2. FEATURES OF GONORRHEA
•Gonorrhea is sexually transmitted infection
caused by NEISSERIA GONORRHEA
•NEISSERIA GONORRHEA is bacterium that
grows and multiplies quickly in moist , warm
areas of the body such as the cervix , urinary
tract, mouth, or rectum.
3. ETIOLOGY
•Men have a 20 percent chance of getting
infection by having sexual relation with a
women infected with gonorrhoea.
•Women have a 50 percent chance of getting
the infection by having sexual relations with
a gonorrhoea infected man.
4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Gonorrhoea primarily affects the epithelium and mucous membrane of
lower genital tract.
• It may also involve the eyes, oropharynx and anus.
• On contact with a mucosal surface, the gonococci attach to cell
membranes by pilli.
• It first starts when the gonococcus is spread into the vagina this way,
and it kind of makes its way upward to infect the walls of the vagina
and eventually the cervix over here.
5. • Gonococcus will enter into the vagina and somehow spread its way
upward.
• The way that works is because of these extensions that come off of the
gonococcus. One of these is called a pilus, a pilus.
Gonococci
With pili
6. • The pilus will allow the gonococcus to grab onto the wall.
• The body has an immune system that's supposed to prevent the
gonococcus from going further and further into an infected person.
• The white blood cells will look for the gonococcus and actually
swallow it.
• White blood cells come and swallow up these bacteria, they try to
process the proteins that are on these organisms so that the body can
develop antibodies or other ways that can attack the bacteria if they
ever infect us in the future.
• This process of the body remembering an infection in the past and
acting on it in the future is referred to as immunologic memory,
immunologic memory.
7. • INTERESTING FACT The interesting thing about gonococcus is
that no matter what the body does, it can't develop immunologic
memory against it. The reason why is because when white blood cells
try and swallow the gonococcus over here, they try to latch onto them
with the receptors called as opa receptors, O-P-A.
• These receptors help kick off the process of developing immunologic
memory. The reason why they don't work on gonococcus is that the
gonococci have this protein on them which is referred to as an opa
protein, that will bind these receptors and prevent them from working,
which is why every time a person is infected with gonococcus, they
have to go through the process of attacking the bacteria as if it's a new
type of infection all the time.
8. Clinical presentation
• Individuals infected with gonorrhoea can be
symptomatic or asymptomatic and differs between
males and females
• In males the incubation period id 1-14 days.
Onset of symptoms in 2-8 days
Site of infection- urethra, rectum, oropharynx
Symptoms include- abnormal discharge from the penis,
painful or frequent urination, anal itching, discomfort,
bleeding.
9. • In females incubation period is same as in males, but onset of
symptoms occurs in 10 days
• Site of infection- urethra, rectum , oropharynx , eyes
• Symptoms include- painful or frequent urination
anal itching and discomfort
bleeding or discharge
abnormal vaginal discharge
abnormal vaginal bleeding during or after sex or between periods
genital itching
irregular menstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Swollen or painful glands at the opening of the vagina(Bartholin glands)
