Describe how a NAT (Network Address Translator) works. Be sure to in.pdf

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Describe how a NAT (Network Address Translator) works. Be sure to include an example showing the translation. Solution Hi there well here is how the NAT works. Network Address Translation (NAT) is mainly designed for conserving IP addresses. It enables private IP networks that use unregistered IP addresses to connect to the Internet. NAT operates on a router, which involves connection of two networks together, and translates the private addresses in the internal network into legal addresses, before the data packets are being forwarded to another network. NAT allows a single device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (or public network) and a local network (or private network), which means that only a single unique IP address is required to represent an entire group of computers to anything outside their network. NAT also maintains concurrent sessions. Working of a NAT: Earlier the computers and servers which are interacting with each other within a network need a unique identification like they should have a unique address to recognize each other.For this combinations of 32bit numbers like IPv4 came into existence.But due to the faster growth and demand of internet this was not suffiecient enough so to resolve this problem NAT came into light. It enabled two types of network IP addresses like private and public. A range of private addresses were introduced, which anyone could use, as long as these were kept private within the network and not routed on the internet. The range of private addresses known as RFC 1918 are; Class A 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 NAT allows you to use these private IP address on the internal network. However when internal hosts do need to communicate to the public network (Internet) then this is where a public address comes into the equation. Example of NAT: For this we have to follow some policies: Determine which IP addresses will be used for translation. Set up the necessary proxy ARPs. Set up the necessary static host routes. Create the necessary network objects. Make the necessary modifications to anti-spoofing. Create the necessary rulebase rules to permit the desired traffic. Create the NAT rules. Install the security policy, and verify that everything works as planned..

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Determine which IP addresses will be used for translation.
Set up the necessary proxy ARPs.
Set up the necessary static host routes.
Create the necessary network objects.
Make the necessary modifications to anti-spoofing.
Create the necessary rulebase rules to permit the desired traffic.
Create the NAT rules.
Install the security policy, and verify that everything works as planned.

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As robust as the IP protocol is, it does not perform the actual transmission of the data. In this step, you will investigate the network protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , responsible for creation, reliability of delivery, and proper assembling of data packets. In addition to IP, TCP is also widely used on the internet, especially for any network communication where it is essential to confirm receipt of the transmission. Many of the network protocols used to implement cloud computing use both TCP and IP. You will review TCP’s workings and discuss them in your final technical report. In general, there is no guarantee that a data packet will reach its destination. Packets can get lost or corrupted during transmission, and there are network applications where you need assurance that the packets have reached their destination. To achieve reliability, TCP establishes connections between communicating hosts, using port numbers to refer to applications on these hosts. Then, packets are created, sequenced, transmitted, acknowledged, and retransmitted if missing or containing errors. Finally, at the destination, they are reassembled into the original messages. To synchronize the flow of packets between sender and receiver, and avoid packet congestion in case of varying speeds, TCP uses sliding windows for packets remaining in processing at a given time, at both the sender and receiver ends. In the next step, you will look into subnetting BallotOnline’s IP addresses. One of the drawbacks of IPv4 is the maximum number of network devices it can support. IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit network address. This allows for 232,, or a little over 4 billion devices. However, today there are significantly more devices on the internet. Even though the more robust IPv6 version has been introduced and efforts are under way to assure wide adoption, IPv4 is still widely used. One method used to more efficiently use the IPv4 network addresses is a technique to optimize the addresses by splitting them into network addresses and host addresses within designated networks. You will need to take advantage of IP address splitting so that you can efficiently use and allocate the IPv4 network addresses that have been assigned to BallotOnline. For a given large network, rather than addressing all the hosts using the host part of the address, subnetting allows for splitting the network into several smaller ones by borrowing the host part bits and adding them to the network bits. It supports efficient management of local networks composed of multiple LANs. In this step, you will investigate subnetting conventions and discuss them in your final report in order to lay ground for the use of subnets by BallotOnline. As the network engineer for BallotOnline, you know that subnetting a network into several smaller and variable-sized networks will be best for the organization's needs. BallotOnline has been assigned a network address block by the In.

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Computer networks are a fundamental aspect of modern technology, enabling computers to communicate and share information with one another. This presentation will provide an overview of computer networks, covering topics such as network architecture, network topologies, network protocols, and network security. Participants will learn about different types of networks, such as LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), and the Internet. We will also discuss the different components of a network, including routers, switches, and servers, as well as the protocols used to transmit data across networks. Additionally, the presentation will cover topics related to network security, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention, and encryption. By the end of the presentation, participants will have a solid understanding of computer networks and the role they play in modern computing.

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In aqueous solution, Cd2+will precipitate out of solution in the form of CdS in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The Ksp of CdS = 1.0 x 10-28 and Ksp of H2S = 1.0 x 10-26 for the reaction: H2S (aq) = 2 H+(aq) + S2-(aq) a. Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of cadmium ion with hydrogen sulfide to form cadmium sulfide solid. b. Write the equilibrium expression for the equation in part a. c. Calculate Koverall for the reaction in part a. d. Calculate the [Cd2+] in a solution saturated with H2S (0.10 M) at a pH = 2.00 ([H+] = 0.010 M). Solution a) The balanced ionic equation for the formation of cadmium sulfide from cadmium ion and hydrogen sulfide is given as Cd2+ (aq) + H2S (aq) <=======> CdS (s) + 2 H+ (aq) ……..(1) b) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is given as Koverall = [H+]2/[Cd2+][H2S] (ans) Note that the concentration of a solid is not written in the expression for the equilibrium constant. c) Write down the two ionization reactions as below. CdS (s) <=======> Cd2+ (aq) + S2- (aq) ……..(2) Ksp = [Cd2+][S2-] H2S (aq) <=======> 2 H+ (aq) + S2- (aq) …….(3) Ka = [H+]2[S2-]/[H2S] Subtract (2) from (3) and obtain Cd2+ (aq) + H2S (aq) <======> CdS (s) + 2 H+ (aq) Koverall = [H+]2/[Cd2+][H2S] = ([H+]2/[H2S])*(1/[Cd2+]) = ([H+]2[S2-]/[H2S])*1/([Cd2+][S2-] = Ka*1/Ksp = (1.0*10-26)*1/(1.0*10-28) = 100 (ans). d) We have [H2S] = 0.10 M and pH = 2.00. We define pH as pH = -log [H+] ====> 2.00 = -log [H+] ====> [H+] = antilog (-2.00) = 0.01 M Since Ka (H2S) is extremely small, we may assume the equilibrium concentration of H2S to be equal to 0.10 M; hence, we have Koverall = [H+]2/[Cd2+][H2S] ====> 100 = (0.01)2/[Cd2+].(0.10) ====> [Cd2+] = (0.01)2/(100*0.10) = 1.0*10-5 The concentration of Cd2+ at equilibrium is 1.0*10-5 M (ans)..

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public class Patient extends Person { //=========== Properties =============== private int pId; private String address; //=========== Constructors ============= public Patient(){ super();//set 4 properties to blank pId = 0; address = \"\"; } public Patient(int p,String f,String l,String e, int pi,String a){ super(p,f,l,e);//pass 4 properties to super class pId = pi; address = a; } //=========== Behavior ================= public void setPId( int pi){pId = pi;} public int getPId(){ return pId;} public void setAddress(String a){address = a;} public String getAddress(){ return address;} public void display(){ super.display();//calls display in the super class to display 4 properties System.out.println(\"Patient Id = A\"+getPId()); System.out.println(\"Address = \"+getAddress()); }//end display() public static void main(String args[]){ //Object 1 Patient pa1; pa1 = new Patient();//calls no arg constructor pa1.setPId(900); pa1.setAddress(\"Marietta\"); pa1.display(); System.out.println(\"\ \");//space between to objects //Object 2 Patient pa2; pa2 = new Patient(1234,\"Jimmy\",\"Hawkins\",\"jhawkins@yahoo.com\",901,\"Acworth\"); //calls multi argument constructor pa2.display(); }//end main }//end class Let’s make it so that we can look up and find a Patient in the “Patients.txt” file. The Patients are organized by Patients Code. So we should be able to look in the File for Patient “A900”, and it should give us back all the data about that Patient, like, Patinet Id, etc. So we will need to read from the “Patients.txt” file and select the Patient Id “A900”. The File is delimited by “:”(colons). Take a look at the file. use FileInputStream and Buffered reader to read from the file. Code for testing ‘Select’ that goes in main: Patient p1 = new Patient(); p1.select(“A900”); p1.display(); Let’s also make it so that we can add a new Patient to the “Patients.txt” file.use PrintStream and Buffered writer to write to the file. We should be able to append a new line to the “Patients.txt” file with all the data for a new Patient, like PatientId,etc. Code for testing ‘Insert’ that goes in main: Patient p1 = new Patient(); p1.insert(“A900\",\"1234\",\"Jimmy:Hawkins\",\"Marietta\",\"jhawk@yahoo.com\",\"Cigna\"); //now go look in file to see if new line was added Solution import java.util.*; public class Patient { private int patientId; private String patientName; private String patientAddress; private String patientPhone; private Date patientDOB; public Patient(int patientId, String patientName, String patientAddress, String patientPhone, Date patientDOB) { // initialise instance variables this.patientId = patientId; this.patientName = patientName; this.patientAddress = patientAddress; this.patientPhone = patientPhone; this.patientDOB = patientDOB; } public void setId (int patientId) { this.patientId = patientId; } public void setName (String patientName){ this.patientName = patientName; } public void setAddress (String patientAddress){ this.patientAddress = patie.

public class Patient extends Person {=========== Properties ====.pdf

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8. A human T lymphocyte is infected by a HIV. The viral genome present inside the cell can be any of the following molecules except _________. A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA Solution dsRNA Retroviruses have a single stranded RNA genome. Two copies of the sense strand of the genome are present with the viral particle. When they infect a T cell, the single stranded RNA is converted into dsDNA copy by the reverse transcriptase. Replication and transcription occur from this dsDNA intermediate, the provirus, whihc is integrated into the host cell genome by a viral integrase enzye,..

8. A human T lymphocyte is infected by a HIV. The viral genome prese.pdf

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