Stressing
common goals gives leadership an ethical dimension because it
lessens the possibility that leaders might act toward followers in
ways that use coercion or are unethical. In addition, leadership
is a process where an individual is influences a group or more

5. individuals to achieve a common goal.
Stating the different styles of leadership, I find myself with a
leadership skill. Viewed as a skill, leadership it can be learned
and taught. As a leader, there are fundamental skills that need to
be used effectively in order to achieve better results such as,
communication, decision making capabilities, delegations,
trustworthy among others. Effective leaders are essential to any
organization. They can help build strong teams within an
organization and ensure projects, initiatives or other work
functions to be performed successfully.
Often, when changes occur in body systems, the body reacts
with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory
mechanisms, such as adaptive responses, might be signs and
symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In the clinical
setting, you use these responses, along with other patient
factors, to lead you to a diagnosis.
Consider the following scenarios:
Scenario 1:
Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who presents with her mother.
Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a
temperature” for the last 3 days. Mom says that Jennifer is
usually healthy and has no significant medical history. She was
in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when she
started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not
sit still for her favorite television cartoon. Since then she has
had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and today’s
high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when
the fever went up to 103.2oF today, she felt that she should
come in for evaluation. A physical examination reveals a height
and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely
unwell. Her skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are
slightly reddened on the periphery, but otherwise normal in

6. appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and
diffuse exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable
and clearly tender to touch on the left side. The child indicates
that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital
signs reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per
minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute.
Scenario 2:
Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and
irritation of his hands. He reports that he has never had a
problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed that
both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any
discomfort, stating that sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,”
but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand why they
are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and
he should get some steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies
and no significant medical history except for recurrent ear
infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known
exposure to irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a
newspaper building and admits that he often works with
abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective
gloves, but lately they seem to be in short supply so sometimes
he does not use them. He has exposed his hands to some of
these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always
washed his hands when he was finished.
Scenario 3:
Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently retired from her
job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her
medical history is significant for hypertension, which has been
controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide. She reports that
lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally
feels like she has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her
appetite. She emphasizes that she is not hungry like she used to
be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her
life is that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few
years ago. Mom had always been healthy, but she fell down a
flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult

7. one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and
needs to rely on her daughter for assistance with activities of
daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed
about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her
mother. Mom wakes up early in the morning, likes to bathe
every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has
to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a
“blessing” that Martha is sleeping and eating less. She is
worried about her own health though and wants to know why, at
her age, she suddenly needs less sleep.
To Prepare
· Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the
Huether and McCance text.
· Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in
each of the three scenarios, including their associated
alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations.
· select one of the disorders you identified from the scenarios.
Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind
map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology,
pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and
diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to
alterations.
To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page paper excluding the title page, reference
page and Mind Map that addresses the following:
· For each of the three scenarios explain the pathophysiology,
associated alterations and the patients’ adaptive responses to the
alterations caused by the disease processes. You are required to
discuss all three scenarios within the paper component of this
assignment.
· Construct one mind map on a selected disorder presented in
one of the scenarios. Your Mind Map must include the
epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical
presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any
adaptive responses to alterations.