Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952).pdf

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Explain the experiments of Griffiths (1928) and Hershey Chase (1952) and discuss the evidence that these experiments provided indicating that DNA is the genetic material in bacteria and viruses. Solution Hershey and chase conducted a series of experiments that confirmed DNA as a genetic material. They inserted radioactive elements in the bacteriophage , now when these bacteriophage infected bacteria , the radioactive element was seen in their progeny. Experiment was performed twice once with phosphorus labeled phage and the other with sulfur labeled phage. Phage coats remained outside the cell whereas the genetic material entered inside. The phosphorus labeled bacteria became radioactive but the other sulfur labeled bacteria was not. Hence this proved that the genetic materia is DNA and not protein because phosphorus is a component of DNA and sulfur is a component of protein..

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Hershay and Chase designed an experiment to determine which molecule acted as the genetic material in ohages.They use the technique know as Radioactive labelling.Here , They used certain radioactive isotopes. Steps used by there experiments: 1.Developed two batches of phages . 2.One Batch-Growth in presence of radioactive phosphorous.Phosphorous is present in DNA but not in bacteri or phage. 3.Second Batch-Grown in presence of radioactive sulphur.Sulphur is found in Proteins but not in DNA. 4.Separetly infected bacteria and measured radioactivity. 5. Result-RadioLabelled DNA infected bacteria by phage become radioactive Hence concluded that during phage infection DNA which are injected are dominant. So, DNA must be the genetic material that works on the bacteria.(reprogram) Solution Hershay and Chase designed an experiment to determine which molecule acted as the genetic material in ohages.They use the technique know as Radioactive labelling.Here , They used certain radioactive isotopes. Steps used by there experiments: 1.Developed two batches of phages . 2.One Batch-Growth in presence of radioactive phosphorous.Phosphorous is present in DNA but not in bacteri or phage. 3.Second Batch-Grown in presence of radioactive sulphur.Sulphur is found in Proteins but not in DNA. 4.Separetly infected bacteria and measured radioactivity. 5. Result-RadioLabelled DNA infected bacteria by phage become radioactive Hence concluded that during phage infection DNA which are injected are dominant. So, DNA must be the genetic material that works on the bacteria.(reprogram).

Hershay and Chase designed an experiment to determine which molecule.pdf

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Harshey and Chase proved that DNA is the genetic material not protein.They labeled DNA and protein of phage with isotopes . Since phosphorus is present in DNA not in protein, he used Phosphorus 32 to label DNA contain in T2 Phage and sulfur 35 to label protein. They inserted both in phage, progeny has isotopes Then labeled progeny were then allowed to infect bacteria .. These bacteria were lysed to release progeny, the progeny of phage labeled 3P remained labeled while 35 S were not labeled. Solution Harshey and Chase proved that DNA is the genetic material not protein.They labeled DNA and protein of phage with isotopes . Since phosphorus is present in DNA not in protein, he used Phosphorus 32 to label DNA contain in T2 Phage and sulfur 35 to label protein. They inserted both in phage, progeny has isotopes Then labeled progeny were then allowed to infect bacteria .. These bacteria were lysed to release progeny, the progeny of phage labeled 3P remained labeled while 35 S were not labeled..

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Week 6 Assignment 2 From your course textbook Case Workbook to Accompany Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, read the assigned case study in the following chapters: · Chapters 9–12, Questions #21–24 In a 4- to 5-page Microsoft Word document, create a work sheet by answering the Questions for Research and Discussion provided for each case study. (Do not answer the multiple-choice questions). Cite any sources in APA format. Learning Outcomes 9.1 Experiments Identify and Describe the Genetic Material 1. Describe the experiments that showed that DNA is the genetic material and protein is not. 2. Explain how Watson and Crick deduced the structure of DNA. 9.2 DNA Structure 3. List the components of a DNA nucleotide building block. 4. Explain how nucleotides are joined into two chains to form the strands of a DNA molecule. 9.3 DNA Replication—Maintaining Genetic Information 5. Explain the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication. 6. List the steps of DNA replication. 7. Explain how the polymerase chain reaction amplifies DNA outside cells. 9.4 Sequencing DNA 8. Explain the basic strategy used to determine the base sequence of a DNA molecule. 9. Explain how next-generation sequencing improves upon Sanger sequencing. image The BIG Picture DNA is the basis of life because of three qualities: It holds information, it copies itself, and it changes. On the Meaning of Gene To a biologist, gene has a specific definition—a sequence of DNA that tells a cell how to assemble amino acids into a particular protein. To others, “gene” has different meanings: To folksinger Arlo Guthrie, gene means aging without signs of the Huntington disease that claimed his father, legendary folksinger Woody Guthrie. To rare cats in New England, gene means extra toes. To Adolph Hitler and others who have dehumanized those not like themselves, the concept of gene was abused to justify genocide. To a smoker, a gene may mean lung cancer develops. To a redhead in a family of brunettes, gene means an attractive variant. To a woman whose mother and sisters had breast cancer, gene means escape from their fate—and survivor guilt. To a lucky few, gene means a mutation that locks HIV out of their cells. To people with diabetes, gene means safer insulin. To a forensic entomologist, gene means a clue in the guts of maggots devouring a corpse. To scientists-turned-entrepreneurs, gene means money. Collectively, our genes mean that we are very much more alike than different from one another. Page 164 9.1 Experiments Identify and Describe the Genetic Material “A genetic material must carry out two jobs: duplicate itself and control the development of the rest of the cell in a specific way,” wrote Francis Crick, codiscoverer with James Watson of the three-dimensional structure of DNA in 1953. Only DNA fulfills these requirements. DNA was first described in the mid-nineteenth century, when Swiss physician and biochemist F.

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