36. Testicular Atrophy
• atherosclerotic narrowing of the blood supply in old age
• the end stage of an inflammatory orchitis, whatever the etiologic
agent
• Cryptorchidism (undescended testes are sterile)
• hypopituitarism
• generalized malnutrition or cachexia
• irradiation
• prolonged administration of female sex hormones, as in
treatment of patients with carcinoma of the prostate; and cirrhosis
50. STAGING
• Stage I: Tumor confined to the testis,
epididymis, or spermatic cord
• Stage II: Distant spread confined to
retroperitoneal nodes below the diaphragm
• Stage III: Metastases outside the
retroperitoneal nodes or above the
diaphragm
54. PROSTATITIS
• ACUTE, usually same as Urinary
Tract Pathogens
• CHRONIC, usually A-bacterial, but
also often recurrent or persistent
from acute
• GRANULOMATOUS, non-TB or TB
55.
56.
57.
58. “BENIGN” Enlargement
• BPH (H= Hypertrophy)
• BPH (H= Hyperplasia)
• Glandular and Stromal Hyperplasia
• “Nodular” Hyperplasia
• Associated with old age
• Associated with urinary obstruction, frequency,
bladder hypertrophy and bladder trabeculations
• By itself, it is NOT premalignant, however….
64. BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR
• NORMAL PROSTATE
• HYPERPLASIA
• P.I.N. (Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia), is like
“dysplasia leading to adenocarcinoma-in situ
• INFILTRATION of “stroma”
• CAPSULE
• LYMPH NODES
• DISTANT, especially BONE
67. TID-BITS• Prostate is #1 most common malignancy in men
but NOT #1 killer. WHY?
• 80% over 80
• Every elderly male presenting with widespread
bone metastases is carcinoma of the prostate until
proven otherwise
• PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) has been
controversial as a screening test but is GREAT for
follow up of a known prostate cancer