Mikologi Dasar merupakan bahan kuliah yang dibawakan pada Blok BMD

1. Mycology
Bagian Mikrobiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Unismuhmochammad hatta@2015

2. The Characteristics of Fungi
• Body form
* unicellular
* filamentous (tube-like
strands called hypha
(singular) or hyphae
(plural)
* mycelium = aggregate
of hyphae
* sclerotium = hardened
mass of mycelium that
generally serves as an
overwintering stage.
* multicellular, such as
mycelial cords,
rhizomorphs, and fruit
bodies (mushrooms)
mochammad hatta@2015

3. The Characteristics of Fungi
• Heterotrophy - 'other food'
* Saprophytes or saprobes - feed on dead
tissues or organic waste (decomposers)
* Symbionts - mutually beneficial
relationship between a fungus and
another organism
* Parasites - feeding on living tissue of a
host.
• Parasites that cause disease are called
pathogens.
mochammad hatta@2015

4. Hyphae
• Tubular
• Hard wall of chitin
• Crosswalls may
form compartments
(± cells)
• Multinucleate
• Grow at tips
mochammad hatta@2015

5. Hyphal growth
• Hyphae grow from their tips
• Mycelium = extensive, feeding web of hyphae
• Mycelia are the ecologically active bodies of
fungi
This wall is rigid Only the tip wall is plastic and stretches
mochammad hatta@2015

6. Modifications of hyphae
mochammad hatta@2015

7. Fungi as infectious agents
• molds & yeasts are widely distributed in air, dust,
fomites & normal flora
• humans are relatively resistant
• fungi are relatively nonpathogenic
• of the 100,000 fungal species, only 300 have been
linked to disease in animals
• fungi are the most common plant pathogens
• human mycoses are caused by both true pathogens
and opportunistic pathogens
mochammad hatta@2015

8. Mycoses
• Most fungal pathogens do not require a host to
complete their life cycles and infections are not
communicable
• Dermaphytes & Candida sp naturally inhabit
human body & are transmissible
• Dermaphytoses most prevalent fungal infection
• Most cases go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed
• Infections can be systemic, subcutaneous,
cutaneous or superficial
mochammad hatta@2015

9. Systemic mycoses caused by
true pathogens
• Thermal dimorphism
• Restricted to certain endemic regions of the world
• Soil is normal habitat
• Infection by inhalation of spores  Pulmonary
infections
* Histoplasma capsulatum
* Coccidioides immitis
* Blastomyces dermatitidis
* Paracoccidioidomycosis brasiliensis
mochammad hatta@2015

10. Levels of invasion
mochammad hatta@2015

11. MIKOSIS
Superficialis Inter-
medi
ate
Profunda
Dermatofitosis Non
Dermatofitosis
Subcutis Sistemik
Tinea capitis
Tinea barbae
Tinea corporis
( T. imbrikata &
T. favosa )
Tinea manum
Tinea pedis
Tinea kruris
Tinea unguium
Pitiriasis versikolor
Piedra hitam
Piedra putih
Tinea nigra palmaris
Otomikosis
Kandidi
asis
Aspergill
osis
Misetoma
Kromomikosis
Sporotrikosis
Fikomikosis -
subkutan
Rinosporodiosis
Aktinomikosis
Nokardiosis
Histoplasmosis
Kriptokokosis
Koksidioidomikosis
Blastomikosis
Fikomikosis -
sistemik
mochammad hatta@2015

12. Antifungal Therapies
• Mycoses are among the most difficult diseases
to heal
* Fungi can often resist the oxidative damage of T
cells during cell-mediated immune responses
* Fungi are biochemically similar to human cells and
antifungal drugs can harm human tissues
• Fungi have ergosterol in their membranes rather
than cholesterol and it is often a target for
antifungal treatment
* Side effects can still result, especially with long-term
use mochammad hatta@2015

13. Coccidioides immitis
Disseminated
coccidiomycosis
mochammad hatta@2015

14. Blastomyces dermatitidis
Cutaneous blastomycosis
mochammad hatta@2015

15. lymphocutaneous
sprotrichosis
Primary sore and series of secondary nodules along lymphatic
chain in the arm mochammad hatta@2015

16. Mycetoma
mochammad hatta@2015

17. Ringworm Tinea capitis – T.corporismochammad hatta@2015

18. Ringworm / Dermatophytosis/T.cruris, T.manuum,. T.pedis
mochammad hatta@2015

19. Tinea
versicolor
mochammad hatta@2015

20. Candida albicans
Thrush
Candidal
diaper rash
Vaginitis
mochammad hatta@2015

21. Cryptococcus neoformans
mochammad hatta@2015

22. Aspergillus
Conjunctival infection Brain abscesses (darkened areas)
mochammad hatta@2015