Part I: Below is a list of imaginary snecies (A-G) and some of their traits Species Character traits A blue spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, no claws, no horns live birth, tail, carnivore, hair B no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, carnivore, no hair C no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, herbivore, no hair D blue spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, no claws, homs, live birth, tai carnivore, hair E green spots, no scales, red eyes, wings, claws, no horns, live birth, no tail, carnivore, no hair F blue spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, live birth, tail, carnivore, no hair G green spots, no scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, horns, live birth, no tai carnivore, no hair Assume that the ancestor of this group, the extinct lineage at the root of the tree, had the following features: no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, herbivore, no hair. Using these characters and cladistic methods, construct the most parsimonious phylogeny for the group and draw this tree below. Remember that the most parsimonious tree is the one with the fewest possible evolutionary changes (see Ch 2 of Futuyma). Then indicate where each change occurred (i e., where derived character states first appeared) on branches of the tree. Thus, if there was a change from \"claws\' to no claws\' on a branch, you would indicate either \"no claws\' or elaws lost\' (18 points) Solution 1. Development of Horns shows convergence 2. Herbivory is an ancestral feature 3. If species B and C had blue spots rather than no spots and we know nothing about the ancestors, the blue spots would be considered ancestral trait in that case. 4. Yes. Wings in species D 5. Character trait no. 4 is the development of wings. The trait tells us that species D is the most recent species. 6. Polyphyletic clade.

1. Part I: Below is a list of imaginary snecies (A-G) and some of their traits Species Character
traits A blue spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, no claws, no horns live birth, tail, carnivore,
hair B no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, carnivore, no hair C
no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, herbivore, no hair D blue
spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, no claws, homs, live birth, tai carnivore, hair E green
spots, no scales, red eyes, wings, claws, no horns, live birth, no tail, carnivore, no hair F blue
spots, no scales, green eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, live birth, tail, carnivore, no hair G green
spots, no scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, horns, live birth, no tai carnivore, no hair Assume
that the ancestor of this group, the extinct lineage at the root of the tree, had the following
features: no spots, scales, red eyes, no wings, claws, no horns, egg layer, tail, herbivore, no hair.
Using these characters and cladistic methods, construct the most parsimonious phylogeny for the
group and draw this tree below. Remember that the most parsimonious tree is the one with the
fewest possible evolutionary changes (see Ch 2 of Futuyma). Then indicate where each change
occurred (i e., where derived character states first appeared) on branches of the tree. Thus, if
there was a change from "claws' to no claws' on a branch, you would indicate either "no
claws' or elaws lost' (18 points)
Solution
1. Development of Horns shows convergence
2. Herbivory is an ancestral feature
3. If species B and C had blue spots rather than no spots and we know nothing about the
ancestors, the blue spots would be considered ancestral trait in that case.
4. Yes. Wings in species D
5. Character trait no. 4 is the development of wings. The trait tells us that species D is the most
recent species.
6. Polyphyletic clade