Please find the answers and explanations below: Part 1: The sequence of the partent strand is: 5’-ACCTGA TCGGACTGGA-3’. It is well known that the two strands of DNA run anti-parallel and complementarily to each other. Thus, the sequence of the complimentary strand will be: 3\'-TGGACTAGCCTGACCT-5\' Part 2: In opposite orientation, the sequence of complementary strand will be: 5\'-TCCAGTCCGATCAGGT-3\' Part 3: The mRNA is formed complementarily to the template DNA in the 5\'-3\' direction and that the thymidine residues are replaced by uracil. So, accordingly, the sequence of the mRNA template will be: 3\'-UGGACUAGCCUGACCU-5\' Part 4: In Griffith\'s experiments, the non-encapsulated rough bacterial non-virulent colonies and encapsulated smooth bacterial virulent colonies were used to infect mice. The mice was injected with following preparations and their outcomes were: 1. Rough colony: Suvive 2. Smooth colony: Die 3. Heat killed smooth: Survive 4. Heat killed smooth along with live rough: Die Thus, the mice died only on two instances, once injected with smooth virulent bacteria and second when incubated with heat killed smooth virulent and live avirulent bacteria. Part 5: What Griffith found: It was very well known at that time that the bacterial capsule is responsible for preventing lysis of the bacteria in host\'s immune system and thus leading to infection. The incubation of heat-killed smooth virulent bacteria with rough avirulent bacteria killed the mice. This made Griffith think that the heat-killed smooth bacteria might have somehow transformed the non-virulent strain due to transfer of some biochemical information from the heat-killed bacteria. The exact chemical nature of this \"transforming agent was not identified by Griffith but it was much supposed to be protein. Real transforming principle: The real transformation takes place when the genetic information from one cell is transferred to the other cell where it is incorporated into its DNA and expressed in the new cell. This does not include transfer of any proteinaceous material from one strain to the other, but only transfer of nucleic acid takes place. Part 6: After Griffith\'s experiment, the trio of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty determined the correct biochemical identity of the transforming principle. They further extended and verified the Griffith\'s experiment. In their experimental setup, these investigators isolated following fractions from the smooth and rough colonies: 1. Proteinaceous enzyme hydrolyzed fragment of smooth, rough and heat-killed smooth bacteria. 2. Crude proteinaceous fraction from all the three sets. 3. DNA from each set of infectants. 4. DNA fragments duly digested by deoxyribonucleodepolymerase. These fractions were differentially used to infect the mice and they were diagnosed for disease symptoms. It was found that mice carrying the fraction of set 1, 2 or 4 did not show any infection. This suggested that protein was not the source of transformation. Im.

1. Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1:
The sequence of the partent strand is: 5’-ACCTGA TCGGACTGGA-3’. It is well known that the
two strands of DNA run anti-parallel and complementarily to each other. Thus, the sequence of
the complimentary strand will be:
3'-TGGACTAGCCTGACCT-5'
Part 2: In opposite orientation, the sequence of complementary strand will be:
5'-TCCAGTCCGATCAGGT-3'
Part 3:
The mRNA is formed complementarily to the template DNA in the 5'-3' direction and that the
thymidine residues are replaced by uracil. So, accordingly, the sequence of the mRNA template
will be:
3'-UGGACUAGCCUGACCU-5'
Part 4:
In Griffith's experiments, the non-encapsulated rough bacterial non-virulent colonies and
encapsulated smooth bacterial virulent colonies were used to infect mice. The mice was injected
with following preparations and their outcomes were:
1. Rough colony: Suvive
2. Smooth colony: Die
3. Heat killed smooth: Survive
4. Heat killed smooth along with live rough: Die
Thus, the mice died only on two instances, once injected with smooth virulent bacteria and
second when incubated with heat killed smooth virulent and live avirulent bacteria.
Part 5:
What Griffith found: It was very well known at that time that the bacterial capsule is responsible
for preventing lysis of the bacteria in host's immune system and thus leading to infection. The
incubation of heat-killed smooth virulent bacteria with rough avirulent bacteria killed the mice.
This made Griffith think that the heat-killed smooth bacteria might have somehow transformed
the non-virulent strain due to transfer of some biochemical information from the heat-killed
bacteria. The exact chemical nature of this "transforming agent was not identified by Griffith but
it was much supposed to be protein.
Real transforming principle: The real transformation takes place when the genetic information
from one cell is transferred to the other cell where it is incorporated into its DNA and expressed
in the new cell. This does not include transfer of any proteinaceous material from one strain to
the other, but only transfer of nucleic acid takes place.

2. Part 6:
After Griffith's experiment, the trio of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty determined the correct
biochemical identity of the transforming principle. They further extended and verified the
Griffith's experiment. In their experimental setup, these investigators isolated following
fractions from the smooth and rough colonies:
1. Proteinaceous enzyme hydrolyzed fragment of smooth, rough and heat-killed smooth bacteria.
2. Crude proteinaceous fraction from all the three sets.
3. DNA from each set of infectants.
4. DNA fragments duly digested by deoxyribonucleodepolymerase.
These fractions were differentially used to infect the mice and they were diagnosed for disease
symptoms. It was found that mice carrying the fraction of set 1, 2 or 4 did not show any
infection. This suggested that protein was not the source of transformation. Importantly, the
negative result of set 4 suggested that degraded DNA was not a source of infection as well. This
was validated when it was observed that mice recieving the mixture of DNA from the heat killed
smooth colony and rough colony caused infection. This clearly demostrated that killing the
bacteria on heat degraded the protein but the DNA remaind intact which caused infection in the
mice.
Thus, the trio of Avery, MacLeod and MaCarty validated that DNA was the transforming agent
and proteins were not.
Solution
Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1:
The sequence of the partent strand is: 5’-ACCTGA TCGGACTGGA-3’. It is well known that the
two strands of DNA run anti-parallel and complementarily to each other. Thus, the sequence of
the complimentary strand will be:
3'-TGGACTAGCCTGACCT-5'
Part 2: In opposite orientation, the sequence of complementary strand will be:
5'-TCCAGTCCGATCAGGT-3'
Part 3:
The mRNA is formed complementarily to the template DNA in the 5'-3' direction and that the
thymidine residues are replaced by uracil. So, accordingly, the sequence of the mRNA template
will be:
3'-UGGACUAGCCUGACCU-5'
Part 4:

3. In Griffith's experiments, the non-encapsulated rough bacterial non-virulent colonies and
encapsulated smooth bacterial virulent colonies were used to infect mice. The mice was injected
with following preparations and their outcomes were:
1. Rough colony: Suvive
2. Smooth colony: Die
3. Heat killed smooth: Survive
4. Heat killed smooth along with live rough: Die
Thus, the mice died only on two instances, once injected with smooth virulent bacteria and
second when incubated with heat killed smooth virulent and live avirulent bacteria.
Part 5:
What Griffith found: It was very well known at that time that the bacterial capsule is responsible
for preventing lysis of the bacteria in host's immune system and thus leading to infection. The
incubation of heat-killed smooth virulent bacteria with rough avirulent bacteria killed the mice.
This made Griffith think that the heat-killed smooth bacteria might have somehow transformed
the non-virulent strain due to transfer of some biochemical information from the heat-killed
bacteria. The exact chemical nature of this "transforming agent was not identified by Griffith but
it was much supposed to be protein.
Real transforming principle: The real transformation takes place when the genetic information
from one cell is transferred to the other cell where it is incorporated into its DNA and expressed
in the new cell. This does not include transfer of any proteinaceous material from one strain to
the other, but only transfer of nucleic acid takes place.
Part 6:
After Griffith's experiment, the trio of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty determined the correct
biochemical identity of the transforming principle. They further extended and verified the
Griffith's experiment. In their experimental setup, these investigators isolated following
fractions from the smooth and rough colonies:
1. Proteinaceous enzyme hydrolyzed fragment of smooth, rough and heat-killed smooth bacteria.
2. Crude proteinaceous fraction from all the three sets.
3. DNA from each set of infectants.
4. DNA fragments duly digested by deoxyribonucleodepolymerase.
These fractions were differentially used to infect the mice and they were diagnosed for disease
symptoms. It was found that mice carrying the fraction of set 1, 2 or 4 did not show any
infection. This suggested that protein was not the source of transformation. Importantly, the
negative result of set 4 suggested that degraded DNA was not a source of infection as well. This
was validated when it was observed that mice recieving the mixture of DNA from the heat killed
smooth colony and rough colony caused infection. This clearly demostrated that killing the

4. bacteria on heat degraded the protein but the DNA remaind intact which caused infection in the
mice.
Thus, the trio of Avery, MacLeod and MaCarty validated that DNA was the transforming agent
and proteins were not.