Which of the following is NOT an activity of descriptive epidemiology.pdf

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Which of the following is NOT an activity of descriptive epidemiology? Monitoring health- related states or events over time Monitoring potential exposures over time Evaluating the effects of an assigned intervention on an outcome of interest Understanding where and when the health problem is greatest All of these are activities of descriptive epidemiology. Solution 5.E.all of these activities are descriptive epidemiology 6.A. use of appropriate study designs and Statistical Techniques for investigating an observable occurrence and acquiring New knowledge 7.E. individual who harbour a pathogen and although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease is still infectious. 8.A. an organism usually an animal or human that harbours a disease. 9.E. All of the above are possible reservoirs. 10. C. Endemic 11.E. all of the above have been linked to cancer 12.B. Zoonosis..

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If the proportion of an African population that are susceptible to Malaria is 0.37, what proportion of the population are affected with Sickle Cell Anemia? A. 0.18 B. 0.63 C. 0.11 D. 0.154 E. 0.255 Solution Proportion of population susceptible to malaria= p2= .37 so p= 0.608 since p+q=1, so q=1-0.608=0.392 proportion of the population affected with Sickle Cell Anemia= q2+2pq=0.3922+(2*0.608*0.392) =0.154+0.477 =0.631 So the answer is option B.

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How have a rock that was formed at the same time as the Earth was formed. How old is the rock? How much of the original uranium-238is likely to be left today in that rock? Solution It has been theorized that the actual age of the earth is about 4.6 billion years old.According to some geologists,one of the remarkable features of the old rocks is that they are not formed from the primordial crust of the Earth.Rather, they are formed from lava and sediments that deposited in shallow water which indicates that Earth was already formed before rocks began to deposit.Still there are some geologists who suggest that the oldest rocks were formed as remnants of the primordial crust of Earth.These rocks are known as faux-amphibolites.The oldest rock were formed 3.9 billion years old.The half life of uranium-238 is 4.5 billion years and half of the uranium-238 present now has been decayed to lead 206.So half of the , original uranium- 238 is likely to be left today in that rock..

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Google the four Characteristics of the Climate at Whirlpool, and post your answer the following questions: Could the innovation success of the Gladiator line have been achieved without the four characteristics being present in the organization? Why or why not? Comment on the overall commitment of Whirlpool leadership to the process of creativity and innovation. Were there any leadership actions that stood out as being critical to unleashing the creativity and entrepreneurship of the Gladiator team? Solution Organizational culture is with the nature of belief and expectations about organizational life, while climate is an indicator of whether those beliefs and expectations are being fulfilled”. Richard M. Hodgetts has classified organizational climate into two factors. 1) overt factors which can be analyzed they are Hierarchy , Goals of the organization , Financial resources , Skills and abilities of employees , Technological state of the organization , Performance standards adopted , Efficiency measurement. 2) covert factors that can not be analyzed being subjective in nature they are Values , Attitude , Norms, Feelings, Interaction, Sportiveness, Satisfaction. Likert has carried out studies on organizational climate by isolating six different variables namely decision making, leadership style, motivation, goal setting communication and control. Each variable was then evaluated on four dimensions. Each of the dimensions can then be studied on the five-point scale Strongly agree , Moderately disagree,Neutral , Moderately disagree, Strongly disagree. These characteristics plays an important role for success of organization.Achieving required quality of product and managing customer satisfaction are important factors in running a growth oriented organization. While all the resources can be managed, it is difficult to manage human resource especially when globalization is the order of the day in all facet of our life. Therefore culture plays a decisive role in running of an organization smoothly. Culture is an invisible power of any organization.When the thinking and actions of employees are institutionalized, an organizational culture is deemed to have been formed. Leadership is one of the most important aspects of studies of human behaviors in organization. It is the leader who creates working environment. The success of an organization depends upon the efficiency of the leader. It is the attributes, positive approach and the ability to solve problems that make a person leader.Leadership is about influencing subordinates to act willingly towards achievement of organizational goals. To achieve innovation and creativity among employees, it is necessary to introduce the concept of work design and promote intrinsic value of the job so that personal growth,recognition and sense of achievement is experienced by the employees. This can be achieved by giving employees enhanced responsibilities, greater autonomy, higher control over the resources, assur.

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