2. Overview
• The problem of Trafficking
• (Threats: individual rights, exploitation and
national security)
• Geographical viz. Economy unison
• Recent trends of Transnational Organised nature
• Why South Asia?
• (1.5 lakh annually UN Regional Report on South
Asia, UNODC: largest market)
• SHIFT IN APPROACH: RIGHTS BASED
APPROACH
3. The Problem of
Regional Trafficking
Nexus
Indian subcontinent & Transit Regions
(Pak-Gulf & Myanmar-East Asia)
Porous border conditions (Bengal, Assam)
4. • Pre 90s (securing borders against external aggression & national interests )and post 90s (end of cold
war: protection of individuals in relation to state security)
• UN Human Dev Report 1994: “Human Security”
• Root cause redressal: Jennifer Lobasz Treatment by destination country adds to human insecurity
• South Asia: State Security > Human Security
• Need for a Human Security Framework
THE RIGHT BASED APPROACH
5. INTERNATIONAL
UN Convention Against TOC, 2000: Protocol to
prevent suppress & punish trafficking in persons, esp.
women & children
Ratified by only India in South Asia. Even India does
not fulfil requirements: Criminalization & Residence
CEDAW & CRC only ratified by Ind & BD in Indian
subcontinent
Ground Reality: Overlooked international standards
and apply domestic law
REGIONAL
SAARC Convention on Trafficking, 2002:
focus on sexual exploitation leaving other
forms ignored
Non uniformity in domestic laws
Need for revision
Substantive safeguards not procedural
India-BD MoU 2015
Legal Regime
