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強みが弱みになる
~レナードの
コア・リジディティ論
東洋学園大学 現代経営学部
赤尾充哉
コア・ケイパビリティとコア・リジディティ
• ドロシー・レナード
–企業の強みであるはずの
コア・ケイパビリティが、
企業の弱みである
コア・リジディティに
変異する現象を指摘 (1995年)
• コア・ケイパビリティ
–企業の中核的な組織能力
–時間をかけて築かれる
–簡単には模倣されない
–持続的な競争優位をもたらす
• コア・リジディティ
–強みであるはずのコア・ケイパビリティが変異して、企業に
硬直性をもたらすようになること
–企業外部の新しいものに
目を向けられなくなる
–いままでうまくいっていたことに、
過剰に力を入れてしまう
コア・リジディティに変異する理由
1. 経済学的理由:
–新しい方針に移行すると、
• 現行の製品ラインを食いつぶす
(カニバリゼーション)
• 現行の知識やスキルを無価値なものにする
(サンクコスト)
2. 政治学的理由:
–新しい方針に移行すると、
自分の権力・地位を失うことになる
3. 行動学的理由:
–現行の知識を拡大する慣習に影響される
行動学的理由の詳細
1. 過去から築き上げられてきた
組織ルーティンの影響を受ける
2. 古いプロセスで高業績を上げていると、
それ以外の優れたプロセスを
不適切とみなしてしまう
3. 新しいことを試してみようという
実験がしづらくなる
4. 外部の知識を取り入れるのに失敗する
←・新しい技術を正しく評価できない
・特定の顧客層に耳を傾けすぎる
コア・リジディティに陥らないために
1. 問題解決のアプローチは、
個人個人のバックグラウンドや選好に
よって違う
→ 異なる個性を混合して、
互いにぶつけ合うことによって、
創造的な知識構築活動を刺激する
創造的摩擦
2. 新しいシステムの開発には、
システムのユーザーを関与させる
3. 実験によって「前向きな失敗」を
することを奨励し、
失敗から学ぶ学習プロセスを確立する
4. 外部の知識を積極的に導入する
– 自社に足りない知識を把握
– 必要な知識がどこにあるかを特定
– 外部の知識へのアクセス方法を確保
– 技術の橋渡し役になる従業員を
特定・活用
– 外部の技術を拒絶する組織文化を打破
5. 新製品の開発には、
開発者自身が直接、製品ユーザーと
コミュニケーションをとって、
ユーザーと一緒に製品コンセプトを
作り上げる
共感的手法の
市場調査

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