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Bill Blackley LC
Vice President LEDnovation
Inc
Chair IES International
•  Company: LEDnovation, Inc.

•  Mission: Develop solid state solutions for Incandescent, CFL, halogen and
 fluorescent lighting replacements

•  Founded : Q4/2008

•  Location: Tampa, Florida




•  Value Proposition:
      System Driven Products: LEDnovation’s value proposition is to combine our
      proven expertise in LED technology, Efficient LED drivers, Optics, Intellectual
      property, Packaging, Mechanical and Thermal engineering into solid state lighting
      products in which performance and cost are the dominant variables
Who Are We?
Who Are We?




                                                Israel Morejon
                                               President & CEO

                         Evan O’Sullivan                              Bill Blackley
                         Vice President of                         Vice President of
                            Engineering                          Business Development

       Jim Zhai                                                                             Scott Mauldin
Chief Optical Engineer                                                                  Director of Operations
Core Competence
                         Who Are We?
                          Inventions & Designs
Missile Guidance                    Nano Projector                Optical Tomography




                   Speed Gun

                      Kidney Dialysis                   Digital Dimmer
Flat Screen TV                                                   Blood Pressure Monitor

                                                          Cable Scrambler




                                More Than Just a Lamp
Who Are We?


                             George Kaiser                                                                                   Ray Stata
                             George Kaiser took control of Kaiser-Francis Oil Company in                                     Ray Stata is a cofounder and Chairman of the Board of
                             1969. In 1990, Kaiser bought the Bank of Oklahoma, N.A. from                                    Analog Devices, Inc. Stata was President of the company
                             the FDIC. Buying the Bank of Oklahoma landed Kaiser on the                                      from 1971 to 1991 and served as CEO from 1973 to 1996.
                             Forbes 400 wealthiest Americans. In 2008, with an estimated                                     In 1973, he was named as Chairman of the Board, a role he
                             current net worth of around $12 billion, he was ranked by                                       continues to hold.
                             Forbes as the 20-richest person in America and the richest
                             person in Oklahoma.                                                                             Before founding Analog Devices, Stata founded Solid State
                                                                                                                             Instruments, a company which was later acquired by
                             Kaiser is listed third on BusinessWeek's 2008 list of the top 50                                Kollmorgen Corporation's Inland Controls Division.
                             American philanthropists, behind Warren Buffett and Bill and
                             Melinda Gates. Among his prominent causes is fighting                                            Besides ADI, Stata is founder of Stata Venture Partners, a
childhood poverty through the George Kaiser Family Foundation. He has been notably              venture capital firm in the Boston area that contributes to many Boston area startups
active in the promotion of early childhood education.                                           like Nexabit Networks, acquired by Lucent for $960M.

Kaiser's family foundation funded the National Energy Policy Institute, a non-profit energy      As co-founder and the first President of the Massachusetts High Technology Council,
policy organization located at the University of Tulsa whose first head was former Alaska        Stata advocated that engineering education and university research funding were a
governor Tony Knowles, and whose director since January 2010 is former U.S.                     shared responsibility of government and industry. He remains a member of the Board of
Representative Brad Carson. In January 2009, Kaiser drew attention after he told a              Directors of the MHTC. One educational initiative from the MHTC is the Massachusetts
committee of the Oklahoma House of Representatives that the state should eliminate or           STEM Collaborative, which Stata is co-chairs, that is dedicated to nurturing interest in
reduce tax incentives for the oil and gas industry, and instead use the money for health        math and science among students in K through 12 grade levels. Another is the Retired
care or education programs or for tax cuts for other taxpayers.                                 Engineers In Education program which brings scientists and engineers into middle school
                                                                                                classrooms to teach math and science.
Kaiser is among those who have made The Giving Pledge, a commitment to give away half
of his wealth for charitable purposes.                                                          Stata was chosen to be the MIT 2010 Commencement speaker.
Why?
Why?



Table&ES.1&Summary&of&Lighting&Market&Characteristics&in&2010&
                                  Average&Daily&      Wattage&per&     Annual&Electricity&
                    Lamps
                                 Operating&Hours        Lamp              Use&(TWh)
Residential      5,811,769,000           1.8               46                 175
Commercial       2,069,306,000          11.2               42                 349
Industrial!       144,251,000           13.0               75                  58
Outdoor          178,374,000            11.7              151                 118
Total           8,203,700,000           4.7                48                 700            !
These!inputs!combined!result!in!a!total!annual!electricity!use!of!U.S.!lighting!of!700!TWh,!o
approximately!19!percent!of!total!U.S.!electricity!use.!Figure!ESB1!presents!the!lighting!elec
sector!and!lamp!type.!Nearly!half!of!the!lighting!electricity!is!consumed!in!the!commercial!
also!represents!the!sector!in!which!the!majority!of!lumens!are!produced.!This!sector!is!dom
Why?



Table&ES.1&Summary&of&Lighting&Market&Characteristics&in&2010&
                                  Average&Daily&      Wattage&per&     Annual&Electricity&
                    Lamps
                                 Operating&Hours        Lamp              Use&(TWh)
Residential      5,811,769,000           1.8               46                 175
Commercial       2,069,306,000          11.2               42                 349
Industrial!       144,251,000           13.0               75                  58
Outdoor          178,374,000            11.7              151                 118
Total           8,203,700,000           4.7                48                 700            !
These!inputs!combined!result!in!a!total!annual!electricity!use!of!U.S.!lighting!of!700!TWh,!o
approximately!19!percent!of!total!U.S.!electricity!use.!Figure!ESB1!presents!the!lighting!elec
sector!and!lamp!type.!Nearly!half!of!the!lighting!electricity!is!consumed!in!the!commercial!
also!represents!the!sector!in!which!the!majority!of!lumens!are!produced.!This!sector!is!dom
)55#$1)($".'D+)'+'-"E.+$.+=)4#*+L9P@9++N#(-"2,-+".#7+>?+5*61*.(+"/+A<:+#)05
                                    Why?
)6*+$.+.".&*F$(+'$,.+)55#$1)($".'D+(-$'+6*56*'*.('+'$,.$/$1).(+,6"E(-+/6"0+PJD
$.+>??@+("+.*)6#7+J9Q+0$##$".+.".&*F$(+'$,.+A<:+#)05'+$.+>?@?9+=-*'*+#)05'+6)
QJD+).%+)6*+$.'()##*%+$.+)55#$1)($".'+6).,$.,+/6"0+%$'5#)7D+(6)1OD+()'OD+).%+)6
                                    2010
'$,.+A<:+#)05'+6*56*'*.(+#*''+(-).+@+5*61*.(+"/+.".&*F$(+#$,-($.,+$.+(-*+1"0
'*1("6'9+
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                   +,-&,./0&1/234      +,-&+"674           !90"$
C"00*61$)#           P?DQQRD???         JDLJ@D???        PRD?>ID???
M.%2'(6$)#            QR?D???            @>D???           QI>D???
!90"$                )*>*)?>@@@        A>'BC>@@@        )B>DC*>@@@     +
=-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6+-)'+'**.+(-*+,6*)(*'(+5*.*(6)($".+).%+,6"E(-+$.+A<:+#)0
#$/*($0*+S#"E+0)$.(*.).1*+1"'(T+).%+-$,-+*//$1)17+S#"E+"5*6)($.,+1"'(T9++K-$
(-)(+IJD???+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+E*6*+$.'()##*%+$.+(-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6D+(-
>?@?+(-*+"2(%""6+$.'()##*%+4)'*+"/+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+,6*E+("+@I+0$##$"
)55#$1)($".'D+)'+'-"E.+$.+=)4#*+L9P@9++N#(-"2,-+".#7+>?+5*61*.(+"/+A<:+#)05
                                     Why?
)6*+$.+.".&*F$(+'$,.+)55#$1)($".'D+(-$'+6*56*'*.('+'$,.$/$1).(+,6"E(-+/6"0+PJD
$.+>??@+("+.*)6#7+J9Q+0$##$".+.".&*F$(+'$,.+A<:+#)05'+$.+>?@?9+=-*'*+#)05'+6)
      800     Incandescent
              Halogen
QJD+).%+)6*+$.'()##*%+$.+)55#$1)($".'+6).,$.,+/6"0+%$'5#)7D+(6)1OD+()'OD+).%+)6
                                                         118          700
      700     Compact!Fluorescent    2010
'$,.+A<:+#)05'+6*56*'*.(+#*''+(-).+@+5*61*.(+"/+.".&*F$(+#$,-($.,+$.+(-*+1"0
Annual'Electricity'Consumption




              Linear!Fluorescent
      600     HID                           58
'*1("6'9+     LED/Other          349
                                 500
!"#$%&'()*&+,-&,./0&1/234&"35&+"674&/3&8966%:;/"$&"35&<35=40:/"$&1%;09:4&
          (TWh/yr)




                                 400
                                             +,-&,./0&1/234   +,-&+"674     !90"$
                                 300
  C"00*61$)#                                  P?DQQRD???      JDLJ@D???   PRD?>ID???
  M.%2'(6$)#
      200                              175     QR?D???         @>D???      QI>D???
  !90"$
      100                                     )*>*)?>@@@      A>'BC>@@@   )B>DC*>@@@   +
=-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6+-)'+'**.+(-*+,6*)(*'(+5*.*(6)($".+).%+,6"E(-+$.+A<:+#)0
         0
                Residential        Commercial       Industrial       Outdoor       Total
#$/*($0*+S#"E+0)$.(*.).1*+1"'(T+).%+-$,-+*//$1)17+S#"E+"5*6)($.,+1"'(T9++K-$
(-)(+IJD???+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+E*6*+$.'()##*%+$.+(-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6D+(-
Figure'ES*1'U.S.'Lighting'Electricity'Consumption'by'Sector'and'Lamp'Type'in'2010'
>?@?+(-*+"2(%""6+$.'()##*%+4)'*+"/+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+,6*E+("+@I+0$##$"
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                                         A Good Start
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Lednovation

  • 1. Bill Blackley LC Vice President LEDnovation Inc Chair IES International
  • 2. •  Company: LEDnovation, Inc. •  Mission: Develop solid state solutions for Incandescent, CFL, halogen and fluorescent lighting replacements •  Founded : Q4/2008 •  Location: Tampa, Florida •  Value Proposition: System Driven Products: LEDnovation’s value proposition is to combine our proven expertise in LED technology, Efficient LED drivers, Optics, Intellectual property, Packaging, Mechanical and Thermal engineering into solid state lighting products in which performance and cost are the dominant variables
  • 4. Who Are We? Israel Morejon President & CEO Evan O’Sullivan Bill Blackley Vice President of Vice President of Engineering Business Development Jim Zhai Scott Mauldin Chief Optical Engineer Director of Operations
  • 5. Core Competence Who Are We? Inventions & Designs Missile Guidance Nano Projector Optical Tomography Speed Gun Kidney Dialysis Digital Dimmer Flat Screen TV Blood Pressure Monitor Cable Scrambler More Than Just a Lamp
  • 6. Who Are We? George Kaiser Ray Stata George Kaiser took control of Kaiser-Francis Oil Company in Ray Stata is a cofounder and Chairman of the Board of 1969. In 1990, Kaiser bought the Bank of Oklahoma, N.A. from Analog Devices, Inc. Stata was President of the company the FDIC. Buying the Bank of Oklahoma landed Kaiser on the from 1971 to 1991 and served as CEO from 1973 to 1996. Forbes 400 wealthiest Americans. In 2008, with an estimated In 1973, he was named as Chairman of the Board, a role he current net worth of around $12 billion, he was ranked by continues to hold. Forbes as the 20-richest person in America and the richest person in Oklahoma. Before founding Analog Devices, Stata founded Solid State Instruments, a company which was later acquired by Kaiser is listed third on BusinessWeek's 2008 list of the top 50 Kollmorgen Corporation's Inland Controls Division. American philanthropists, behind Warren Buffett and Bill and Melinda Gates. Among his prominent causes is fighting Besides ADI, Stata is founder of Stata Venture Partners, a childhood poverty through the George Kaiser Family Foundation. He has been notably venture capital firm in the Boston area that contributes to many Boston area startups active in the promotion of early childhood education. like Nexabit Networks, acquired by Lucent for $960M. Kaiser's family foundation funded the National Energy Policy Institute, a non-profit energy As co-founder and the first President of the Massachusetts High Technology Council, policy organization located at the University of Tulsa whose first head was former Alaska Stata advocated that engineering education and university research funding were a governor Tony Knowles, and whose director since January 2010 is former U.S. shared responsibility of government and industry. He remains a member of the Board of Representative Brad Carson. In January 2009, Kaiser drew attention after he told a Directors of the MHTC. One educational initiative from the MHTC is the Massachusetts committee of the Oklahoma House of Representatives that the state should eliminate or STEM Collaborative, which Stata is co-chairs, that is dedicated to nurturing interest in reduce tax incentives for the oil and gas industry, and instead use the money for health math and science among students in K through 12 grade levels. Another is the Retired care or education programs or for tax cuts for other taxpayers. Engineers In Education program which brings scientists and engineers into middle school classrooms to teach math and science. Kaiser is among those who have made The Giving Pledge, a commitment to give away half of his wealth for charitable purposes. Stata was chosen to be the MIT 2010 Commencement speaker.
  • 8. Why? Table&ES.1&Summary&of&Lighting&Market&Characteristics&in&2010& Average&Daily& Wattage&per& Annual&Electricity& Lamps Operating&Hours Lamp Use&(TWh) Residential 5,811,769,000 1.8 46 175 Commercial 2,069,306,000 11.2 42 349 Industrial! 144,251,000 13.0 75 58 Outdoor 178,374,000 11.7 151 118 Total 8,203,700,000 4.7 48 700 ! These!inputs!combined!result!in!a!total!annual!electricity!use!of!U.S.!lighting!of!700!TWh,!o approximately!19!percent!of!total!U.S.!electricity!use.!Figure!ESB1!presents!the!lighting!elec sector!and!lamp!type.!Nearly!half!of!the!lighting!electricity!is!consumed!in!the!commercial! also!represents!the!sector!in!which!the!majority!of!lumens!are!produced.!This!sector!is!dom
  • 9. Why? Table&ES.1&Summary&of&Lighting&Market&Characteristics&in&2010& Average&Daily& Wattage&per& Annual&Electricity& Lamps Operating&Hours Lamp Use&(TWh) Residential 5,811,769,000 1.8 46 175 Commercial 2,069,306,000 11.2 42 349 Industrial! 144,251,000 13.0 75 58 Outdoor 178,374,000 11.7 151 118 Total 8,203,700,000 4.7 48 700 ! These!inputs!combined!result!in!a!total!annual!electricity!use!of!U.S.!lighting!of!700!TWh,!o approximately!19!percent!of!total!U.S.!electricity!use.!Figure!ESB1!presents!the!lighting!elec sector!and!lamp!type.!Nearly!half!of!the!lighting!electricity!is!consumed!in!the!commercial! also!represents!the!sector!in!which!the!majority!of!lumens!are!produced.!This!sector!is!dom
  • 10. )55#$1)($".'D+)'+'-"E.+$.+=)4#*+L9P@9++N#(-"2,-+".#7+>?+5*61*.(+"/+A<:+#)05 Why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
  • 11. )55#$1)($".'D+)'+'-"E.+$.+=)4#*+L9P@9++N#(-"2,-+".#7+>?+5*61*.(+"/+A<:+#)05 Why? )6*+$.+.".&*F$(+'$,.+)55#$1)($".'D+(-$'+6*56*'*.('+'$,.$/$1).(+,6"E(-+/6"0+PJD $.+>??@+("+.*)6#7+J9Q+0$##$".+.".&*F$(+'$,.+A<:+#)05'+$.+>?@?9+=-*'*+#)05'+6) 800 Incandescent Halogen QJD+).%+)6*+$.'()##*%+$.+)55#$1)($".'+6).,$.,+/6"0+%$'5#)7D+(6)1OD+()'OD+).%+)6 118 700 700 Compact!Fluorescent 2010 '$,.+A<:+#)05'+6*56*'*.(+#*''+(-).+@+5*61*.(+"/+.".&*F$(+#$,-($.,+$.+(-*+1"0 Annual'Electricity'Consumption Linear!Fluorescent 600 HID 58 '*1("6'9+ LED/Other 349 500 !"#$%&'()*&+,-&,./0&1/234&"35&+"674&/3&8966%:;/"$&"35&<35=40:/"$&1%;09:4& (TWh/yr) 400 +,-&,./0&1/234 +,-&+"674 !90"$ 300 C"00*61$)# P?DQQRD??? JDLJ@D??? PRD?>ID??? M.%2'(6$)# 200 175 QR?D??? @>D??? QI>D??? !90"$ 100 )*>*)?>@@@ A>'BC>@@@ )B>DC*>@@@ + =-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6+-)'+'**.+(-*+,6*)(*'(+5*.*(6)($".+).%+,6"E(-+$.+A<:+#)0 0 Residential Commercial Industrial Outdoor Total #$/*($0*+S#"E+0)$.(*.).1*+1"'(T+).%+-$,-+*//$1)17+S#"E+"5*6)($.,+1"'(T9++K-$ (-)(+IJD???+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+E*6*+$.'()##*%+$.+(-*+"2(%""6+'*1("6D+(- Figure'ES*1'U.S.'Lighting'Electricity'Consumption'by'Sector'and'Lamp'Type'in'2010' >?@?+(-*+"2(%""6+$.'()##*%+4)'*+"/+A<:+#)05'+"6+#20$.)$6*'+,6*E+("+@I+0$##$"
  • 12. :)$*%>#2'>4%&'$().$#3>'%1)&%*"'%+,**,5'%#./&',$'%,$%+'>>%,$%*"'%>,:(%-'/&',$'%3'*+''.%*"'%[`Y`%,.-% [``Y%&'$0>*$%1)&%*"'%#.-0$*&#,>%$'/*)&;%% Why? A Good Start !"'%)0*-))&%$'/*)&%'?('&#'./'-%*"'%5&',*'$*%&'>,*#9'%#./&',$'%#.%>,:(%j0,.*#*#'$%1&):%[``Y;%%!"#$%#$% (,&*#,>>4%-0'%*)%.'+%,((>#/,*#).$%/).$#-'&'-%#.%*"'%/0&&'.*%&'()&*=%*"'%/>,$$#1#/,*#).%-#11'&'./'$%3'*+' *"'%*+)%&'()&*$=%,.-%*"'%#./&',$#.5%()(0>,&#*4%)1%)0*-))&%>#5"*#.5;% -1234*E=B*AG@G*#4U85O*%QRS8Q7R*$S1O1U84OQ98QU9*$5NX1OQ957*85*AGG@*<13M49* %1NX9 &W4O1R4*!1Q3P* (34U8OQUQ8P*?94* J1881R4*X4O*%1NX YNQ33Q57Z ,X4O18Q7R*C5MO9 Y-JSZ [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` @'$#-'.*#,> =ZYY ^=_Y[ [;` Y;_ ZX Z [`_ Y]^ A)::'&/#,> Y=bZZ [=`Zb b;b YY;[ ^Z [ XbY Xb F.-0$*&#,>% X[] Y YX;^ YX;` Z^ ]^ Y`_ ^_ N0*-))& ]X Y]_ Y`;^ YY;] [`^ Y^Y ^_ YY_ -5813 HVbII KVAGB F=K F=I HA FK IHE IGG % B0/"%)1%*"'%&'-0/*#).%#.%>#5"*#.5%'>'/*&#/#*4%0$'%)9'&%*"'%(,$*%*'.%4',&$%",$%)//0&&'-%-0'%*)%*"'% :#5&,*#).%*)+,&-%"#5"'&%'11#/,/4%>#5"*%$)0&/'$%,.-%,.%#./&',$'%#.%)9'&,>>%$*)/2%'11#/,/4;%!"'%,9'&,5'% '11#/,/4=%#.%>0:'.$%('&%+,**=%#$%-'(#/*'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&%1)&%[`Y`%#.%I#50&'%^Q^;%Y_%%!"'%'11#/,/4%-#$(>,4' #$%/,>/0>,*'-%3,$'-%).%*)*,>%>0:'.%(&)-0/*#).%-#9#-'-%34%*)*,>%'.'&54%0$'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&;%%!"#$%#$% -#11'&'.*%*",.%*"'%,9'&,5'%'11#/,/4%)1%*"'%#.$*,>>'-%$*)/2%3'/,0$'%,%"#5"'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,.% #./,.-'$/'.*%>,:(=%/).$0:'$%:)&'%'.'&54%*",.%,%$#:#>,&>4%0$'-%>)+'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,%AIP=%,
  • 13. :)$*%>#2'>4%&'$().$#3>'%1)&%*"'%+,**,5'%#./&',$'%,$%+'>>%,$%*"'%>,:(%-'/&',$'%3'*+''.%*"'%[`Y`%,.-% [``Y%&'$0>*$%1)&%*"'%#.-0$*&#,>%$'/*)&;%% Why? A Good Start !"'%)0*-))&%$'/*)&%'?('&#'./'-%*"'%5&',*'$*%&'>,*#9'%#./&',$'%#.%>,:(%j0,.*#*#'$%1&):%[``Y;%%!"#$%#$% (,&*#,>>4%-0'%*)%.'+%,((>#/,*#).$%/).$#-'&'-%#.%*"'%/0&&'.*%&'()&*=%*"'%/>,$$#1#/,*#).%-#11'&'./'$%3'*+' *"'%*+)%&'()&*$=%,.-%*"'%#./&',$#.5%()(0>,&#*4%)1%)0*-))&%>#5"*#.5;% -1234*E=B*AG@G*#4U85O*%QRS8Q7R*$S1O1U84OQ98QU9*$5NX1OQ957*85*AGG@*<13M49* %1NX9 &W4O1R4*!1Q3P* (34U8OQUQ8P*?94* J1881R4*X4O*%1NX YNQ33Q57Z ,X4O18Q7R*C5MO9 Y-JSZ [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` @'$#-'.*#,> =ZYY ^=_Y[ [;` Y;_ ZX Z [`_ Y]^ A)::'&/#,> Y=bZZ [=`Zb b;b YY;[ ^Z [ XbY Xb F.-0$*&#,>% X[] Y YX;^ YX;` Z^ ]^ Y`_ ^_ N0*-))& ]X Y]_ Y`;^ YY;] [`^ Y^Y ^_ YY_ -5813 HVbII KVAGB F=K F=I HA FK IHE IGG % B0/"%)1%*"'%&'-0/*#).%#.%>#5"*#.5%'>'/*&#/#*4%0$'%)9'&%*"'%(,$*%*'.%4',&$%",$%)//0&&'-%-0'%*)%*"'% :#5&,*#).%*)+,&-%"#5"'&%'11#/,/4%>#5"*%$)0&/'$%,.-%,.%#./&',$'%#.%)9'&,>>%$*)/2%'11#/,/4;%!"'%,9'&,5'% '11#/,/4=%#.%>0:'.$%('&%+,**=%#$%-'(#/*'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&%1)&%[`Y`%#.%I#50&'%^Q^;%Y_%%!"'%'11#/,/4%-#$(>,4' #$%/,>/0>,*'-%3,$'-%).%*)*,>%>0:'.%(&)-0/*#).%-#9#-'-%34%*)*,>%'.'&54%0$'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&;%%!"#$%#$% -#11'&'.*%*",.%*"'%,9'&,5'%'11#/,/4%)1%*"'%#.$*,>>'-%$*)/2%3'/,0$'%,%"#5"'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,.% #./,.-'$/'.*%>,:(=%/).$0:'$%:)&'%'.'&54%*",.%,%$#:#>,&>4%0$'-%>)+'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,%AIP=%,
  • 14. :)$*%>#2'>4%&'$().$#3>'%1)&%*"'%+,**,5'%#./&',$'%,$%+'>>%,$%*"'%>,:(%-'/&',$'%3'*+''.%*"'%[`Y`%,.-% [``Y%&'$0>*$%1)&%*"'%#.-0$*&#,>%$'/*)&;%% Why? A Good Start !"'%)0*-))&%$'/*)&%'?('&#'./'-%*"'%5&',*'$*%&'>,*#9'%#./&',$'%#.%>,:(%j0,.*#*#'$%1&):%[``Y;%%!"#$%#$% (,&*#,>>4%-0'%*)%.'+%,((>#/,*#).$%/).$#-'&'-%#.%*"'%/0&&'.*%&'()&*=%*"'%/>,$$#1#/,*#).%-#11'&'./'$%3'*+' *"'%*+)%&'()&*$=%,.-%*"'%#./&',$#.5%()(0>,&#*4%)1%)0*-))&%>#5"*#.5;% -1234*E=B*AG@G*#4U85O*%QRS8Q7R*$S1O1U84OQ98QU9*$5NX1OQ957*85*AGG@*<13M49* %1NX9 &W4O1R4*!1Q3P* (34U8OQUQ8P*?94* J1881R4*X4O*%1NX YNQ33Q57Z ,X4O18Q7R*C5MO9 Y-JSZ [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` [``Y [`Y` @'$#-'.*#,> =ZYY ^=_Y[ [;` Y;_ ZX Z [`_ Y]^ A)::'&/#,> Y=bZZ [=`Zb b;b YY;[ ^Z [ XbY Xb F.-0$*&#,>% X[] Y YX;^ YX;` Z^ ]^ Y`_ ^_ N0*-))& ]X Y]_ Y`;^ YY;] [`^ Y^Y ^_ YY_ -5813 HVbII KVAGB F=K F=I HA FK IHE IGG % B0/"%)1%*"'%&'-0/*#).%#.%>#5"*#.5%'>'/*&#/#*4%0$'%)9'&%*"'%(,$*%*'.%4',&$%",$%)//0&&'-%-0'%*)%*"'% :#5&,*#).%*)+,&-%"#5"'&%'11#/,/4%>#5"*%$)0&/'$%,.-%,.%#./&',$'%#.%)9'&,>>%$*)/2%'11#/,/4;%!"'%,9'&,5'% '11#/,/4=%#.%>0:'.$%('&%+,**=%#$%-'(#/*'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&%1)&%[`Y`%#.%I#50&'%^Q^;%Y_%%!"'%'11#/,/4%-#$(>,4' #$%/,>/0>,*'-%3,$'-%).%*)*,>%>0:'.%(&)-0/*#).%-#9#-'-%34%*)*,>%'.'&54%0$'-%1)&%',/"%$'/*)&;%%!"#$%#$% -#11'&'.*%*",.%*"'%,9'&,5'%'11#/,/4%)1%*"'%#.$*,>>'-%$*)/2%3'/,0$'%,%"#5"'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,.% #./,.-'$/'.*%>,:(=%/).$0:'$%:)&'%'.'&54%*",.%,%$#:#>,&>4%0$'-%>)+'&%+,**,5'%>,:(=%$0/"%,$%,%AIP=%,
  • 15. Why?

Editor's Notes

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  69. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  70. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  71. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  72. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  73. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  74. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  75. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
  76. In the most simple electric circuits, an electric current flows in that circuit in response to the applied voltage. Voltage is electromotive force, and it will cause current to flow in a circuit to which it is applied. In a simple circuit with a DC voltage applied, electrons leave the negative terminal of the source and flow through the circuit, then return to the positive terminal of the source. The resistance of the circuit (and the applied voltage) will determine the amount of current that flows.\n\n\n
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