HSA 535 RANK Become Exceptional--hsa535rank.com

HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 1CDC and BMA
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HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 1 -
CDC and BMA" Please respond to the following:
From the first two (2) e-Activities, give a synopsis of the various
challenges facing health care professionals, and determine whether or
not you believe these professionals can formulate predictive plans from
both agencies. Be specific, giving supporting rationales for your
observations.
From the third e-Activity, give a comprehensive critiqued evaluation of
your state’s DOH disease-management protocols. Also, from the
analysis of the case study, determine if your state’s standpoint on the
disease is adequate. Be specific, articulating the actions that can be
taken to improve your state’s DOH.
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HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 2CDC, BMA and Your State’s
DOH
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"CDC, BMA and Your State’s DOH" Please respond to the following:
From the first two (2) e-Activities, functioning as an investigator
collaborating with the two (2) agencies to obtain vital statistics on your
particular demographic, you are tasked with obtaining the logistics
and planning phase of the report. Prioritize the items you would
consider when formulating comprehensive letters of inquiry to the
agencies.
From the third e-Activity, suppose you are the County Department of
Health, Director of STDs Tracking and Surveillance System, tasked
with drafting a memo to your state’s head of the DOH about ways to
optimize your county’s efficiency. Prepare a rudimentary list of
possible questions to articulate your concerns. Provide a rationale for
the questions you have chosen.
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HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 1Applications of Epidemiology
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"Applications of Epidemiology" Please respond to the following:

Using the basics and applications of epidemiology from your weekly
readings as a guideline, articulate in your own words the initial steps
you would take in applying techniques in a field investigation of a
childhood disease.
From the first e-Activity, evaluate, from a cost perspective, your state’s
stand on the particular childhood disease you researched, and
recommend at least five (5) steps to optimize on the present plan.
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HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 2Childhood Obesity and
Smoking
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"Childhood Obesity and Smoking" Please respond to the following:
From the second e-Activity, evaluate the efficacy of the steps to
producing a contingency plan for battling childhood obesity. Be
specific.
From the case study and third e-Activity, evaluate the effectiveness of
laws on smoking in your home state. Determine if your state’s

standpoint on smoker-free bars is adequate, in your opinion. Provide
support for your rationale.
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HSA 535 Week 3 Applications of Epidemiology - A Case
Study
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HSA 535 Week 3 Applications of Epidemiology - A Case Study -
The situation at Good Health Hospital has become a bit overwhelming
ever since the outbreak of E. coli in Ward 10 on the second floor. It
appears that there are six (6) cases of the disease. To better understand
the situation, communication with the CDC has revealed that this
particular bacterium can be found in many everyday items. The CDC
recommends that investigation begins in the hospital kitchens, since E.
coli can be transmitted via contaminated vegetables, as well as
delicatessen meats such as salami and other cold cuts. The following
table shows the number of cases identified so far:
Case Age Gender
1 23 M
2 21 F
3 15 M
4 42 F

After meeting yesterday with chief administrator Joe Wellborn, it has
been decided that the litigation issues with one (1) of the patients may
need further information to determine if the patient was already
symptomatic with the bacteria prior to admission.
Research has indicated that hospitals operating in the Tampa Bay area
have been known to have cases of E. coli contamination. This
substantiates the need for further investigations by the County Health
Department.
Due to the severity of the cases, and the potential for further spread, it
is recommended that the hospital seek alternate vending services since
the present suppliers cannot verify sanitation protocols for their
products.
In conclusion, the study done at Good Health Hospital has indicated
that the E. coli outbreak was in fact caused by spoil food from the
cafeteria.
As a social science researcher working for a regional hospital, you are
placed in charge of contacting the DOH from your home state, as well
as the CDC for statistical data on nosocomial diseases that frequently
cause illness at your health care facility. Using information from both
agencies, evaluate the data on common nosocomial diseases and
compile a treatment contingency plan for dealing with the hospital
infections.

Write a five to six (5-6) page evaluation report in which you:
Analyze Good Health Hospital’s records and itemize recent
nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. In your
report, categorize the different parameters (i.e., person, time, place,
ethnicity, and gender) used in the compilation of data into the
information summative.
Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at
Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with
infections from the nosocomial diseases. Rationalize, in your report,
the logic behind your six (6) questions.
Identify a targeted audience within Good Health Hospital, and prepare
an implementation plan based on your hypothetical meeting with the
hospital health care administrator. Propose four (4) steps that will be
useful in the final implementation plan.
Suggest at least five (5) recommendations to your department head
based on the steps taken in the implementation plan. Provide rationale
for your suggestions.
Using these approved recommendations, design a safety protocol
itinerary that must be placed in public access areas of the hospital.
Use at least four (4) peer-reviewed academic resources in this
assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact
Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as
academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with
one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow
APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any
additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
The cover page and the reference page are not included in the
required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment
are:
Examine epidemiology as it relates to population, environment,
transmission, and prevention.
Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in
managerial epidemiology.
Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using
proper writing mechanics.
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HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 1Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome (SIDS)"
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"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)" Please respond to the
following:
From the first e-Activity, evaluate the concepts of incidence and
prevalence in relation to SIDS in children.
From the second e-Activity, analyze and report on the morbidity and
mortality rates of SIDS in your home state. Based on your analysis,
give your thoughts on your findings.
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HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 2Morbidity, Mortality, and
Associated Costs
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"Morbidity, Mortality, and Associated Costs" Please respond to the
following:
From the third e-Activity, suggest at least three (3) financial
management techniques that may be used to deal with the cost of
addressing women’s health.

Based on the financial analysis techniques, suggest a cost-effective
plan that might use this information to track women’s morbidity and
mortality trends in your home state.
From the first e-Activity, evaluate the concepts of incidence and
prevalence in relation to SIDS in children.
From the second e-Activity, analyze and report on the morbidity and
mortality rates of SIDS in your home state. Based on your analysis,
give your thoughts on your findings.
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HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 1Tuberculosis in the Work
Environment
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"Tuberculosis in the Work Environment" Please respond to the
following:
Imagine there has been a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in your office
building. Design a plan to address the prevention of TB in your
particular work environment. Be specific.

Using the epidemiological foundation concepts of person, time and
place, evaluate how you would investigate and report on the
occurrence of TB in your workplace.
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HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 2Mad Cow Disease in the U.S
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"Mad Cow Disease in the U.S." Please respond to the following:
From the case study, evaluate the economic cost to the U.S. due to
investigating Mad Cow Disease, and determine whether or not diligent
monitoring can safeguard against damaging the U.S. meat supplies.
Provide at least two (2) examples to support your rationale.
From the e-Activity, evaluate the cost of treating infectious diseases in
the U.S. compared to the U.K., in terms of person, time, and place.
Discuss the specifics of your findings, determining whether or not the
economic cost is justified.
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HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 1Dengue Fever and Outbreak
Investigations

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"Dengue Fever and Outbreak Investigations" Please respond to the
following:
Suppose you have been tasked with accessing the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) for information on an outbreak of
Dengue Fever in your recently flooded state. Propose key steps in
compiling a report to your local County Health Department. Be
specific.
Report on the key problems facing a researcher seeking data from the
CDC and other sources in an outbreak investigation. Propose at least
three (3) methods for overcoming these problems.
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HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 2E. coli Investigation
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"E. coli Investigation" Please respond to the following:

From the e-Activity, describe the recent outbreak of E. coli you
researched and, through analysis, decide which state had the highest
number of cases of E. coli. Propose an explanation of why this
particular state had the highest number cases of E. coli.
From the e-Activity, evaluate the efficiency of the process in your own
state, town, or community for safeguarding against E. coli.
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HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 1
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HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 1 –
1. Reproductive health studies ____.
2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____.
3. Physical, biological, social, cultural, and behaviors that influence
health are known as ____.
4. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal)
number of individuals within a population, community, or region at
the same time is referred to as an ____.
5. The biological cause of a problem or disease is known as ____.

6. One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of
____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study
and can make an informed decision to participate.
7. Social epidemiology studies ____.
8. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention
efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present,
this is an example of ____ prevention.
9. While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in
developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-
infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology
and ____ are remarkable.
10. Determining the cause of a disease is referred to as ____.
11. The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations,
causative factors, and ____.
12. For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is
called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many
years.
13. James Lind (1716-1794)observed the effect of time, place,
weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____.
14. Risk factors or exposures that we think might affect the outcome
are known as ____.
15. Consider a food borne illness that is being investigated from a
restaurant during a one week period. Anyone who ate at that
restaurant, and had vomiting and diarrhea during that week, could be
considered a(n) ____ even if they had not gone to see their doctor.

16. A person in the population or study group identified as having the
particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is
known as a ____.
17. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually
one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is
known as ____.
18. By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is
determined by the ____.
19. A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the
comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.
20. While many people are used to hearing proportions represented as
a percentage, many population samples in epidemiology are often
presented per ____.
21. The representation of a numerator as a fraction of a denominator
is known as a(n) ____.
22. ____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and
may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one
person through an intermediate item to another person.
23. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____.
24. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____.
25. There is ____ in the overall crude death rate in the United States
from the year 1900 until 1996.
26. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan
Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the
United States.

27. One of the most important emerging problems with the control of
infectious diseases has to do with ____.
28. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths
in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-
59 years old.
29. A(n) ____ is an infected individual capable of transmitting disease
during and after clinical disease.
30. ____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during
pregnancy or delivery.
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HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 2
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1. Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic
approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)?
2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach
(as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?
3. In the Yearly Mortality Bill for 1632, consumption referred to:
4. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?
5. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for (give the
best answer):
6. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera:

7. Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza
mortality may reflect
8. In 1900, the death rate per 100,000 members of the population for
influenza and pneumonia (I & P) was 202.2; it was 22.4 in 2003. How
much did the death rate due to I& P decline?
9. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by pasteurization
of milk
10. The difference between primary and secondary prevention of
disease is:
11. Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women,
illustrate which of the following trends in disease occurrence?
12. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by half-way
houses for persons recovering from addiction
13. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by nutritional
counseling for pregnant women
14. According to the natural history of disease model, the time before
the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of:
15. Beach City has a rising population of 500,000 robust, fertile males
and 450,000 robust, fertile females. If there were 4,000 live births, 3
fetal deaths, and 40 maternal deaths, what is the crude birth rate?
16. The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in
women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely
explanation is that:
17. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a
city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year),
produced the following data for a particular year:

Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month 12,000
Roller-skating injuries in Metroville 600
Total number of residents injured from roller-skating 1,800
Total number of deaths from roller-skating 90
Total number of deaths from all causes 900
18. The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best
determined by:
19. Estimating the frequency of exposure. Is this a use for incidence or
prevalence data?

21. To express the burden or extent of some condition or attribute in a
population. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?
22. To provide a direct estimate of the risk of developing a disease. Is
this a use for incidence or prevalence data?
23. Lung cancer mortality among women is increasing faster than
among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this
increased cancer rate?
24. A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?
25. Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United
States generally show the following sex differences:
26. Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the
breeder hypothesis for schizophrenia?
27. The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of:
28. Which of Mill’s four canons suggests that there is an association
between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?
29. Studies of nativity and migration have reported that:
30. Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the
downward-drift hypothesis for schizophrenia?
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HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 1Vaccinations as a Prophylactic
Measure
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"Vaccinations as a Prophylactic Measure" Please respond to the
following:
From the e-Activity, analyze three (3) different types of children’s
vaccination in terms of the economic cost to the U.S. Based on your
analysis, recommend at least three (3) measures to better disseminate
vaccinations to the public.
Analyze the effectiveness of seasonal flu vaccinations and the cost-
saving benefits to the U.S. working environment in your home state.
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HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 2Study Designs in
Epidemiology
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"Study Designs in Epidemiology" Please respond to the following:
After reviewing this week’s reading material, analyze the various
study designs, and recommend the optimum design for studying an
outbreak of seasonal flu in your home state. Provide support for your
rationale.
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HSA 535 Week 7 Cohort Follow-up Studies Cardiovascular
Disease (CVD)
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HSA 535 Week 7 Cohort Follow-up Studies Cardiovascular Disease
(CVD) -
Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in
Chapter 11 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 7 of
Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment.
Write a 1400 words paper in which you:
Through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management
studies, identify the major causes of CVD, and analyze the key steps,
including current medications, used to address the disease.
Develop at least five (5) leading questions that may be posed to your
local health department in regard to mitigating the proliferation of the
disease. Provide a sound rationale for raising these questions.
Based on the five (5) questions you developed in Question two (2),
provide a rudimentary protocol to disseminate this information to your
local community leaders.
Recommend six (6) steps that may be given to your current or previous
place of employment to prevent the proliferation of CVD. Provide
support for your recommendations.

Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this
academic resources.
are:
Analyze evidence-based management, case-control studies, cohorts
and randomized clinical trials utilized in clinical epidemiology, and
decision making.
Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases.
proper writing m
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HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 1Utilizing Cohort Study
Designs to Track CVD
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"Utilizing Cohort Study Designs to Track CVD" Please respond to the
following:
From the first e-Activity, evaluate the efficacy of the steps in
preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in your home state, and
recommend at least five (5) steps to prevent CVD in your home state.
From the first e-Activity, analyze the information on CVD to
determine some important steps to take when utilizing cohort study
design to follow how diseases develop over time.
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HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 2Tracking Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
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"Tracking Vaccine Preventable Diseases" Please respond to the
following:
From the second e-Activity, analyze your home state’s position on
vaccine-preventable diseases. Based on your analysis, give your
opinion on whether or not you agree with your home state’s position.
Explain your rationale.
From the case study and third e-Activity, suggest at least three (3)
viable ways to utilize cohort study data to track and report on HPV.
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HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 1
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Cancer as a Growing Health Threat" Please respond to the following:
After reviewing this week’s material on cancer, suggest at least two (2)
ways to address and communicate this threat to the public.
Recommend five (5) steps to cancer prevention. Provide rationale for
your response.

Analyze the different types of cancer, and suggest at least three (3)
cost-saving strategies to deal with long-term cancer care. Evaluate the
pragmatic value of early cancer detection.
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HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 2Disease Screening
Methodology
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"Disease Screening Methodology" Please respond to the following:
From the case study and e-Activity, analyze and evaluate the various
measures of screening tests validation, and comment on the efficacy of
screening programs in your community.
From the case study and applying the concepts of sensitivity and
specificity to prostate cancer screening, evaluate the cost effectiveness
of having screenings for men over 50 years of age.
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HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 1Onset of Type 2 Diabetes
(T2D)"

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"Onset of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)" Please respond to the following:
From the e-Activity, evaluate the effectiveness of your state’s plan on
addressing T2D. Suggest at least two (2) recommendations to improve
your state’s current plan. Provide a rationale for your
recommendations.
From the e-Activity, analyze and evaluate the cost effectiveness of
treating T2D in your state. Prepare a five (5) step plan to address the
treatment of T2D in your community. Be specific in your outline.
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HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 2 Environmental Epidemiology
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"Environmental Epidemiology" Please respond to the following:

From this week’s readings, recommend at least five (5) steps to address
toxicological contaminants in the workplace environment.
Analyze the influence of social forces in contributing toward
environmental hazards. Suggest at least two (2) ways to limit this
influence.
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HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 1Epidemiology in a Global
Setting
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"Epidemiology in a Global Setting" Please respond to the following:
After reviewing this week’s readings, analyze the practice of
epidemiology in the U.S. as compared to Third World countries in
general. Suggest at least two (2) steps to improve the practice of
epidemiology in Third World countries. Provide rationale for your
suggestions.

Evaluate the cost effectiveness of using epidemiologic principles as a
prophylactic measure, as opposed to a lack of health oversight in
disadvantaged communities.
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HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 2 Epidemiology as a Social
Science
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"Epidemiology as a Social Science" Please respond to the following:
Analyze the concepts of psychosocial, behavioral, and social
epidemiology, and integrate these concepts into a positive predictor
formula for a healthy community. Recommend at least two (2) steps in
a promulgated plan to disseminate this information to your
community.
Based on your analysis from the previous discussion, suggest which of
the two (2) concepts from psychosocial, behavioral, and social
epidemiology has the most impact on the future of health care in the
U.S. Provide support for your suggestion.
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HSA 535 Week 10 Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial
Causes of Diseases - Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
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HSA 535 Week 10 Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of
Diseases - Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) -
Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in
Chapter 15 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 15 of
Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment.
Write a 1500 words paper in which you:
Analyze the development of T2D in the U.S., and compare its
development to developing countries in general.
Using T2D statistics, compare the rates in the U.S. to the rates in your
home state.
In addressing community concerns, analyze the cost of treating T2D in
your community. Suggest five (5) prudent steps to address the
psychosocial proliferation of the disease. Provide support for your
suggestion.
Propose at least six (6) steps to address T2D in your current or
previous workplace environment, and recommend the one (1) you

believe to be the most important. Provide support for your
recommendation.
Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this
academic resources.
are:
Examine epidemiology, financial management, and cost-effectiveness
analysis.
proper writing mechanics.
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HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 1Looking Back
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"Looking Back" Please respond to the following:
Discuss the single most important or surprising lesson learned in this
course. Explain what made it so important or surprising.
Write a speech that you would give to a friend in an elevator summing
up the contents of this course. You have 30 to 90 seconds to inform
your friend of the most important elements. Go!
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HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 2Leveraging What You’ve
Learned
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"Leveraging What You’ve Learned" Please respond to the following:

Identify at least three (3) key concepts that you have learned in this
course, and explain how those concepts will help you in your current
or future positions.
Suggest how the lessons learned in the course could be applied by
someone not going into the health care field. Provide specific examples
to support your response.
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HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1
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HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 -
1. Social epidemiology studies ____.
2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____.
3. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal)
number of individuals within a population, community, or region at
the same time is referred to as an ____.
4. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention
efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present,
this is an example of ____ prevention.
5. The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n)
____.

6. James Lind (1716-1794)observed the effect of time, place, weather,
and diet on the spread of disease by ____.
7. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one
year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is
known as ____.
8. A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____.
9. A person in the population or study group identified as having the
particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is
known as a ____.
10. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths
in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-
59 years old.
11. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan
Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the
United States.
12. How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United
States for the year 2009?
13. During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized,
____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported.
14. Outbreaks are generally classified as one of two types: ____.
15. Once the population at risk has been identified, it’s finally time to
develop a(n) ____ about the suspected cause of the outbreak and then
test it.
16. The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that combines
antigens for what infectious diseases?

17. Anthrax is caused by ____.
18. Which sub-group is considered at the highest risk for anthrax
infection?
19. In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood
pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____.
20. The brain consists of two major hemispheres, the right and the left,
which are joined by tissue called the corpus callosum. The right
hemisphere controls movements of which part of the body?
21. In 1948, the National Heart Institute and Boston University began
an ambitious project to follow over time a large number of persons
who had not yet developed cardiovascular disease to study the
characteristics of the disease and determine the risk factors. This
project is commonly known today as the ____.
22. Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when
considering men and women combined.
23. What is the overall case fatality rate of lung cancer in the United
States (men and women combined)?
24. In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National
Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome
Atlas?
25. Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____.
26. What is the main prevention measure currently available for Type
1 diabetes?
27. Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the
United States in 2007.

28. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted
through contaminated water or food.
29. Although access to up-to-date computer systems is essential, what
is the major barrier to setting up and maintaining health data in
developing countries?
30. What is the average life expectancy in the United States (as of
2008)?
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HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2
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HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 -
1. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?
2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach
(as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?
3. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera:
4. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization
against rubella
5. The difference between primary and secondary prevention of
disease is:
6. Using epidemiology for operational research involves:

8. The cause-specific mortality rate from roller-skating was:
9. Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age
were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities
households. To compare the frequency of hypertension in the white
and non-white population surveyed, the most appropriate measure is
the:
11. Which of Mill’s four canons suggests that there is an association
between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor?
12. Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose
the incorrect
option):
13. The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of:

14. Which of the following is not one of the four criteria for the utility
of epidemiologic data?
15. Which of the following data sources is most likely to provide a
representative sample of the general health status of a population?
16. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased
number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The
hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor
registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic
cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with
patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All
subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including
alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as
follows:
17. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased
number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The
hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor
registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic
cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with
patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All
subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including
alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as
follows:
18. Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually
include:
19. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a
drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the
drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of
their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single

births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication
history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in
addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug.
[N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed
prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a
complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy.
20. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a
drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the
drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of
their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single
births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication
history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in
addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug.
[N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed
prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a
complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during
pregnancy
21. An ambispective cohort study is also known as a:
22. A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the
general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are
60% and 70%, respectively. Three hundred people are screened at a
clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the
true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%.
23. Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its:
24. Drs. Poke and Jab (2014) conducted an employee health program
that used 5 screening tests at the same time to detect diseases among
workers. Which type of program is this?

25. A person with an inapparent infection:
26. Host factors in the causation of disease include:
27. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology
department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff.
Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever
and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent
laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an
additional 72 cases. The ratio of severe cases to other clinically
apparent cases was:
28. A situation in which the combined effect of several exposures is
greater than the sum of the individual effects:
29. It has been suggested that occupational exposure to benzene in the
petroleum industry increases the risk of developing leukemia. The
levels of benzene to which workers in this industry have been exposed
were high from 1940 to 1970, but since 1970 have been significantly
reduced. What kind of study design, using petroleum workers, would
provide the most useful information on whether benzene affects
incidence rates of leukemia in this industry? You may assume that
records of individual worker assignments to jobs involving benzene
exposure have been maintained by the industry.
30. Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do not include:
Selye’s concept of the general adaptation syndrome did not include:
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