Discovery-Led Decision-Making
Ben Shenoy
11th October 2018
How do we make decisions under
conditions of uncertainty?

If you are in the car industry…
what do you need to be thinking about?

If you are in the car industry…
what do you need to be thinking about?
If you are in the infrastructure sector…
what do you need to be thinking about?

If you are in the infrastructure sector…
what do you need to be thinking about?
Who would be interested in this app?
Who would be interested in this app?
When do we make the biggest decisions
during any initiative?

Classic managerial decision-making
& the planning dilemma
We take the most important decisions
when we know the least
How should we act when we know how to do something?
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS

‘Business
as Usual’
How should we act when we know how to do something?
How do we do more
of what works?
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
How should we act when we know how to do something?
How do we do more
of what works?
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
SCALE
How should we act when we don’t know much?
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
SCALE

How should we act when we don’t know much?
EXPERI-
MENT
How do we learn
what we need to know?
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
SCALE
What do these firms have in common?
Levi Strauss AT&T Kirin
Kodak Marks & Spencer Boeing
SSIH/Asaug Bausch & Lomb Philips
GM Ciba-Geigy U.S. Steel
DEC Nike Polaroid
Siebel Nokia IBM
Xerox PanAm Ogilvy & Mather

The Tyranny of Success
EXPERI-
MENT
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
SCALE
Who has come across the term VUCA?
VUCA

VUCA: Volatile, Uncertain, Complex & Ambiguous
VUCA
EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
PEOPLE &
PLANET
OPEN VS.
CLOSED
Not just digital technology:
• Physical sciences (e.g. materials)
• Medical sciences (e.g. treatment
vs. prevention)
• Social sciences
Socioeconomic
boundaries:
• Globalization & its
consequences (e.g.
migration)
• Contest between
nation-states and:
• multinational
corporations
• cross-national
organizations
(e.g. EU, NATO)
• At a microeconomic
level, blurring of
enterprise
boundaries (e.g.
open innovation,
open intellectual
property, hybrid
organizations)
• Energy (e.g. Peak Oil)
• Demography (e.g.
consequences of China’s One
Child Policy)
• Climate change
How should we act in a VUCA environment?
EXPERI-
MENT
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
SCALE

How should we act in a VUCA environment?
FRAME
What’s
the right
problem
to solve?
SCALE
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
EXPERI-
MENT
Knowing & Not Knowing
It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble.
It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.
Mark Twain
Barbie and Bratz
Potato crisps
Knowing & Not Knowing: reprise
Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen,
and thinking what nobody has thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Discovery-Led Decision-Making
FRAME
SCALE
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
KNOWNS
UNKNOWNS &
ASSUMPTIONS
EXPERI-
MENT VARIATIONADAPTATION
SELECTION

Discovery-led decision-making webinar, 11 October 2018

  • 1.
  • 2.
    How do wemake decisions under conditions of uncertainty? 
  • 3.
    If you arein the car industry… what do you need to be thinking about? 
  • 4.
    If you arein the car industry… what do you need to be thinking about?
  • 5.
    If you arein the infrastructure sector… what do you need to be thinking about? 
  • 6.
    If you arein the infrastructure sector… what do you need to be thinking about?
  • 7.
    Who would beinterested in this app?
  • 8.
    Who would beinterested in this app?
  • 9.
    When do wemake the biggest decisions during any initiative? 
  • 10.
    Classic managerial decision-making &the planning dilemma We take the most important decisions when we know the least
  • 12.
    How should weact when we know how to do something? KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS 
  • 13.
    ‘Business as Usual’ How shouldwe act when we know how to do something? How do we do more of what works? KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS
  • 14.
    How should weact when we know how to do something? How do we do more of what works? KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS SCALE
  • 19.
    How should weact when we don’t know much? KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS SCALE 
  • 20.
    How should weact when we don’t know much? EXPERI- MENT How do we learn what we need to know? KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS SCALE
  • 21.
    What do thesefirms have in common? Levi Strauss AT&T Kirin Kodak Marks & Spencer Boeing SSIH/Asaug Bausch & Lomb Philips GM Ciba-Geigy U.S. Steel DEC Nike Polaroid Siebel Nokia IBM Xerox PanAm Ogilvy & Mather 
  • 22.
    The Tyranny ofSuccess EXPERI- MENT KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS SCALE
  • 23.
    Who has comeacross the term VUCA? VUCA 
  • 24.
    VUCA: Volatile, Uncertain,Complex & Ambiguous VUCA EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES PEOPLE & PLANET OPEN VS. CLOSED Not just digital technology: • Physical sciences (e.g. materials) • Medical sciences (e.g. treatment vs. prevention) • Social sciences Socioeconomic boundaries: • Globalization & its consequences (e.g. migration) • Contest between nation-states and: • multinational corporations • cross-national organizations (e.g. EU, NATO) • At a microeconomic level, blurring of enterprise boundaries (e.g. open innovation, open intellectual property, hybrid organizations) • Energy (e.g. Peak Oil) • Demography (e.g. consequences of China’s One Child Policy) • Climate change
  • 25.
    How should weact in a VUCA environment? EXPERI- MENT KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS SCALE 
  • 26.
    How should weact in a VUCA environment? FRAME What’s the right problem to solve? SCALE KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS KNOWNS UNKNOWNS & ASSUMPTIONS EXPERI- MENT
  • 27.
    Knowing & NotKnowing It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so. Mark Twain
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    Knowing & NotKnowing: reprise Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen, and thinking what nobody has thought. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
  • 31.