School Uniforms 1 2 School Uniforms: Annotated Bibliography Kayla Rineer ENG122: English Composition II Instructor: Victoria Schmidt August 24, 2015 School Uniforms: Annotated Bibliography Working thesis statement: Even though school uniforms violates the student's rights to freedom of expression, it should not matter how a child is dressed because wearing school uniforms encourages discipline and improves attendance, it eliminates bullying and diminishes the economic and social standards between students which causes conflict and the students are in school to learn and receive an education. · Happel, A. (2013). Ritualized Girling: school uniforms and the compulsory performance of gender. Journal Of Gender Studies, 22(1), 92-96. doi:10.1080/09589236.2012.745680 Summary of article: This article gives school uniforms the facts behind the performance of classes and the addition of uniform to the regulations of public schools is viewed as a method for improving ‘the overall school environment and student achievement’ though they review studies which suggest that there is no significant impact on these through the introduction of uniforms. Uniform policies in schools outline a number of reasons for their opposition, such as the limitation of students' rights to freedom of expression. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has voiced their concerns about the cost of uniforms as well as the strict policies that govern the wearing of these. Students who failed to attend school in accordance with the dress code faced a warning, then suspension, going before a disciplinary board, and possible transfer to another school. It all depends on economic standpoints as well. One of the researchers who specifically address gendered issues in school uniforms, argues that dress code policies emphasizing modesty and restraint perpetuate the belief that the girls’ bodies and sexualities are in particular need of control and are dangerous when not restricted. Assessment of article: The author cites all her information she used in the article. She properly cited and the source sounds creditable to use in my paper. Reflection on article: I can claim the facts from this article that school uniforms take away the rights of students expressing themselves. I can also claim that uniforms can help stop bullying and social conflicts between students based off this article. I can also claim that there are a lot of gender roles that play a main part with the school uniforms. · DaCosta, K. (2006). Dress Codes Blues: An Exploration of Urban Students' Reactions to a Public High School Uniform Policy.Journal Of Negro Education, 75(1), 49-59. Summary of article: This article explores the responses of some U.S. urban public high schoolstudents when confronted with their newly imposed schooluniform policy. The study from this article assessed student’s judgements of the policy along with compliance and academic performance. This article indicates that the overwhelming .

1. School Uniforms 1
2
School Uniforms: Annotated Bibliography
Kayla Rineer
ENG122: English Composition II
Instructor: Victoria Schmidt
August 24, 2015
School Uniforms: Annotated Bibliography
Working thesis statement: Even though school uniforms violates
the student's rights to freedom of expression, it should not
matter how a child is dressed because wearing school uniforms
encourages discipline and improves attendance, it eliminates
bullying and diminishes the economic and social standards
between students which causes conflict and the students are in
school to learn and receive an education.
· Happel, A. (2013). Ritualized Girling: school uniforms and the
compulsory performance of gender. Journal Of Gender
Studies, 22(1), 92-96. doi:10.1080/09589236.2012.745680
Summary of article: This article gives school uniforms the facts
behind the performance of classes and the addition of uniform
to the regulations of public schools is viewed as a method for
improving ‘the overall school environment and student
achievement’ though they review studies which suggest that
there is no significant impact on these through the introduction
of uniforms. Uniform policies in schools outline a number of
reasons for their opposition, such as the limitation of students'
rights to freedom of expression. The American Civil Liberties
Union (ACLU) has voiced their concerns about the cost of

2. uniforms as well as the strict policies that govern the wearing of
these. Students who failed to attend school in accordance with
the dress code faced a warning, then suspension, going before a
disciplinary board, and possible transfer to another school. It all
depends on economic standpoints as well. One of the
researchers who specifically address gendered issues in school
uniforms, argues that dress code policies emphasizing modesty
and restraint perpetuate the belief that the girls’ bodies and
sexualities are in particular need of control and are dangerous
when not restricted.
Assessment of article: The author cites all her information she
used in the article. She properly cited and the source sounds
creditable to use in my paper.
Reflection on article: I can claim the facts from this article that
school uniforms take away the rights of students expressing
themselves. I can also claim that uniforms can help stop
bullying and social conflicts between students based off this
article. I can also claim that there are a lot of gender roles that
play a main part with the school uniforms.
· DaCosta, K. (2006). Dress Codes Blues: An Exploration of
Urban Students' Reactions to a Public High School Uniform
Policy.Journal Of Negro Education, 75(1), 49-59.
Summary of article: This article explores the responses of some
U.S. urban public high schoolstudents when confronted with
their newly imposed schooluniform policy. The study from this
article assessed student’s judgements of the policy along with
compliance and academic performance. This article indicates
that the overwhelming majority of students were opposed to and
non-compliant with the schooluniform policy, and that these
responses were unrelated to school performance. Some of the
students give strategies designed to destabilize the policy and to
retain some appearance of freedom and dignity.
Assessment of article: This article is very creditable for my
paper. It gives me the viewpoints of some students that wear the
school uniforms.
Reflection on article: This article gives me the viewpoints of

3. the students who have the wear the uniforms and even though I
have my opinion on it. It’s a good source to see what the actual
students think of the school uniform policy and how they give
ideas that they can still style the uniforms to express
themselves.
· Mitchell, H. W., & Knechtle, J. C. (2003). Uniforms in Public
Schools and the First Amendment: A Constitutional
Analysis. The Journal of Negro Education, (4). 487.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3211199
Summary of article: This article informs me on the history
behind the idea of school uniforms came to existence. It talks
about how it would and wouldn’t affect the first amendment and
the freedom of speech and expression. It talks about how
uniforms help with the control over bulling and victimization. It
also talks about the economic and social well-being of using
school uniforms in public schools.
Assessment of article: The author makes this article very
scholarly with all the facts given. This article is very creditable
and it will help me with my counterargument for my final paper.
Reflection on article: This article gives me the evidence for my
counterargument for my paper. This article gives me the history
behind how school uniforms were put into public schools to
better the environment.
· Bodine, A. (2003). School Uniforms, Academic Achievement,
and Uses of Research. Journal Of Educational Research, 97(2),
67.
Summary of article: Schooluniforms are being in favor of for a
range of social, educational, economic, and familial reasons. In
1998, The Journal of Educational Research (The JER) published
an article by D. Brunsma and K. Rockquemore that claims
that uniforms relate negatively to academic achievement, but
with the data given in this article, there is actually a positive
correlation between uniforms and achievement for the total
sample based on this article. Back in 1988 The JER article, and
on the basis of the same National Education Longitudinal Study:
An Educational Testing Service article reported that no

4. correlation exists between uniforms and achievement. Time has
improved the way the uniforms make a positive environment
socially and economically.
Assessment of article: This article gives me the numbers that I
need in my evidence for my final paper. It is very creditable and
the author wrote it clearly and gave tables of the information. I
find it to be a scholarly article.
Reflection on article: This article gives me the statistics and
numbers I need to support my reasons for school uniforms. It
shows the improvements and achievements with uniforms in
place.
· Wilson, A. M. (1998). Public school dress codes: The
constitutional debate. Brigham Young University Education &
Law Journal, (1), 147.
Summary of article: This article gives me the debate on the
school uniforms and how they are good for students and how
they are bad. It compares and contrasts them with evidence.
Although dress codes are increasing in popularity throughout
the United States, educators do not uniformly agree upon the
benefits produced by these regulations. There is no certainty
that dress codes reduce schoolviolence or improve academic
achievement. Dress codes may contain an inherent racial bias
because they tend to focus on clothing associated with African-
American gangs while ignoring other groups such as white
supremacist gangs. In contrast, schoolofficials who favor dress
codes often contend that they reduce classroom violence and
improve the educational environment. Dress code proponents
frequently assert that dress codes prevent students who are not
involved with gangs from mistakenly being targeted as a gang
member because of their dress. In addition, some educators
report that dress codes reduce the number of fights in schools.
Many educators who promote the establishment of dress codes
also assert that dress codes improve the educational
environment of the classroom by encouraging discipline,
enhancing self-esteem, and promoting unity in the educational
process.

5. Assessment of article: This article compares and contrasts the
opinions of educators and officials of school uniforms, whether
they agree with them or disagree. The author made this article
very creditable.
Reflection on article: The article compares and contrasts the
fact of school uniforms. It gives me arguments from both sides
which is going to be very helpful for my paper. It gives me
evidence by giving me both sides. It gives me the constitutional
rights of the uniforms and how they are implemented throughout
the schools across the US.