2. China
• Solid Economic
Powerhouse
• U.S.-China Has
Growing Economic
Relationship
• U.S.-China Has Had
Productive Discussions
• Meeting Between
Future Leader Warmer
with Current U.S.
President than the
Present Leader of China
3. China
• Multiple Languages In
China
• U.S. and China have
Major Policy Differences
• China’s Communist
Society
• Establishing a U.S. Army
Bases Equals American
Soil/ Sovereignty within
China
• China’s disregard for
Human Rights
6. India
• 28 states and 7
union territories
• 18 official
languages
• 114 total languages
• 216 mother
tongues and 900
dialects
7. India
• 7th largest country, 2nd
most populous (1.8
billion).
• 1 out of 5 people in the
world = Indian
• Hindi: National
language
• English: commonly
used for national,
political, commercial &
education purposes
10. References
• Callick, R. (2007). The China model. American, 1(7), 36. Retrieved from http://EBSCHOhost
• CIA World Factbook,(2012). Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/ library/publications/the-world-
factbook/
• Gwertzman, B. (2012, May). A "Bumpy" U.S.-Chinese relationship. Council; and Foreign Relations,
n.a.(n.a.), . Retrieved from http://www.cfr.org/china/bumpy-us-chinese-relationship/p28126
• Energy and Economic Relations between China and Central Asia. (May 2012). Business Reference
Service. Retrieved from: http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/asia /Central Asia/overview.html
• Profile: Central Asian Countries. (May 2012). Business Reference Service. Retrieved from:
http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/asia/CentralAsia/centralasian.html
• Fairbank, J., & Goldman, M. (2006). China: A New History. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mayhew, B., et.al. (2010). Central Asia. London: Lonely Planet Publications.
• Nichol, J. (May 31, 2012). Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests.
Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33458.pdf
• Parakhonsky, B. (2010). Central Asia: Geostrategic Survey. CA & CC Press. Retrieved from:
http://www.ca-c.org/dataeng/parakhonsk.shtml
• India (2012)- Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette
• Retrieved on August 23, 2012 from http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/copyright.html
• Asian Info (2012) India’s Religion & Philosophy Retrived on August 23, 2012 from www.asianinfo.org.
• India (2007) the World’s Largest Democracy Retrieved on August 23, 2012 from www.beyondbooks.com
Editor's Notes
The Chinese and the United States have managed to forge workable economic relationship between themselves. While it is noted that there are no current guidelines as to approach talks between the two countries, there does seem to be a glimmer of hope in changing the tone. In February 2012, the man who will become China’s new leader at the beginning of 2013, was said to have a "slightly warmer meeting” with the current United States’ leadership (Gwertzman, 2012). The new leader is said t be a consensus builder and very unlikely to make any drastic changes in Chinese policy. Further, the United States and China have forged a growing economic relationship, both countries are currently interdependent on one another which increases the likelihood of continued smooth areas following turbulent periods. Attempts in encouraging China to become a global partner or a responsible stakeholder have gone unsuccessful. Currently, there are no guiding principles in which to forge ahead.
Currently, there are fourteen regions of China. Each region has its own language and or dialect. Not all citizens of China fluently speak the various languages skillfully; attempts by Americans would most likely fail. The American Army may find it difficult to set-up multiple businesses in crossing these regions. What may work well in Shanghai and Hong Kong may be impossible to duplicate in Caton, Nanjing, or Hefei. Besides all of the political hurdles the United States Army would have to jump across just to begin dialogue regarding the possibility of establishing military bases within China’s border, the multiple language barriers may further stall progress. China would not be a good fit for the United States Army.
In Indonesia alone, there are over 300 mutually unintelligible languages and dialects. The Philippines has 11 languages and 87 dialects. In Malaysia and
Singapore, Tamil and various Chinese dialects are also spoken. Wide-ranging linguistic diversity has lead to the establishment of national languages, namely Filipino (based on Tagalog) in the Philippines and Indonesian (a form of Malay) in Indonesia (Scupin, 2006). Culture is learned from the people you interact with as you are socialized. Culture is also taught by the explanations people receive for the natural and human events around them. Most of the peoples of island Southeast Asia practice bilateral descent. That is, a person’s descent is traced back through both male and female lines and that both Mom’s kin and Dad’s kin are
counted equally as family (Scupin, 2006).
Differentiating culture norms within a multicultural society has an effect on communication. The world has been brought to the doorsteps of the capabilities of multiculturalism thus illuminating worth and value and glamorizing equality and shared responsibilities of two separate yet very similar creatures. Norms exist to guide people’s interactions and to indicate how to engage in conversations, what to talk about, and how to disengage from conversation (Lustig & Koester, 2010). On the Hindu island of Bali, young children are seen as gods, as ancestors reincarnated. Since they are divine their heads must be kept upright at all times, even when nursing (Scupin, 2006).
India has officially 35 different languages with only English being of business and professions. Besides the languages officially recognized by central or state governments, there are other languages which don't have this recognition and their speakers are running political struggles to get this recognition. Central government decided that Hindi was to be the official language of India and therefore it also has the status of official language in the states. (Kwintenssial 2012).
India is based on a government of democracy which is the world’s largest democracy. In the year of 1947 when India gained its independence. From the biggest coalition or party, the Lok Sabha chooses a prime minister. The prime minister does many of the same tasks that the president of the United States does, and works with the Council of Ministers to govern the country. (BB 2007). There are different types of religion in India that are followed by the natives of this country but there are also In the shadow of Hindu dominance, there are a few followers of other beliefs such as Christianity, Sikh and Buddhism. (Asian Info, 2007).
However, the reality of the region poses a number of problems: lack of fiscal resources to establish and promote democracy, slow economic recovery, tremendous refugee issues, and national security considerations. Many of these former republics have little or no experience in democratic reform, have limited resources and infrastructures, and are somewhat unable to advance change at the necessary speed to remain effective. Once the Soviet Union collapsed, many of the countries were left with terrorist and splinter groups, no police or military force, and a severe recession as a result of the vacuum created by fewer, if any, Soviet markets (Central Asian Countries, 2012).
The area is primarily Islamic, with cultural predispositions based on the historical Silk Road. The area has been conquered numerous times by Mongols, Persians, Tatars, and Russians, and thus has a very diverse and vibrant culture. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the area is heavily influenced by Chinese, Turkish and Russian Cultures. Historically, the culture arose from the steppes of Central Asia, with the various political entities and conquests influencing the area (Mayhew, et.al. 2010). Politically, all but China are relatively unstable. The vacuum created by the collapse of the Soviet Union combined with economic difficulties has increased the number of ethnic-related conflicts and dependence on China and Russia for stability. The global economic crisis, however, had major effects on Central Asia both politically and economically, and the current governments are not strong enough to retain democratic control (CIA Factbook, 2012).
The core basis for the area has been agricultural production and extraction of natural resources. However, the major challenge for the area has been to transition from a centrally planned economic structure and Soviet rule to a market-oriented economy. The economic instability is one of the chief causes of political instability and graft in the region (Profile). The Chinese economy, however, has been growing rapidly due to two decades of push and replanning. China is now poised to be a world-power, is investing in most of the world and increasing its exporting, growing its urban population, and thus increasing imports as well. It has transformed from a largely rural, pre-industrial society to a political and economic global force within just a few decades (Fairbank and Goldman, 2006).
