Emerging Economies

Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Coursework
Coursework
Contents
A.In your opinion, what is the future of emerging economies? Support your answer with relevant evidence. (2000 words)3 Introduction4 What are
emerging economies4 Future of emerging economies5 Microeconomic approach6 Long–term economic perspectives7 The "Euro" perspective8 Facts
about the future9 Forecast11 Opinion12 Risks for emerging markets12 B.Critically discuss the factors driving the growth of emerging MNEs. Use
relevant company and country examples. (500 words)14 What are MNEs (Multinational Enterprises)15 Facts about MNEs15 C.How formidable is the
competition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As serial crises tripped up America and then Europe, China barely broke stride. Other big developing nations paused for breath only briefly. Investors
bet that rapid growth in emerging markets was the new normal, while leaders from Beijing to Brazil lectured the world on the virtues of their
state–centric economic models.
More than 80% of the world's population lives in countries with emerging economies.
As we can see in Figure 1, the share of emerging markets in global output has increased from below 20% in the early 90's, to more than 30% today.
Considering the cost of living differences, the share of emerging economies in world GDP already exceeds 45%, which is 13 percentage points higher
than in the early 90's. According to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF), World Economic Outlook, this share will exceed 50% in 2013.
Figure [ 1 ]: Share of emerging economies in world GDP in recent periods
While these economies are already large, they keep growing strongly. Growth in emerging economies and increased resistance to economic and
financial shocks mean good news for the global economy, which can definitely rely on the dynamism of emerging economies more than it did in the
past.

The residents of emerging economies' countries benefited a lot from this rapid growth, as it led
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Case Analysis : Enbridge Inc.
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company intending to build two opposite flowing parallel pipelines, transporting crude oil westbound from the
rich Athabasca tar sands, and natural gas condensate eastbound from the coast of British Columbia. The purpose of transporting bitumen to the west
coast is in order to have an outlet to the Pacific Ocean and subsequently export to the growing Asian oil markets via oil tankers. Alberta's tar sands
are estimated to have 166 billion barrels of proven reserves as of 2014, and production capacity has reached 2.3 million barrels per day (Government
of Alberta, 2014). The "gateway" to the subsequent Asian markets will thus lead to the intensification of oil extraction to a projected 6.2 million barrels
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The project is high risk, high reward for all the stakeholders involved, which is why Enbridge is being held to such a high standard of safety and
security, with the National Energy Board approving the project under 209 conditions. Costs of constructing the pipeline are estimated to range from
$5.5 to $7.5 Billion. Figure 1– Proposed route of Northern Gateway Pipeline in relation to the Alberta tar sands and the Douglas Channel. Alberta's
tar sands are considered one of the largest crude oil deposits in the world, and remain largely untapped. Out of all Canada's current oil exports, 99%
of it goes to the United States (Government of Canada, 2015). This high dependence leaves the Canadian oil industry susceptible to the (lack of)
demand in American markets. The necessity for the emergence of new oil markets is an imperative concern for Canada, considering the proposed
Keystone XL pipeline faces substantial opposition in the U.S that threatens their reliance on the Canadian oil sands. Investment in the project is
mostly from foreign entities, as Enbridge makes up less than half of the partnership. Major investments are coming from Asia's largest refinery
company Sinopec Corp, China's National Offshore Oil Co. that bought out Calgary's Nexen for a reported $15.1 billion in 2013, and PetroChina,
which have a large stake in the new oil sands

Petrobras
9–204–043 REV: MARCH 10, 2004 MIHIR DESAI Drilling South: Petrobras Evaluates Pecom If you live in our neighborhood, you 've got to look at
Argentina. It 's going through a major crisis today, but it is the second largest market in South America.1– Francisco Gros, CEO, Petrobras JoГЈo
Nogueira Batista, Chief Financial Officer of the Brazilian firm Petrobras, reflected on Gros's words as he prepared for a Board of Directors meeting
in July 2002. The main item on the Board's agenda was the proposed acquisition of an Argentinean firm, the Perez Companc Group, or Pecom.2 The
acquisition would significantly increase Petrobras's oil and gas production and add to its oil reserves. It would also provide the mainly Brazilian–based
Petrobras's official monopoly ended in January 2002, when the Brazilian government deregulated domestic prices for crude oil and oil products.
Petrobras's first discoveries were made onshore in the Northeast of Brazil in the 1950s and 1960s. In the mid 1980s, when the giant deepwater
pools in the Campos Basin were discovered and developed, the profile of the company started to shift upstream toward exploration, development,
and production. Upstream and Downstream Activities4 By 2001, almost 50 years after its inception, Petrobras had become a fully integrated oil
and gas company. Petrobras was the seventh largest publicly traded oil and gas company in the world based upon proven reserves, the largest
Brazilian corporation, the third largest Latin American corporation, and the 185th largest global company, by 2001 consolidated revenues. In Brazil,
Petrobras had a dominant position in both upstream and downstream activities. The company's combined oil and gas production was 1,621 tbpd and
it had proven reserves estimated at around 9.3 billion boe.5 (Exhibit 1 provides selected oil and gas data for Petrobras and other oil companies.)
Most of the firm's proven reserves were located in very deep waters (more than 400 meters) and Petrobras was the world's pioneer in deep water oil
exploration and production. Furthermore, with approximately

Analysis Of The Torrance Refinery With 25 Safety Violations
In an earlier report, Cal/OSHA had previously cited the Torrance refinery with 25 safety violations in November 2014 (Kenealy, 2015). Following
the explosion, workers at the refinery voiced their concerns over these past and present violations and even conducted a strike involving 7,000
employees across 15 refineries. The strike was intended to bring awareness to the occupational hazards created by ExxonMobil's failed safety
protocols and procedures. By not addressing these problems earlier when these violations were identified, incidents like the Torrance explosion could
perhaps be resolved before they become troublesome. The failure to do so has cost the company greatly in monetary damages as they pay out fines to
the federal... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With new protocols in place, it is estimated by the EPA that ExxonMobil will spend up to $20 million to upgrade their existing storage units for
wastewater to prevent future contamination of the environment (Fowler, 2013). State courts have also come down on ExxonMobil for not
adhering to environmental codes. ExxonMobil agreed to pay $225 million to the state of New Jersey after it was found that its Linden and
Bayonne refineries had been polluting the surrounding environment (Snow, 2015). The case initially brought forth an $8.9 billion lawsuit against
ExxonMobil for polluting wetlands and bodies of water, but was negotiated and eventually settled between the two parties (Dawsey, 2015). While
the financial impact of this lawsuit is clear, it is also important to note that these standards exist to protect the welfare of ecosystems and the people
and animals who live in them. Government regulation has been shown to be strict in these matters and the result is a crushing economic loss for
ExxonMobil. Moreover, ExxonMobil loses credibility in these regions as residents are made aware of the environmental damages happening in
their own backyards. GROWING PRODUCTION COSTS The phrase, "You have to spend money to make money", is no stranger to the oil and gas
industry. ExxonMobil has seen an increase in its production costs over the past four years as the processes necessary to conduct business have proved
to be more expensive. The very act of drilling

Energy Security in the Asia Pacific Region
ENERGY SECURITY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION To meet China's fast rising energy demands, Chinese leaders exerted great effort with a
market–oriented approach and a state–centered approach. The market–oriented approach look for energy safety by better assimilation of national and
international markets ...state intervention would be restricted to the dispersal of data in a multilateral context, the help of innovation, and, for few
management of a strategic oil reserve which would be applied in case of fleeting supply interruption. In contrast, the state–centered approach is based
upon neo–mercantilist a thought that relies on bilateral diplomatic contacts with oil producing countries to strengthen energy security by the use of
national resource and state–owned enterprise investments in overseas energy resources and firm control of exports and imports of energy products.
Though market–oriented economic change has been the way of post–Mao reforms, the market–oriented approach has not increased momentum in the
energy division because the Chinese leadership has mull over China's energy security tactically 'too significant to be left to market forces alone'.
Taking over offices in 2002, 'President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao decided that securing unwavering supplies of petroleum and added scare
resources was not merely critical to maintained economic development, but also essential to China's national security'. Within 2003, Premier Wen
Jiabao made official a seven small

Petrochina Case Analysis
PetroChina Case Analysis The article "PetroChina: International Corporate Governance with Chinese Characteristics" describes the major concerns
about PetroChina's corporate governance when and after it was listed on NYSE and HKSE, which was the first Chinese state–owned enterprise
launched IPO overseas. This paper is based on the information provided by the article and will discuss in three aspects: Firstly, why corporate
governance was important for China's SOEs? Secondly, what were the special problems associated with PetroChina's corporate governance model and
what could be done to improve it? Finally, the postscript: the things I learn from this case study. Part I Corporate governance is important for
companies all around the world... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So far, it looks like a draw between the Cons and Pros for investing in PetroChina, right? However, what investor should worry was that the
favorable policies or even the whole political atmosphere might change someday, which would become a large political risk. That risk was hard to
be eliminated using portfolio diversification since China was going to become the world's 2nd largest economy and would have enormous impact
on the economy in the rest of the world. In other words, China's market was too large for investors to avoid and if you want to use risk assets from
other areas of the world to diversify the risk from China, the weight of those assets would need to be incredibly too high. Nevertheless, the most
interesting part is that investment may be an art of counterbalance and compromise, when you look at the tremendous market volume and brilliant
prospectus of China's oil and gasoline market. This country has the largest population of 1.3billion, the second longest highways length of almost
100,000 kilometers and the second largest automobile population of 85 million. And it was growing in average 8% during the years. No one wants to
miss the chance to invest in a such economy. As purely international investors with less concern on political right and wrong or environment issues,
driven by profit and price of stocks

Risk of Doing Business in China
Risks in Doing Business in China E &Y China Key Points For multinational companies, China's market has started to come of age. Despite the
opportunities along with China's WTO entry and opening up, doing business in China remains very challenging at the operational level for MNCs.
Regulatory Risks Managing the regulatory environment remains a real issue for foreign firms operating in China. They have to learn how to deal with
red tape, "guanxi (relationship)" and make breakthrough in the thicket of regulations and restrictions. Entry Modes Different entry modes bring
different risks and returns. Foreign enterprises should weigh and balance those risk factors. Mergers and Acquisitions With... Show more content on
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These issues affect all companies, but present the most serious challenge to small foreign firms that are new to China and lack international and
country–specific experience. Larger firms are coming up with strategies to address these issues, if not resolve them. Regulatory Risks – Overview
During the last few years much of the economy has been deregulated, a process that was well under way before December 2001, the date of China's
accession to the WTO. During the 1990s almost all of the former industrial ministries and state commissions were abolished, cutting the number of
institutions and officials at the centre looking to be involved in business affairs. Some old school planning apparatchiks have no doubt survived but
there are fewer options for them to slake their thirst for control. Many state–owned enterprises have been sold off and a large proportion of those that
remain have lost market share to private domestic firms and foreign–invested enterprises (FIEs). China's thicket of regulations has been cut back and
the rules that remain have gradually become more institutionalized. The picture that characterized much of the 1980s and 1990s–everyone from
multinational managers to Chinese officials groping their way forward, often making things up as they went along–is no longer representative of the
business environment. Foreign firms in different sectors have greater understanding of the

China trade performances and policies
NICOLAS RAMON GARCIA Case studies: Trade performance and trade policies of select countries CHINA ID STUDENT 13201433 COURSE
ID 122171 | 122071 OCTOBER 25TH OF 2013 CONTENTS 1. Basics of China A. China in Numbers i. Economy ii. Development iii. Trade and
Investments iv. Consumption Behavior 2. China foreign trade A. Introduction on China trade policies i. China foreign trade in the past years ii. China
foreign trade today B. China trade policies i. Data and facts about China related with international commerce 3. China in the WTO i. A balance of
China in the WTO ii. Trade Barriers 4. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to MOFCOM statistics, the biggest direct investment destinations from China to the EU were Luxemburg, France and the UK. Consumption
Behavior China is the worldВґs largest car market. By the end of 2012 the number of motor vehicles reached 109.4 million in China. China produced
19.3 million cars in 2012. China is the worldВґs largest mobile phone market, with over 1.1 billion subscribers at the end of 2012. China is the second
largest luxury goods market in the world, after Japan, and China is the second largest market for cinema, after the US. Between 1949 and 1979, a
total of 280,000 Chinese travelled abroad. In 2012, 83 million Chinese citizens made journeys abroad. Household consumption as a percentage of
GDP is among the lowest of any major economy, at around 34% in 2011, which remained nearly unchanged since 2006. China foreign trade
Introduction on China Trade Policies China foreign trade in the past year The trade history of China is Important for how it has affected global
production and earnings in poor and rich countries. Many analysts view ChinaВґs recent dominance primarily as the result of the post–1978 reforms.
The overall economic system after 1949 was modeled after the Soviet Union, and raised savings from the rural sector in order to benefit industrial
production. Foreign trade was generally conducted by state enterprises that had limited incentives to operate

The Media Of The Oil Spill Of 2010 From China, The United...
Modern culture thrives on news media as our primary source of information, but this creates an information overload from all of the various
perspectives in coverage. Media coverage is essential is our development and understanding of international affairs. Therefore, the biases in coverage
can have drastic effects in our interpretation of world's news. Countries tend to present their news in a way that favors them and their governmental
responses, but coverage of other nations can be telling of their relations. The use of word choice, tone, and even selective use of quotes can have
drastic effects on people's perceptions of the information from the media. This can be observed in the media analysis of the Xingang Port oil spill of
2010 through news sources from China, the United States, and Ireland. While some nuances of American news media still portray competition between
the United States and China, the portrayal of the oil spill proves that both countries are working toward improving relations with each other.
The relationship between China and United States previous to the spill was pretty stable in regards to oil and energy. But the United States was
feeling increasingly frustrated with the Chinese trade policy as they refused to revalue the Yuan. In 2010, China was both the second largest consumer
and the second largest importer of crude oil behind the United States (Hays). China had begun collecting oil for its national oil reserve in 2004 and
most of this oil is

Exxon Mobile Capstone
MGMT 619: Capstone Spring 2011 Prof. Darrel Mank Prepared by: Kannan Ananthanarayanan Pranav Bhajiwala Foram Gandhi Kristine Garner Rajesh
Goudar Venkat Iyer 1. WALL STREET JOURNAL ARTICLE AND THE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................ 1
WALL STREET JOURNAL ARTICLE......................................................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................................2 Major Issues... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
16 Chemical Industry............................................................................................................................................................................. 16 Primary
Competitors .........................................................................................................................................................16 Oil
..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Natural
Gas....................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Chemicals
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Primary Competitors' Business
Level and Corporate Level Strategy .................................................................................17 How Competitors Achieve Their Strategic Position
...........................................................................................................18 Value– Cost Profile

Annual Report Rolls-Royce
TeAmwork And Technology
Rolls–Royce Group plc Annual report 2010
Trusted to deliver excellence
BUSIneSS reVIew
01 Introduction and highlights 02 Chairman's statement 04 Chief Executive's review 08 Our consistent strategy 20 Market outlook 22 Key
performance indicators 26 Principal risks and uncertainties 28 Review of operations 28 civil aerospace 30 defence aerospace 32 marine 34 energy 36
engineering and technology 38 operations 40 Services 42 Sustainability 48 Finance Director's review
goVernAnce
56 56 58 58 59 62 63 63 64 67 78 80 81 81 Chairman's introduction Board of directors The Group Executive The International Advisory Board
Governance structure Audit committee report Nominations committee report Ethics committee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MATURITY PROFILE OF THE GROUP DEBT COMMITMENTS ВЈm
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ВЈm 01 Rolls–Royce Group plc annual report 2010 1 48
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Governance
Business review
CReate woRld–ClaSS pRoduCtS aNd teChNology INtegRate Complex SyStemS delIVeR global SolutIoNS
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Business review
ChaIRmaN'S StatemeNt
" this has been a testing year, both for the world economy and for Rolls–Royce. I am therefore delighted to report that Rolls–Royce has performed well
in these challenging circumstances."

Business review
the group conducts business on a global basis and has customers in 120 countries. It is this broad

The Berkshire Hathaway Curtain : Lesson From Warren Buffett
Before we examine Berkshire Hathaway and PertoChina financial performance, it necessary to ask first, "What is investing?" According to the book
titled, "Behind the Berkshire Hathaway Curtain: Lesson from Warren's Buffett's Top Business Leaders," Ronald Chan explained the meaning of
investing. He states that investment is, "Consciously paying more for a stock than its calculated value in the hope that it can soon be sold for a
still–higher price." This definition of investing was philosophizing by Warren Buffet's mentor, Benjamin Graham, which has a great, influenced in
making his investments and business decisions as the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. In the article title, "Should We Buy the PetroChina StockWarren
Buffett Sold?", by Chad Brand, he expressed that Buffet sold the PetroChina "too early" (Brand 8). He also states that in his perspective the "bull
market in commodities (including energy) has a lot of time left to go which could push crude oil to $150 or more in coming years" (Brand 8). He
believed that the fair value especially the energy will soar in the future. Generally, Buffet decision to buy the Petro China was praised by many
experts in the financial world. Most analyst view that Buffet key to success was the right choose of picking good stocks in the right time and stayed
with if he sense that it will remain a good company (O'Connell 1). In his success in investing at Petro China made him a 40 billion richer. At the report
by BBC titled," The World

Warren E Buffett, 2005 Essay
UV0016 Version 2.5 WARREN E. BUFFETT, 2005 On May 24, 2005, Warren E. Buffett, the chairperson and chief executive officer (CEO) of
Berkshire Hathaway Inc., announced that MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, would acquire the electric
utility PacifiCorp. In Buffett's largest deal since 1998, and the second largest of his entire career, MidAmerican would purchase PacifiCorp from its
parent, Scottish Power plc, for $5.1 billion in cash and $4.3 billion in liabilities and preferred stock. "The energy sector has long interested us, and this
is the right fit," Buffett said. At the announcement, Berkshire Hathaway's Class A shares closed up 2.4% for the day, for a gain in market value of $2.55
What were Buffett's probable motives in the acquisition? What did Buffett's offer say about his valuation of PacifiCorp, and how would it compare
with valuations for other regulated utilities? Would Berkshire's acquisition of PacifiCorp prove to be a success? How would Buffett define success?
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Berkshire Hathaway was incorporated in 1889 as Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing, and eventually grew to become one of
New England's biggest textile producers, accounting for 25% of the United States' cotton textile production. In 1955, Berkshire merged with Hathaway
Manufacturing and began a secular decline due to inflation, technological change, and intensifying competition from foreign competitors. In 1965,
Buffett and some partners acquired control of Berkshire Hathaway, believing that its financial decline could be reversed. Over the next 20 years, it
became apparent that large capital investments would be required to remain competitive and that even then the financial returns would be mediocre.
Fortunately, the textile group generated Berkshire Hathaway "Class A" vs. S&P 500 Composite Index enough cash in the initial $100,000 years to
permit the firm to purchase two Berkshire Hathaway Inc. "A" insurance companies $10,000 headquartered in Omaha: National Indemnity Company
and National $1,000 Fire & Marine Insurance S&P 500 Composite Index Company. Acquisitions of other

Under The Dome Research Paper
INTRODUCTION
October 29, 2015, the People's Republic of China's (PRC) state–run news agency Xinhua announces the government's plan to end the iconic one–child
policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s, allowing up to two children per family. Originally implemented to preserve economic growth from an
excessively fast–growing population, this new move marks a watershed in China's situation, confronted to a low female–to–male ratio and an aging
population. Yet, despite massive dissuasion campaigns, fines, and forced abortions, flaws in the enforcement of this policy have given way to many
means of bypassing the law. Some hospitals in Southern China propose fertility drugs designed for multiple birth, that is having twins, triplets or
quadruplets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These methods constitute modern examples of the concept at the center of our study: circumvention of established order. By circumvention, we
understand the act of getting around or skirting something, and by order, we mean not only government authority and laws, but also administrative
institutions, traditional economic practices and customs, as well as social and moral standards.
In Under the Dome (з©№йЎ¶д№‹дё‹), a documentary film on air pollution in China released on February 28, 2015, former China Central Television
journalist Chai Jing does not simply blame industrialists responsible for steel and coal factories and state–owned oil and gas companies, mainly China
National Petroleum Corporation and its sub–branches PetroChina and Sinopec. She also, and perhaps most importantly, points out the responsibility of
the government and its Ministry of Environmental Protection, who are unable to enforce environmental regulation and anti–pollution laws in a society
focused on economic performance. Rather than a factual and scientifically–accurate account of China's situation, Ms. Chai's documentary takes on a
simplified but didactic approach and

Financial Analysis of Exxon Mobil Corporation
Introduction
This report consists of financial analysis of Exxon Mobil Corporation and it is based on the company annual report for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2006, on the company's official documents placed at their website and on other appropriate sources. For convenience and simplicity, in this report
the terms ExxonMobil, Exxon, Esso and Mobil, as well as terms like Corporation, Company, their and its, are sometimes used as abbreviated
references to specific affiliates or groups of affiliates.
This report doesn't include calculation of share's fair value and potential of its growth in comparison with current market price, but analysis based
recommendation for Exxon Mobil shares is made in the report conclusion.
Company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two primary factors influenced the market of energy: population and economic output (Exxon Mobil, www.exxonmobil.com). According
to International Energy Agency (International Energy Agency, www.oilmarket.org) global oil product demand will rise up from 84.5 mb/d in 2006 to
86.1 mb/d in 2007, and in forecast for 2030 will grow 1.8% per year. The world oil prices are forecasted to decline from $68 per barrel in 2006 to $49
per barrel in 2014, then rise to $59 per barrel in 2030 ($95 per barrel on a nominal basis). Total world liquids consumption rises to 118 million barrels
per day in 2030.
Analysis of Profitability
General analysis
The analysis of Exxon Mobil was performed on its consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP, where all affiliates with more 50%
control were included. The company didn't have discontinued operations in the reported report, so all activities were continuing operations.
Figure 1
IndicatorsUnit 200620052004Change 06/05Change 06/05, %Change 05/04, %
Total turnoverUSD m377 635370 680298 0356 9551.9%24.4%
Operating revenueUSD m365 467358 955291 2526 5121.8%23.2%
Net profitUSD m39 50036 13025 3303 3709.3%42.6%
Profitability%11.68%10.80%9.29%8.2%16.3%
Capital EmployedUSD m123 855121 291112 6302 5642.1%7.7%
Return on
Capital Employed%32.2%31.3%23.8%02.9%31.5%
Source: Exxon

Petroecuador (Ecuador) and Sinopec (China) Oil Joint Venture
Petroecuador (Ecuador) and Sinopec (China) Oil Joint Venture
Petroecuador and Sinopec agreed to create a Joint Venture that was supposed to be a big opportunity for both, the Latin American and the Asian
country. These two companies are different in many ways, especially in the size of their profitability and technology development.
Sinopec International Petroleum belongs to Sinopec Corp., which is one of the largest integrated energy and chemical companies in China. It business
mainly covers oil and gas activities. It is China 's largest producer and supplier of refined oil products by annual volume processed and major
petrochemical products and its second largest crude oil producer, following Petrochina. In 2007 it was ranked in ... Show more content on
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The president is the one taking the decisions, but he has a person of trust that knows about the area and can give reasonable and appropriate advises.
The United States and the small intern governments of Ecuador can be considered as interested observers. The United States is interested in this
because in the last years the countries of Latin America has been doing what the United States asked them to do and they were in some level their
servants because of the power and the dependency they had o the big supremacy. The United States won't be please to realize that a new emerging
powerful economy is entering in those places where they had a main power. The small governments in Ecuador are also interested observers; because
owing to the fact that Petroecuador is a state–owned company, the profits it gains are suppose to be redistribute to the country in shape of public works.
The process of the negotiation consisted in meetings between the minister of non–renewable natural resources of Ecuador and about twenty Chinese
business representatives of Sinopec in Quito, the capital of Ecuador. The purposes of these meetings were to determinate the common goals and the
outcome of the negotiation for each party. This agreement was signed when the chair of he National Committee of the Chinese Political Consultative
Conference, Jia Qinglinf visited Quito. In this meeting the President, Rafael

Tnk-Bp: Tread with Caution
Page 35
TNK–BP: TREAD WITH CAUTION
Christopher T. Bluhm, Saint Mary's College of California Mary Vradelis, Saint Mary's College of California Catherine Li, Saint Mary's College of
California Brett Threlkeld, Saint Mary's College of California J. Tomas Gomez–Arias, Saint Mary's College of California
CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerns the management of international joint ventures. Secondary issues examined
include: business in Russia; government's intervention in business and how it affects multinational companies; market entry and modes of market entry
decisions;; and dimensions and elements of culture (Fang 2003). The case has a difficulty level appropriate for first or second year graduate level. The
During the war, the British government expropriated the company's assets and sold them to Anglo–Persian in 1917. Over the next decade, gas and
electricity replaced kerosene for home heating and gasoline–fueled trucks competed with railroads and the automobile age had begun. In 1935, Persia
changed its name to Iran and Anglo–Persian changed its name to AngloIranian. Then in 1939 Britain entered World War II and gasoline was rationed.
With the high risk in transporting oil from Iran to the UK, the company increased production at a field in Nottingham, England. The quantities were
small but large enough to help the country get by. The field was one of the best–kept secrets of World War II. After World War II, as Europe rebuilt,
Anglo–Iranian invested in refineries all over Europe and began selling gas in New Zealand. Middle Eastern nationalism was rapidly expanding, and
Britain's control over Iran was rapidly diminishing. In 1951 the Iranian Parliament nationalized oil operations within the country's borders.
Governments around the world boycotted Iranian oil, and within 18 months the Iranian economy was in ruins. Eventually a new arrangement was
worked out with a consortium of companies including Amoco and others running the operation with Anglo–Iranian's stake down to 49%. In 1954 the
board changed the company's name to The British Petroleum Company. In the 1960's, expeditions started finding oil in places like Abu Dhabi, Nigeria
and Libya. In 1965, BP found

What Happened During The Financial Crisis Of 2007-09
Examination Number: B068878
Title of Course: Introduction to Business
The name of your teaching assistant: Yida Zhiu
The date of submission: 09/03/2016
Word count: 2477
Title of Essay: Briefly explain what happened during the financial crisis of 2007–09. Choose any one aspect or question about the crisis which has
attracted attention, and explain the findings of research on this question. Financial Crisis 2007–2009.
When analyzing causes of the global financial crisis and its specific symptoms, it is clear that the deepening of globalization processes and high level
of internationalization of the world economy determined the significant losses of national financial systems and slowed down their development.
The global financial crisis of 2007 – 2009 was a destructive phenomenon, which adversely affected development of the international financial system in
during globalization. This crisis has acquired a global status, as it started in one country (USA), gradually spreading to other countries, regions,
continents and eventually all the world space. According to Bloomberg, the financial crisis in 2007 – 2009 caused damage to banks shareholders worth
more than 690 billion US dollars. In contrast, the total losses in the banking sector worldwide during the crisis in the early 1990s amounted to 200
billion US dollars. The 2007–09 crisis is characterized by a decline in total value of national wealth of the world: from 107 trillion to 50 trillion US
dollars.
Since mid–2007, the

The Pipeline Of Canadian Columbia
Maybe you have never hear of British Columbia, a province which located on the West coast of Canada, but you must hear about his capital,
Vancouver; you may feel unfamiliar about his adjacent province, Alberta, but you must have hear of Canada's oil sand, an unconventional energy which
is produces in Alberta. Rocky Mountains separates British Columbia and Alberta directly. For a long time, Two provinces get along with each other
peaceful and happily. Until a project called "Northern Gateway pipeline" intrudes into people's field of vision. The pipeline plans to start from Alberta,
end up to a tanker port in Kitimat, on the northern coast of British Columbia. The main task of the pipeline project is to proceed an exportation of
Alberta's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a large oil gathering station in the outskirts of Edmonton, all the crude oil from oil field and product oil are swallowed by this western's
largest oil station that owned by Enbridge, then after measure them and exports to the United States. Today, although the operations from Enbridge are
already all around South America, Africa and other countries, the rise of the emerging Chinese market catches Enbridge's eyes, and makes the company
looks to the distant Asia. This "Northern Gateway project" is a giant investment project uses to develop the Asian market. After Enbridge present the
application about the pipeline to the world, it has become a very controversial topic. Different voices come out. Everything has two–sided, positive and
negative impacts are concomitant. Same as the Northern Gateway pipeline, the major benefit for this project is it can facilitate Canadian economy, if it
goes successfully. A roughly preliminary calculation, over 30 years, it worth 300 billion US dollar toCanada's GDP (gross domestic product). For sure,
Enbridge is supposed to give most support in this project, and he is also the biggest and major beneficiary. No matter from which point of views,
Enbridge has enough reason to promote the construction of the pipeline. On the one hand, Alberta reserves abundant of mine, and easy to exploit. Once
the exportation problem solved, it can lead the promotion of local employment within a short time,

Company Analysis : Vacuum Oil Company
History
In 1966, Vacuum Oil Company, which was founded in 1866, changed its name to Mobil Oil Corporation and began an extensive advertising
campaign to accentuate the name "Mobil." In 1972, the company previously known as Jersey Standard, which was one of the companies established
in 1911 as a result of the US Supreme Court decision to break up Standard Oil Company into 34 unrelated companies, changed its name to Exxon
Corporation during a shareholders' meeting (ExxonMobil).
The Merger of Exxon and Mobil Recognizing the need for a large presence in other regions with high potential for gas and oil discoveries, in an
effort to become more effective in the global gas and oil competition, Exxon and Mobil merged to form Exxon Mobil Corporation, on November
30, 1999. Under the contract, Mobil would become a wholly owned subsidiary of ExxonMobil and Exxon would hold 100 percent of Mobil's voting
securities. Common stock holders of Mobil would receive 1.32015 shares of Exxon common stock for each share of Mobil common stock. As a result
of efficiencies of scale, sharing best management practices, and cost savings, management realized that the merged company could more profitably use
its capital than either company on its own. Exxon and Mobil were each very compatible in key areas. For example, as it related to exploration and
production, both the strength of Mobil and Exxon in West Africa, South America, North America, Russia coincided with minimal redundancy. In

Exxon Mobil Financial Anaysis
Table of Contents 1.Introduction1 1.2Corporate Background1 a.Industry2 b.Products2 c.Target market3 d.Competitive environment3 2.Income
Statement Measures and Discussion5 a.Exxon Mobil Income Statement5 b.Net Cash Flow6 c.Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT)6 d.Operating
Cash Flow (OCF)7 2.1Balance Sheet Measures and Discussion8 a.Exxon Mobil Balance Sheet8 b.Net Operating Working Capital (NOWC)8 c.Total
Operating Capital10 d.Net Investment in OPC and Gross Investment in OPC10 2.2Free Cash Flow (FCF)11 3.Financial Ratios12 a.Quick ratio12
b.Debt to total asset ratio13 c.TIE ratio13 d.P/E ratio14 e.Market/Book Ratio14 4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exxon, Esso, and Mobil are three of Exxon Mobil's brands that provide fuels, services and lubricants to fulfill personal and business needs. Their
products drive modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industry and provide petrochemical building blocks that lead to thousands of consumer
goods. c. Target market Exxon Mobil being the world's largest publicly traded international oil and gas company has a very large target market
because they supply a high percentage of the people who use energy on a daily bases. Exxon Mobil's customer mission statement is "Success depends
on our ability to consistently satisfy ever–changing customer preferences. We commit to be innovative and responsive, while offering high quality
products and services at competitive prices." d. Competitive environment
The Major Integrated Oil and Gas industry is a very competitive environment. There is no room for relaxation, for a company to be at the top, they
must always have to strive to make their product or product better. Below is a list of the top ten competitors of Exxon Mobil. As you can see from
the chart below, Exxon Mobil is the leader in this industry and is the largest publicly traded international oil and Gas Company. Exxon Mobil's Net
income compared to its number of employee's is where one can see how much better

Environmental Sustainability And Its Impact On Canadians...
Nearly fourteen years ago, the Calgary–based oil enterprise "Enbridge" announced its most controversial project yet; to build a $6.5–billion oil–duct
from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia (Canadian Press, 2013, para. 1). It was to be named the "Northern Gateway Pipeline".Enbridge
's preliminary announcement on the sixth of March, 2002, not only divided the province of British Columbia on whether environmental or economic
prosperity was more important, but the country of Canada as a whole. Although the name "Northern Gateway" is well–known in many
Western–Canadian households, few truly know the details of what this project entails. Many environmentalists and economists (Mortillara, Nicole,
Global News, 2014) debate the benefits and the negative–impacts that this pipeline will have on Canadians and Canadian society. Others, though, are
trying to understand what steps are being taken to ensure environmental sustainability during construction, and for the many years after its projected
completion.This multi–billion dollar project has many vocal opposers, and a seemingly equal amount of environmental risks that accompanies it, all
adding up to the general consensus that this duct is not worth the economic benefits that it would produce.
Enbridge estimates that 99% of the crude oil from Alberta is transported to the United States. Currently though, America 's demand for imported oil is
decreasing (AsiaPacific.ca/Canadian Oil), as oil–exploitation in the

China Is A Country That Affects The World And The Way...
China is a country that affects the world and the way people live. China has the second largest economy and it grows through time. They have a large
wealth of many minerals and natural resources, which include coal, iron, copper, limestone and much more. These reserves of mineral and natural
resources help provide China with a steady foundation for rapid industrial growth. China is quickly growing and it's population is increasing
enormously. It's booming economy and industry are a huge catalyst for the economic status of many other countries, of those including the U.S.
One of the major ways that China is affecting the world, and particularly the U.S., is the exchange rate. Devaluation, the official lowering of a country
's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, has boosted China 's exports in the past several years. It has also caused Chinese–made goods to be
much less expensive, and U.S. imports, as well as imports from other countries, to become more expensive. Although China's economy is benefitting
from this change, other countries such as the U.S. have been greatly impacted.
China has been growing a lot in the past few years, and most of the products we use in our everyday life are imported from China and their
manufacturers. One very common product most of us use is the iPhone and as you may, or may not know, the U.S. manufactures this product in
China.Why you may ask? Manufacturing an iPhone in the United States would cost about $65 more than

Crude Oil Last 10 Years
INTRODUCTION
The role of petroleum products in our lives is unquestionable. It is safe to say that oil is the cornerstone of our civilization. A pessimist might argue
that without oil our industrial society will collapse and there will be rapid decline in the world population. But again that is a pessimist's view,
personally we would like to think that we will in near future find other energy sources on which we can depend and build our civilization to reach the
next milestone.
In this report we have tried to highlight the fluctuations of crude oil during the period of 2001–10. The scope of this report is limited only to this
period as we believe that events that took place during this decade had the potential to change the oil game so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thus the oil market participants – producers, refiners, marketers, and traders – would not have one of their bases for setting prices in their contracts and
other transactions. It does not appear that the oil industry was materially affected by the closing of the Nymex, which, in any event, resumed all
operations in about one week. While the immediate effect of the attacks on petroleum markets was to drive prices up, market forces – reflecting little
change in supply and demand – acted quickly, and crude oil prices eased within little more than a week. Average crude oil prices paid by U.S. refiners
actually declined for the month of September 2001 – falling to $20.82 per barrel from $24.08 in the previous month.
2002:
After moving lower in 2001, crude oil prices moved higher in 2002 reaching over $30 per barrel in September 2002. Higher prices were supported
by a number of factors. One was the ongoing U.S. war on terrorism and rising tensions with Iraq. There was the likely potential that military action
would be taken against Iraq that would disrupt the supply of crude oil to the market. With that issue still not settled as 2002 drew to a close, crude oil
prices continued to find support.
While there were factors supporting higher prices, there were also factors working against them. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (
OPEC) after a meeting in 2001 agreed that production of oil would be cut. The

Case Study Of Tatweers
Chapter 1
Introduction The main purpose of this study is to know how did Tatweer Company success in the extraction of oil and raw materials; determine the
relationship between the government, the other oil extraction company with Tatweer, and what is Tatweer targeting in Bahrain's field.
In 1925 and on behalf of General Eastern Syndicate, Major Frank Holmes founded the first oil in Bahrain. After two years Major Holmes shifted the
interest to Gulf Oil Corporation, and after one year it have been sold to Standard Oil of California. Within 1932 the first well of oil has been discovered.
In 1936 Bapco Refinery has been chosen and the process of oil refining started in Bahrain. Oil was found on KSA too, and that led Bapco ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using random sampling offers likelihood of bias but with reduced factors. (http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wccindex/wcc–con_toolkit
/wcc–con–toolkit–stage5–guide3.htm)
3.3 Respondents of the Study
The study design consists of survey and interviews which took place in actual fields. The respondents of the study included the managers and
employees of Tatweer. The company managers, employees are those individuals who are directly dealing with extraction of oil and raw materials in the
Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 20 individuals were chosen to represent the respondents group.
The study was conducted on 20 people selected in total from Tatweer company. This study was conducted in kingdom of Bahrain from 2010 December
to 2014 April. The respondents of the study are the employees and the manager of Tatweerpetroleum that is located in kingdom of Bahrain. The
respondents will be males and females who have an adequate knowledge about the topic. All the 20 respondents accepted to answer the questionnaire
which had ease our

CNPC CSR report
2012 Corporate Social Responsibility Report
China National Petroleum Corporation
About the Report
This is China National Petroleum Corporation's seventh annual Corporate Social
Responsibility Report since 2006. This report accurately represents what we did in 2012 to honor our commitments to the economy, the environment
and society. It is important that we provide the following information:
Reporting company: China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
Alternative reference: China National Petroleum Corporation is also referred to in this report as "CNPC",
"the Company", "we" and "us".
Timeframe: January 1 to December 31, 2012. Given the continuity and comparability of the disclosed information, part of the information may ... Show
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As a corporate citizen following high moral and ethical standards, CNPC is committed to honoring its economic, environmental and social
responsibilities, and working with all stakeholders to promote sustainability. We strive to provide reliable and quality products and services, and live up
to the expectations of all stakeholders including investors. We are keenly aware that the Company's sustainable growth can never be achieved without
economic, environmental and social sustainability.
The global energy map is changing. Therefore, how to safely and efficiently deliver oil and gas from resource locations to consumers has become
essential for oil companies. Supported by our industry chain with global reach, in particular the five overseas cooperative areas and three oil and gas
operation centers, we are able to coordinate supply and demand between producing areas and markets through international trade. In 2012, our
international trade volume surpassed 300 million tons for the first time, which helped to balance the global energy market.
Upholding the mission of "Caring for Energy, Caring for You", we aim to build a green, international and sustainable company. We have never relented
in our efforts to ensure stable energy supply, promote green development, advance the development of our employees and support community
development. In this report, we

Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
3Natural Gas Business in Indonesia Introduction Gas is an energy future of Indonesia. It is a fact that cannot be denied anymore. Based on
existing data, throughout 2010 there were new discoveries of gas reserves are significant enough to achieve 2.09 trillion cubic feet, while the
discovery of oil only amounted to 140 million barrels only. On January 1, 2011, proved reserves position and potential of gas in Indonesia reached
153.72 trillion cubic feet of proven and potential reserves and crude oil for 7.41 billion Barrels. (BPMIGAS Bulletin Issue, 2011) If the reserves are
produced with current production levels then the Indonesia's oil reserves will run out for 12 years, while Indonesia's natural gas reserves are still able
to survive... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regional–Owned Enterprises (BUMD / Perusahaan Daerah (Perusda)) are companies established under Law No. 5 Year 1962 concerning Regional
Companies and Minister of the Interior Law No. 3 Year 1998 concerning Form Regional Owned Enterprises BUMD is a company established
pursuant to the Region to conduct business activities. BUMD have the privilege to get gas with direct appointment process but usually BUMD do
not have business experience and have no funds for investment, because of that issues BUMD usually have a partner to do this business. Selection of
Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD) partner in the utilization of natural gas in this case done without an open tender, because it is not regulated in
the Act in the area. The chosen BUMD's partners usually are those who have a network and proximity, and which can bring benefits to both the
benefits for the region and for personal gain. Even though, a new working procedure (No. 029/PTK/VII/2009) has been made by BPMIGAS, the
conduct of unethical business still exists, because the shareholders and stakeholders do not implement a good of governance in their business. There
are two approaches in driving the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG), ethics–based approach and regulatory–based approach.
Ethics–based approach is predominantly driven by

A Comparison of Exxon and Chevron
Executive Summary Exxon and Chevron are no doubt some of the leading incorporated oil companies on the globe. Exxon Corp. is the second
largest oil firm after Royal Dutch Shell, it is respected for getting the biggest revenue return in 2008 which no company in the U.S. have ever
reported before. According to Wilson (2009) Chevron has managed to show a lot of profitability in the market despite the decease in its oil
production. It graded as one of firms which made a billion dollars profit within a week in the period of July to September 2008. Regardless of
profitability trends set by the two oil firms in the U.S. market, they have been facing financial decline like the rest of the companies in other
industries. The two firms are like two sailing ships which are taking longer time to sink. In the last few years, the production capacity of Chevron
and Exxon has decreased and their listings on the stock market have become weak. The continuation of construction and drilling which requires
billions of dollars in expense of oil production might make them experience a bigger financial crisis (Wilson, 2009). Exxon and Chevron are so
different in a number of ways. When you compare Chevron to Exxon, Chevron is a smaller firm. The ratios of Exxon are relatively larger than
Chevron's. Nevertheless, Chevron has a got a wide net working capital and market ratio than its counterpart Exxon. This therefore, means that because
its larger networking capital, Chevron needs a lot of money

Different Sources Of Finance And Different Legal Systems
Question 1 (a): Outline in your own words the key, PRE–IFRS, developmental factors that can differ across countries (e.g. different sources of finance
and different legal systems). In your answer, summarise the differences and any similarities between the development factors of China and Australia.
It seems that the key issue facing global financial markets and international investors is worldwide accounting diversity as considerable differences
exist across countries which inevitably leads to chaos in global capital markets as different amounts are being reported on balance sheets and income
statements (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 23). This type of environment can create extensive opportunities for corruption and poor performance and it is
Source of funding is regarding who owns the shares in the most powerful listed companies within each nation. The major sources of financing for
business are either family members, banks, governments, or shareholders (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 29). For example, due to being a communist
state with very little opportunity for private ownership, China's major company financing is dominated by the Chinese government as well as their
government controlled banks (Fernando, 2010). This can be seen in one of China's largest companies, Petro China, as its controlling shareholder, the
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), is wholly state–owned (PetroChina, 2015). Sources of finance from governments and their government
controlled banks means that there is less pressure for public accountability and information disclosure (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 29). In contrast,
Australia runs a free market economy where private business enterprises seem to dominate. This can be seen in one of Australia's largest companies,
BHP, who are privately owned by millions of dispersed shareholders such as private investors, superannuation funds and corporations (Stockzoa, 2016).
This is important to note as more information is available and demand for disclosure occurs the more privately owned companies are dependent on
funding from the general population (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 30).
The two major types of legal systems

Conoco Phillips Strategic Management
Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendation Report Submittal Date: May 3rd, 2013. Table of Contents 1.Executive
Summary............................................................................................3 2.History / Origins..................................................................................................4
3.Company Split–2012...........................................................................................6 4.Porters Five
Forces.............................................................................................7 a. Barriers to Entry............................................................................. 7 b. Bargaining
Power of Suppliers.............................................8... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
History / Origins According to the company 's website, ConocoPhillips can have its origins traced back to 1875, with the Conoco founder Isaac E.
Blake having the idea to have kerosene available to the public in an affordable way, in the Ogden, Utah region. In the early twentieth century, the
Phillips brothers began drilling with great success. After both companies were strong individual success, they formed a merger ConocoPhillips, with
the strengths of oil and gas that merged in 2002 to form a partnership. Being a strong competitor in the industry, the main competitors include the likes
of BP, ExxonMobil, etc. Although new competition is quite unlikely, ConocoPhillips must be quite cautious in terms of price sensitivity and
integration. The reasoning behind this is the extreme competitive nature of the industry, and the minute differences between the top tiers of
competition. The years leading up to the formation of ConocoPhillips were marked by moments of triumph and challenges. Several of these moments
highlighted both Conoco and Phillips' pioneering spirits. Phillips led the path in innovation by becoming the first company to develop and market
propane for home heating and cooking, building the first long–distance multi–product pipeline and inventing a process to make high–octane gasoline
possible. Conoco used its pioneering spirit to develop the first filling station in the

China National Offshore Oil Corporation: Organizational...
MBA 684 Organizational Analysis| 4/2/2013| Professor Mark Lee | Nick Chen| з›®еЅ• Executive Summary2 Company Overview3 Organizational
Structure4 Organizational Culture and Social Responsibility4 Organizational Strategies5 Opportunities in the Domestic Environment6 Overseas
Acquisitions7 Strength of Organization9 Threat of Organization10 Products and Services Offered by CNOOC11 Information Technology and Control
Systems12 Organization Size and Life Cycle13 Innovation and Change13 Summary of Key Findings14 Figure I16 Figure II17 Figure III18
References19 Executive Summary China National Offshore Oil Corporation is a mega government owned company. The company is the largest... Show
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Nowadays, CNOOC has registered capital of 94.9 billion RMB and current employs 98,750 people and has recorded revenues of 75,514 million
US dollars, which accounts for 44.1 percent of increase from the previous year, and profits of 8,836 million US dollars, which accounts for 22.1
percent of growth from 2011. The company was ranked at 101st in the rankings of Fortune Global 500, compared with 162nd in 2011. The large
number of employees compares with Exxon's number of 99,100. Probably, this is because of the large number of population of China. As a
state–owned enterprise, CNOOC needs to help government deal with the problem of unemployment. Organizational Structure China National Offshore
Oil Corporation (CNOOC) is headquartered in Beijing and has four major branches in mainland China, which are located in Tianjin, Shanghai,
Shenzhen, and Zhanjiang. The branch of Tianjin is mainly responsible for Bo Hai Operation area. The branch of Shanghai is responsible for the East
China Sea. The Shenzhen branch is responsible for the east of South China Sea, and the Zhanjiang branch is in charge of the west side of South China
Sea. In order to enhance implementation of strategies and quality of production and optimize the allocation of resources, the corporation sets up
nineteen separated departments. The whole organizational structure is set as Figure I. Based on the figure

Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
3Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
Introduction
Gas is an energy future of Indonesia. It is a fact that cannot be denied anymore. Based on existing data, throughout 2010 there were new discoveries
of gas reserves are significant enough to achieve 2.09 trillion cubic feet, while the discovery of oil only amounted to 140 million barrels only. On
January 1, 2011, proved reserves position and potential of gas in Indonesia reached 153.72 trillion cubic feet of proven and potential reserves and crude
oil for 7.41 billion Barrels. (BPMIGAS Bulletin Issue, 2011)
If the reserves are produced with current production levels then the Indonesia's oil reserves will run out for 12 years, while Indonesia's natural gas
reserves are still able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Natural Gas Business Scheme
In 2001 to 2008, sales of natural gas from KKKS have never been done in an open tender, natural gas can be sold directly to natural gas distribution
companies without any tender, in other words, KKKS never announced to the media (newspapers, websites etc.) regarding the potential for natural gas
that will be commercialized. Hence, Natural Gas Distribution companies who have network to KKKS will benefit from this kind of process. The
process of selling gas without open tender as mentioned above can lead to unethical business behavior, because KKKS is the only one who gained full
authorization from BPMIGAS to control the commercialization process but KKKS did not doing a transparent business process.
What KKKS doing is not in accordance with the principles of good corporate governance that includes Transparency, accountability, responsibility,
independency, and fairness to attain a company's sustainability by also considering the interests of stakeholders. (Binhaldi, 2006)
To avoid unethical business behavior, commercialization of natural gas process by KKKS must be done transparently. KKKS must Provide timely,
Appropriate, clear, accurate and comparable information accessible to stakeholders that their rights commensurate with (Binhaldi , 2006).
Indonesian Natural Gas Business in 2009 – 2011

In 2009, BPMIGAS issued

Management Styles
The management culture provides the developing direction of a company. It decides the characteristic and company culture in an enterprise. However,
the style can be influenced by certain factors, such as, policy, history background, social system, international competition. In this essay, three
management styles and two company types will be indentified and discussed.
Management style belongs to management strategy; it can be composed of operation strategy, company culture and managers. To be specific, different
management styles have distinct characterizations, which can be divided many particular aspects. For instances, Asian styles of management is
originated from western styles; however, Asian styles and western styles have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This situation can be explained by Chinese mood. Wang (2010) indicated that the cultural background, policy and economic conditions of the country
have suffered Chinese managers to confuse the existed management styles, which requires a new way to get accustomed to modern market. Moreover,
some internal and external factors should be considered between Chinese style and western style.
Paternalism style is used widely in Chinese state–owned company. Firstly, the influence of management style in China is competition. Obviously, as a
most potential international market, more and more western companies enter the local market, like Wal–Mart. The external retail companies including
Hong Kong companies have possessed almost retail market in China. In this circumstance, small–sized private company cannot compete with
magnates; only the state–owned enterprise can rely on the policy to rival magnates in this area. The reason is that western large–scale companies have
developed over many years; some of them have even existed for many centuries, such as Mercedes–Benz. It has long history, 110 years, in the
automotive industry, and has a mature management style and company culture. China also has own automotive industry named Shanghai Automotive,
which has been established 30 years, but the quantity of sales are better than Mercedes–Benz in China, because the company imported the advanced
technology and brand, such as Volkswagen; and it

Warren Buffett 's Investment Philosophy
Warren Buffett's investment philosophy Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway Company 's chief executive, one of the most successful investors in the
world, is a world–famous Finance Expert. He conducted numerous investment with great success. Many people think he is the myth of the investment
community. They want to know Buffett 's investment philosophy. "Over the years, Buffett had expounded his philosophy of investing in his
chairperson 's letter to the shareholders in Berkshire Hathaway 's annual report"1 (Case1 Warren E. Buffett, 2005). In these letters, he clarified the core
of his investment philosophy which is how to get the high return through low risk. This essay will analyse the Buffett 's investment philosophy from
these letters... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Limit the autonomy of enterprises and the use of capital functions. In short, debt financing will increase the risk of debt. Therefore, to avoid the
use of debt financing, debt risk can be controlled at a relatively low level, is conducive to the finally financial sustainability. In this way, an
investment may be in a controlled range of operations, rather than being forced by the debt. This investment philosophy can also be wielded in life.
That suggests people should buy things within their own ability. Buffett's personal life also illustrates this investment philosophy: no loans. As his
advice: Stay away from credit cards (bank loans) and invest in yourself.6 (Elyssa Kirkham, 2017) He "has never borrowed a significant amount – not
to invest, not for a mortgage"7. He said: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you're debt–free, work on saving some money that
you can use to invest.8 Secondly, investors should have correct investing behaviour. That means people should gather enough information and analyse
them before making a correct investment decision. Buffett never makes stock recommendations to others. "Investing behavior should be driven by
information, analysis, and self–discipline, not by emotion or "hunch." 9 Wrote in his chairperson 's letter to the shareholders. This investment
philosophy means an investor should understand the investment environment and make the decision by themselves. In modern society, people are used
to

Fluctuating Fuel Prices
Shane Kearns
Bellevue University
Business Communication
5/29/13
This paper will dicuss the rising prices on fuel over the past few years. It will involve the trucking industry and explain how the rising of gas prices
has effected trucking company. Crude Oil prices have passing over one hundred dollars a barrel. This has effected many independent owners–operators.
This article will dicuss why some independent owners have decided that it is no longer profitable to drive a truck. Some owners have taking a different
approach with the rise of crude oil. The article will discuss how some owners have reduced horsepower in the engines of their trucks in order to
increase profit and have also choice to run day routes in smaller trucks. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rise of crude oil has also effected the sales of trucks. With comapnays no buying or spending as much on a truck has hurt the econonmy. High
desiel prices are a consequence of capitalism. As all fuel prices have been going up people are blaming the federal govenerment. They believe the
president has influence of derterming the outcomes of tensions betwwen Israel and Iran. Some people blame incrased prices based on fears around
the world. It all comes down to one thing to blame, capitalism. Calitalism can be great to an economic system because of its emphasis on efficienc and
inbradible success rate at allowing those who control the means of production and resources to meet the demands of those with purchasing power.
Capitalism is constantly evolveing and will impact the gap between current and future goals on oil prices.
The top five Oil and Gas companies are: Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, National Iranian Oil Company, ExxonMobil and PetroChina. These company
work together by using some sort of scare tatic in order to raise fuel prices. Take ExxonMobil for example, these companys have combinded forces in
the United to States. These companies tell the American people gas prices went up due to the fact that there oil refineories are under maintaince. As a
result gas price increase Where as in the 1990's when these were two serpeate companies they had to compete with each other and prices were much
lower. The growth in capitalism has

Berkshire Hathaway Essay
Berkshire Hathaway From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Type Public (NYSE: BRKA, NYSE:
BRKB) Founded1839 (as Valley Falls Company) Founder Warren Buffett HeadquartersOmaha, Nebraska Area servedUSA Key peopleWarren E.
Buffett (Chairman) & (CEO) Charles T. Munger (Vice Chairman) Industry Property and casualty insurance, Diversified investments Products
Conglomerate focused on insurance Market cap US$ 196 Billion (2008) Revenue в–І US$ 118.245 Billion (2007) Operating income в–І US$ 20.161
Billion (2007) Net income в–І US$ 13.213 Billion (2007) Total assets в–І US$ 273.160 Billion (2007) Total equity в–І US$ 120.733 Billion (2007)...
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Buffett initially maintained Berkshire's core business of textiles, but by 1967, he was expanding into the insurance industry and other investments.
Berkshire first ventured into the insurance business with the purchase of National Indemnity Company. In the late 1970s, Berkshire acquired an equity
stake in the Government Employees Insurance Company (GEICO), which forms the core of its insurance operations today (and is a major source of
capital for Berkshire Hathaway's other investments). In 1985, the last textile operations (Hathaway's historic core) were shut down. [edit] Berkshire
facts Berkshire's Class A shares sold for $125,000 as of September 16, 2008, making them the highest–priced shares on the New York Stock Exchange,
in part because they have never had a stock split. Shares closed over $100,000 for the first time October 23, 2006. Berkshire Class B shares trade
at a fraction (1/30) of the Class A prices. Despite its size, Berkshire is not included in broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500. Berkshire's
CEO, Warren Buffett, is respected for his investment prowess and his deep understanding of a wide spectrum of businesses. His annual chairman
letters are read and quoted widely. Barron's Magazine named Berkshire the most respected company in the world in 2007 based on a survey of
American money managers.[2] As of 2005, Buffett owned 38% of Berkshire Hathaway. Berkshire's Vice
–Chairman

The Nature Of The Forest
The landscape is affected as well. The surface mining requires a large area. With the amount excavated the mine is constantly growing. The area
which the mining takes place in is called the Boreal Forest. This forest is an ecologically diverse natural resource. The forest is a combination of
woodland and wet land, and composes of about thirty percent of the Canadian land mass . The forest is changed when the companies divert rivers
or drain the wet lands. The water effected from the diversion and draining is either used in the plant or pumped to another location. When the
mining of the area is complete the companies plan on creating a new landscape, where wetlands once flourished there will by low lying dry hills.
The forest is also effected it is cut down, and what would be replanted by a logging company, is dug up by surface mines. Once the mining is
complete the soil has changed so much that the once flourishing Boreal ecosystem will be crippled for hundreds of years to come. Wildlife is some
of the most effected, by the Oil Sands. The habitat of many different species is being dwindled. The wet lands that are in the Boreal forest support a
breading ground for many different types of water birds. If this wetland is drained then the population of many water birds is effected. The noise and
sudden presence of humans is another factor driving animals away from there once indigenous lands . Caribou, and Deer have been driven from there
woodland habitat from

Censorship in China Essay
The Freedom of Speech is granted to every American citizen and has been since it was founded in 1776; however, not every nation grants that right.
China, as a communist nation, retains most individual freedom rights from its citizens. Although in the Peoples Republic of China's (PRC) 1982
constitution, people are guaranteed Freedom of Expression and Press; it is often violated by the current corrupt government. The government demands
the news to be 80% positive and 20% negative, altering the facts n occasion. In contrast to that, America has recently become more involved with the
pressing issue as well because of the involvement of Google. Thus it has shined the light on government censorship and corruption. China's government
corruption ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A large focus was placed on companies relating to real estate, land or mineral resources, or real estate. China is currently affected with large
corporations and companies led by corrupt individuals.
The Shanghai (Xinjiang) Riots and Tiananmen Square Massacre were a direct result from government corruption. The Shanghai (Xinjiang) riots
developed around 1994. It began with about 10,000 "incidents" with 730,000 participants, it grew to 74,000 "incidents" with 3.8 million participants.
There have been many casualties or as referred to by the government "incidents" by these riots, in 2000, there were 5,500 and in 2003 there were
58,000. These riots are due to overworked textile workers striking, villagers trying to keep their land from being taking over, but mostly because of
poor victims of the transition to a market economy. This was directly a cause of government corruption due to unequal distribution of wealth and police
abuse. A rioter stated "people can see who corrupt the government is while they barely have enough to eat." However, this problem originated before
those riots occurred. 5 years before that happened; a more famous incident took place, the Tiananmen Square Massacre. July 4th, 1989, thousands of
students gathered outside Tiananmen Square to protest for a more democratic government. Chinese government sent officials

Impact Of Global Financial Crisis And Emerging Markets
Running Head: IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (S&P 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC)1
IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: DEVELOPED (S&P 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC)23
Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Name
Institution
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTERPAGE
ABSTRACT3
CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction1
CHAPTER 2 – Methodology6
CHAPTER 3 –Literature Review24
CHAPTER 4 – Analysis and Results38
CHAPTER 5 – Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation53
REFERENCES31
Abstract
The paper examines the emerging stock markets in BRICS countries based on the existing dependence structure and other global factors such as S&P
index and the security prices ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Impulse response test indicates that a bigger percentage of the countries respond positively to the expected shock immediately and recover in the next
five to seven days

Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Introduction
The BRIC forms an important economic bloc in the global financial market and it is important to understand the impact of the stock index. The
Brazil Russia, India and china represents almost a substantial percentage of the world economy and with a total population of about 40 percent. In
addition more than 20 percent of the world's gross domestic product arises from this four economic bloc countries and it is expected to rise over in
future. It is also known to be a sheer potential in the coming years. It is also foreseen by the UN report on development and sustenance as it is
expected that china is likely to outshine the US economy by 2020 and the BRIC will be one of the G7 by 2032 according to Goldman Sach, 2017. The
recent financial simmer evident indicates that these economies were robust to changes in the economic shocks witnessed between 2000–2010.
According to Goldman Sach, 2017 the report indicates that the contribution of the BRIC to the economy the growth rate in 2007 was approximately
over 40% and the growth rate extended to another economy (Aggarwal, Inclan,

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