IODTech.ir white paper

1. 2020 Intelligent and Optimized
Drilling Technology
IODTech
White Paper

2. The Future of Intelligent Drilling and Coring Technologies
Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, and our Digital Twin
Oil and Gas Industry
In collaboration with Well Services of Iran
MAY 2019
White Paper
Implementation of Comprehensive Digital Drilling and Coring
Technologies for Unmanned Interplanetary Exploration System for
Iran's Oil and Gas Well Intervention and Drilling

3. Intelligent and Optimization Drilling Technology ®
IODTech
Tel: +98 9901377600
Email: contact@iodtech.ir
www.iodtech.ir
© 2019 – All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced
or Transmitted in any form or by any means,
including Photocopying and recording, or by
any information Storage and retrieval system.
The views expressed in this White Paper are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
represent the views of the Well Services of Iran
or its Members and Partners.
White Papers are submitted to the Well
Services of Iran as contributions to its insight
areas and interactions, and the Forum makes
the final decision on the publication of the
White Paper. White Papers describe research
in progress by the author(s) and are published
to elicit comments and further debate.

4. CONTENTS
• Founder’s Introduction
• Overview
• Software
• Intelligent Real – Time Optimization Software
• Drilling Software
• Digital Well Intervention and Drilling for Asset Performance Management (APM 4.0)
• Advanced Real-time Monitoring System (ARM)
• How IODTech’s Software Engine Works for Oil and Gas
• Computational Models
• IODTech Data Acquisition and Information Management
• Complete Lifecycle Management for Your Drill String
• Leak Detection Software
• Future
• Digital twin
• Automated monitoring system (AM) of the drilling well using Digital Twin
• Other companies that use Digital Twin in Drilling
• Use of Digital Twin in drilling and well operations
• Summary and Conclusions
• Abbreviations
• Cooperation and Resources

6. “On behalf of the Board of Directors, it is with great pleasure that
I present the IODTech specializes in providing engineering consultancy
and construction services for onshore/offshore cross-country or short
distance Well Intervention and Drilling. We offer multi-discipline support
across the full range of engineering design,project management and
due diligence, Well Intervention , Drilling, SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT
SERVICE, commissioning and operations and maintenance services either
individually or tailored as a complete package.
Dr. Seyed Ali Mohammad Tajalli
FOUNDER’S
INTRODUCTION

7. Overview
Investment Strategy
IODTech adheres to investment policies which it believes are disciplined and prudent in order to develop its investment portfolio and enable the growth of other IRAN
industries and sectors. The principal components of IODTech investment policies are its well-defined and focused strategy, approved and regularly reviewed with its board of directors,
and its investment process. Investment generally focuses on investments, both strategic to the country in order to provide meaningful employment, and economic to provide at least
industry average overall return.
Governance
IODTech has well-established governance standards with clearly defined policies, processes and systems that have been developed to ensure robust accountability
Transparency IODTech recognizes the importance of building a clear understanding of who we are, what we invest in, and why we invest, in order to build trusted relationships with
joint venture partners, the banking community, government bodies, and regulators in IRAN and throughout the world.
With launch of IODTech, the IRAN’s leading automated monitoring and real time optimization
software just got (even) better
We are proud to announce the launch of IODTech, a new and expanded version of our diagnostics module. Using our digital-twin, it is available as an integral part of
our automated monitoring and real time optimization solution. The new version delivers new diagnostics, improved notifications, as well as allowing customer to choose between
diagnostics, first action(s), and/or symptoms as their alert(s) of choice.
Reinventing drilling
Using a digital twin in drilling operations provides you with the tools to prevent hazards, avoid NPT, and optimize drilling performance.
The software detects anomalies at a very early stage, and provide crews with diagnostics messages and notifications in good time to make the necessary adjustments.
It’s forward- and what-if simulations capabilities allows you to change parameters for optimal drilling.
A Digital Twin is the digital representation of your actual well. Used in preparation it enables you to pre-drill your well. Used in real-time operation it enables you to do
forward simulations and what-if simulations to detect mismatch and give input to change the drilling plan – to avoid problems, see and detect operational mismatches, and change
parameters for optimal drilling (drilling the perfect well).
Vision
IODTech aspires to contribute to profitable national economic diversification and growth by achieving sustained performance
Values
Integrity, Ingenuity, Entrepreneurship, Commitment and Accountability

8. Software
IODTech software
IODTech software is a complete well engineering software solution combining the power of multiple packages into one application.
Incorporating Hydraulics, Torque and Drag, BHA Analysis, Survey Correction (SAG / Short Collar / Multi-Station Analysis) & Q.C., BHA Magnetic
Interference Calculator, Casing Standoff & Centralizer Calculator and Jar Placement Calculator, IODTech software provides a comprehensive
engineering package to plan and drill your well successfully.
IODTech software was developed by engineers for engineers to provide the premier engineering software package for the oil and gas industry. With
exceptional functionality and an intuitive yet powerful interface, IODTech software delivers an innovative and cost-effective solution for Operators
and Service Providers alike.
Main features
•Simple to use interface, in a standalone package
•Extremely fast calculations; results for complex BHAs at multiple flow rates / friction factors are calculated in seconds
•Copy and paste data from Well Seeker, Excel, Notepad or any other file type directly into Innova Engineering
•Easy to interpret graphical and numeric outputs available for all calculation modules
•Create professional, user customized reports in both PDF and Excel formats for all outputs
•Detailed Summary Reports for each module
•Fully customizable charts complete with screen reader to allow quick interpretation of generated data
•Overlay data collected from the wellsite against the modelled outputs for quick and easy comparison as well as casing / liner runs
•Supports modelling of complex drilling assemblies with multiple hole opener / under reamer combinations as well as casing / liner runs
•Complete support for complex 3D directional wells
•Import / Export BHA assemblies
•Editable Fluids Library & Components Catalogue

9. INTELLIGENT REAL-TIME OPTIMIZATION SOFTWARE
“Using software that feature artificial intelligence, machine learning, and predictive analytics, will result in real efficiency and
safety gains.”
IODTech will utilize industry solutions to save cost, improve safety, and increase efficiency of their drilling operations.
IODTech is a iran leading supplier of AI, machine learning, and predictive analytics solutions to the oil and gas industry.
We work closely with E&P companies, operators, and service companies to help them save cost, improve safety, and increase
efficiency of drilling operations.
Our mission is to help energy professionals at E&P companies, operators and service companies reach their goals by providing
drilling and well performance solutions needed to better plan, prepare for, perform and evaluate drilling operations.
Prior to operations, IODTech provides you with software to acquire skills and experience on you specific upcoming well,
focusing on risk avoidance and handling. During operations, IODTech software at a very early stage detects anomalies, crews
are provided diagnostics messages and notifications in good time to make the necessary adjustments.
Performance optimization
Our software provides forecasting, forward-looking and what-if analysis, allowing for change in parameters for optimal drilling
(drilling the perfect well).
NPT avoidance
As above, IODTech uses artificial intelligence and predictive analytics to foresee what will happen with your well. Software provides
diagnostics and first actions to the crew (or directly to the control system), in order to change the drilling plan – to avoid problems
Well planning software
IODTech is the complete well planning software solution. Advanced well planning and anti-collision capability coupled with an intuitive interface
Well planning software is the next generation of well planning software.
IODTech Well planning software is a high performance well planning and survey management package designed for use by Directional Drilling
Contractors, Operators and Well Engineering Companies. The software integrates high performance 2D & 3D graphics with a powerful database
engine that allows the user to easily store and visualize their well trajectories as well as perform complex well planning and anti-collision
calculations. Well planning software offers exceptional performance at a competitive price with all the features expected of an industry leading
well planning package.

10. Comprehensive Well Path Planning
Full range of easy to use 2D & 3D well planning methods including:
•Dogleg Tool Face
•Build and Turn
•Optimum Align using Curve-Hold-Curve or Curve-Curve
•Line up on Target at specified inc / azi
•One click S-Well and Slant Well construction
Supports multiple target geometries including:
•Simple 2D circular and Elliptical
•Point & Rectangular
•Complex 3D multi point Polygonal
•Create Drillers Targets based on error models, well trajectory & required confidence
•Supports advanced well planning for all applications; from simple vertical exploration wells to complex multi-laterals
Anti-Collision Tools
•Perform anti-collision scans using industry leading proximity detection algorithm
•Calculate ellipse of uncertainty (EOU) using full range of ISCWSA MWD and Gyro error models
•Error outputs and Centre to Centre distances validated against ISCWSA standard well paths to < 0.1% error
•Anti-collision scans can be run interactively during planning and drilling phases on multiple actual wells / plans
•User defined warning criteria and alerts can be set to notify of potential collision risk
•Casing and hole diameters can be included in separation factor calculation in order increase accuracy. Especially important for top hole
drilling with large diameter surface casing.
•Ability to create custom Instrument Performance Models (IPM)
•Error output sigma level can be selected by the user
•Real Time AC feature allows monitoring of multiple offset wells and distance to lease lines
•Anti-collision tools such as travelling cylinder view and ladder plot update in real time as additional surveys are entered
Advanced anti-collision visualization tools available including:
•Ladder Plot
•Separation Factor Plot
•Travelling Cylinder Plot
Powerful Database
•Built on a powerful database engine which allows storage and navigation for an unlimited number of actual wells and plans
•Easy navigation of database through familiar tree view
•Import and export of data allows easy transfer of wells and plans from office locations to the field
Wellbore Visualization
•Fully customizable, advanced and powerful 3D plotting capability
•Plan View (Top Down) Plot
•Section View (Side On) Plot
•3D Plot
•Spider Plot with interactive TVD slice control
•Azimuth Comparison Plot (Azimuth vs MD)
•Inclination Comparison Plot (Inclination vs MD)
•Dogleg Comparison Plot (Dogleg vs MD)
•Live View Plot
oFly down well’ 3D chart feature
oPrint directly to multiple image formats including PDF / jpg / bmp / png.
oCopy directly to clipboard allowing images to be quickly added to word, excel & PowerPoint documents
oWall Plot Composer (WPC) allows the user to create customisable wall plots which can include data tables.
oPre-defined plot sizes range from A0 to A7 with a user defined option also available.

11. Geomagnetic Modelling
oIncludes World Magnetic Model (WMM) and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model as standard
oSupports British Geological Survey Global Geomagnetic Model (BGGM)
oavailable only to full BGGM license holders
oSupports High Definition Geomagnetic Model (HDGM)
oavailable only to full HDGM license holders
Standard Reporting Features
User defined reports include:
oStandard Survey reports
oGeographic Survey reports
oAnti-Collision reports
oEllipse of uncertainty (EOU) reports
oExports to fully customizable PDF and Excel reports
oWall Plot Composer
oDrill String Editor allows the user to add BHAs to plans and surveys and output excel BHA reports
Integrated Geosteering Functionality
oVisualize formation top and target depths
ocustomizable outputs in both 2D and 3D charts
oProvides clear visual updates of drilling corridor to directional driller
oUpdate and model geological target corridor based on real time updates
oQuickly create offset plans based on real time geosteering updates
Integrated Daily Reporting Features
Fully Integrated within IODTech Well planning software are advanced custom daily reporting and performance reporting features including:
•Daily Drilling Reports
•Daily Cost Reports
•Well Cost Reports
•Tool Inventory
•Tool Utilization Reports
•Pipe Tally
•End of Well Reports
•KPI Tracking
•BHA Reports
•BHA Performance Reports
•Generate and output detailed reports at the click of a button
•Easily create and output custom reports and charts
Additional Features
•Supports data import / export from 3rd party software platforms
•Ability to import COMPASS XML export files at the click of a button
•Supports WITS & WITSML connectivity
•Directional Difficulty Index (DDI) calculator
•Motor Yield Calculator
Additional UI Features
•Copy & Paste - Very quick and easy to add large surveys to the software - copy and paste directly from excel or txt files
•Export files can be generated quickly at any level on the database tree
•Quick and easy to create and switch between new databases
Benefits
•IODTech Well planning software is a full featured directional drilling, well planning and reporting package providing a cost-efficient
solution that raises significantly the standard for well planning software.
•When combined with the IODTech Engineering package, IODTech Well planning software provides both operators and service
providers with a complete software solution for advanced well planning and engineering.

12. DRILLING SOFTWARE
IODTech has developed a suite of functional, low cost but
highly effective drilling software programs. These products
are designed to be used by a broad spectrum of oil field
personnel including Drilling Engineers, Directional
Drillers, MWD Engineers, Well Planners and many more.
IODTech software is a powerful piece of drilling software
designed to aid operators and Service Company’s deal with
the challenges todays drilling industry presents. From the
planner onshore to the field engineers on the rig, IODTech
software provides a complete solution in one simple and
easy to use package.
IODTechsoftwarecombinesthepowerofmultiplepackages
in to one which greatly speeds up the planning process and
removesduplicationofdataentry.WithHydraulics,Torque
and Drag, SAG Correction, BHA Analysis, BHA magnetic
Interference Calculator, Survey Correction & QC module,
IODTech software really is the all in one package to plan
and drill your well successfully.
Features:
T&D
Hydraulics
Survey Correction
SAG Correction
BHA Analysis
BHA Magnetic Interference Calculation
“ This white paper covers four sections
including Well Intervention and Drilling
resources, certification, field tasks, and
records management. Each section provides
an overview of the current state of the
industry followed by guidance to effectively
utilize inspection resources to aid in meeting
regulatory requirements and industry
specifications for the regulatory purpose of safe
Digital asset life cycle management
New digital technologies combined
with data-driven insights can transform
operations, boosting agility and strategic
decision-making, and resulting in new
business models.
Circular collaborative ecosystem
Applying integrated digital platforms
enhances collaboration among
ecosystem participants, helping to
fast-track innovation, reduce costs and
provide operational transparency.
Beyond the barrel
Innovative customer engagement models
offer flexibility and a personalized
experience, opening up new revenue
opportunities for Oil and Gas operators,
and new services for customers.

13. Digital Well Intervention and Drilling for Asset
Performance Management (APM 4.0)
APM is an integrated, enterprise-wide approach to improve
asset safety, reliability, and utilization. Traditional APM involves
manual data collection and spreadsheet analysis; however, digital
technologies and dedicated software have streamlined collection,
storage, sharing, and analysis. Data can now be continuously
acquired even from assets in harsh or remote field environments.
Businesses can store terabytes of data and run computations based
on physics models and probabilistic learning that predict outcomes
and prescribe maintenance.
Predix, a comprehensive application software development kit and
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform with machine-to-
machine-certified hardware options, native asset and time series
services, and predictive analytics frameworks. Industrial leaders
aroundtheworldareadoptingPredix,whichdeliverstheintelligence
needed to transform operations and generate new revenue with its
combination of sophisticated asset modeling, Big Data processing,
analytics, and applications.
Advanced Realtime Monitoring System (ARM)
The ARM consists of the following elements:
• The physical well.
• The digital well (a digital footprint of the physical well) represented by advanced
dynamic mathematical models of most important physical effects during drilling.
• Realtime data from the drilling process. Some of these data are input to the
digital well and drive the progress in time of this.
• Diagnostics module with RT analytics of the combined set of modelled and
measured data from the digital and the physical well respectively.
• Look Ahead module; making automatic predictions ahead of time, based on the
current state of the digital well
• What-if module; which allows forward simulations investigating various
alternatives for drilling ahead
• 2D representation of the RT drilling data as well as modelled data from the
digital well
“IODTech is an international corporation that offers high
technology solutions to help ensure safer, more efficient
operations under extreme and complex conditions. The Group
is a world-wide knowledge based organization with a well-
organized performance culture.

14. How IODTech’s Software Engine Works for Oil and Gas
The Software Engine
IODTech’s software engine is a program developed to calculate mass amounts of data in real-time, using the latest advanced software engineering
techniques. It’s an efficient system where complex and complicated scenarios can be modeled without limitations, dynamically calculating change
of flow paths, decision making paths, and property changes on surface or downhole. Agile where rules and inputs can be defined – such as
equipment and materials properties – and responsive to real-time inputs, the engine can be segmented or augmented for 3rd-party application
integration.
Benefits
Our customers realize the significant benefits provided by our industry leading software engine, such as the flexibility to simulate an unlimited
amount of scenarios, where clients’ models or algorithms can be ingested and protected within the engine. Advanced simulations are built and
automatically calculated within the engine to include scenarios like MPD, Advanced Well Control, Deep Water, HPHT, Extended Reach Drilling.
The engine can also receive inputs and send outputs from multiple sources – external software and hardware – to tailor the experience to your
organization. Test and build your own scenarios from complex fluid flow, either surface or downhole in Unlimited directions, such as Vertical,
Horizontal, through different build rates, or paths such as reverse circulation.

15. Computational Models
Downhole Models
Computational Fluid Dynamics
IODTech’s computational fluid dynamics model consists of an industry leading oil and gas circulation system that solves and analyzes
problems involving fluid flows. Based on proven equations and algorithms, IODTech’s proprietary software engines breaks down each section of
drill pipe and corresponding annulus conditions to the millimeter, which calculates the relationship of velocity, pressure, temperature, and density
of a moving fluid. Our model uses applied mathematics and physics to visualize how a liquid or gas flows, and how the liquid or gas affects the
objects it flows past.
• Hydraulics
The hydraulics model demonstrates the flow and pressure of drilling fluid, which the simulator uses in a multi-layer approach to model
the complex physical phenomena that occur inside the hydraulics system at the core of well control operations. This includes the state, movement,
and interactions between drilling fluid, gas, cuttings, formation, surface and underground
equipment.
•Drilling Fluids
The simulator supports different types of fluids, oil and gas properties. The engine calls on various gas laws and applicable events when
under pressures and temperatures. Many factors are calculated along side the geometric conditions of flow.
Geomechanical Models
IODTech’s mechanical earth models take in account the physical properties and processes of the bit drilling through conventional or
unconventional reservoir types. By computing geological, geophysical, and geomechanical properties the software engine calculates the energy
required to drill through any lithological property, as well as complicated well bore trajectories needed to do it.
• Mechanics
Accepting an unlimited amount of subsurface properties allows the software engine to calculate the drillability of the current rock
formation and provide the energy required to drill into it. Experimenting with different techniques and optimizing drilling rates and parameters
allows users to experience realistic feedback when bit is on bottom.
•3D Torque & Drag
Models the variations in forces and energy affecting the entire drillstring during drilling operations. Using techniques such as Finite
Element Methods, IODTech’s system considers the known inputs and equation solvers, and in this case, models every individual joint of the
drillstring and the relationship between the drillstring and annulus. The engine also considers the geospatial position in three dimensions, and
amalgamates all sets of element equations into the engine for real-time calculations and outputs
Topside Models
Visualizations
•Equipment
The equipment simulator matches the environment and components of land and offshore drilling rigs and integrates standard generic
equipment that can be constructed to function exactly as in the field. The drilling environment contains intricate assemblies working in tandem
for standard and complicated scenarios based on operational parameters.
IODTech’s equipment modeling leverages Hierarchical Finite State Machines (HFSM) which is used to model the virtual equipment. In IODTech’s
software engine, the state of surface equipment can be controlled and observed while the physics engine calculations used by equipment for all
well drilling operations are integrated into the interface. Varying levels of equipment operation tailored to user type, run with both hardware and
software interfaces common to most rig systems
•Geocube
The engine also leverages real-time downhole graphics that provides an actual representation of the subsurface relationships of
formations, well plans, drillstring, casing, casing shoes and the fluid dynamic visualizations within the Drillstring, annulus and formations. The
visualizations provide valuable information and context in different views such as the stick diagram screen and the 3D Geocube. Furthermore,

16. all information available in the paper drill plan or stick diagram can be displayed in the 3D Geocube. The 3D Geocube can be spatially oriented
to show the well trajectory in any angle. The simulator can handle any drill plan that the instructor designs – from simple vertical wells, to more
complex well bore geometries such as build and hold, build and turn, slant hole, horizontal, extended reach, long, medium and short radius builds.
•Graphics
Real-time Lighting Systems and Physically Based Rendering (PBR) Shader Systems, deliver the best appearance possible while operating
at an efficient memory cost. Includes modular land terrain structure, multiple offshore environments, and additional camera angles for an
expanded perspective of the environment. Advanced camera and post-processing effects such as motion-blur, real-time ambient occlusion, and
color grading, among others, are included as well. The optimization has also improved user experience in all deliveries – Simulator installations,
VR and Cloud.
Operations
•User Interfaces
The user interface system monitors and controls the drilling process using real-time models for better control, efficiency, and safety.
Uninterrupted diagnostic control allows early discovery of developing problems through alarms, limits, and visual onscreen cues. The UI system
calculates drilling parameters that the instructor or user sets and enforces them instantaneously.
•AI Path Planning
The engine allows users to become familiar with the management of workers spanning multiple jobs representative of crews during
drilling operations. The integration of workers provides a unique opportunity to train users to recognize and avoid safety risks and injury during
equipment operation. With over 50 unique motion captured animations to provide realistic and adaptive worker movement, intelligent AI helps
lead you through operations, reacting to mistakes and refusing potentially dangerous procedures.
•Physics
On the virtual drill floor the software engine builds physical behaviors within the drilling equipment and interactions between pipe and
other pieces of drilling equipment – or workers – within the environment. The engine detects collisions, near misses and accidents in instances
such as pipe handling mistakes by calculating pendulum, gravity and inertia effects.
•Malfunctions
T he topside model offers an extensive selection of operational and equipment malfunctions to learn from, preparing operators for both
routine and unexpected failures. Workers practice difficult tasks, master correct techniques, and learn how to instinctively and properly react to
situations – like unstable downhole conditions and equipment breakdowns – to prevent accidents and injury.
•Network
The simulator supports multiple computer touchscreen or tablet networked clients where extremely flexible scenarios can be configured.
For example, a Student in the simulator chair, a Supervisor at a desktop workstation or laptop and an Instructor on a tablet can all be viewing data
and interacting with the simulator at the same time and in different ways.
•Analytics
The simulator reporting system collects critical data during the simulation where pertinent drilling trends can be viewed in real-time.
Reporting is easily controlled from the instructor tablet, and the full-scale report can be printed out for review and archival purposes.

17. Data
IODTech Data Acquisition and Information Management
IODTech includes our high-performance drilling fluids, completion services, and solids control and waste management solutions.
IODTech experts work at the wellsite to ensure that operators have the hands-on support they need to bring their wells in on time and on budget.
IODTech provides real-time drilling instrumentation, visualization solutions, and data communication to display and store the data needed for any
rig operation, while our team provides IODTech managed pressure drilling systems, which include chokes, manifolds and control systems that are
fully integrated into the drilling rig.
Site Services offers an extensive range of resources to help manage the full life cycle of the wellsite. From land surveying and location build out
to water treatment and site remediation, Site Services creates a single point of contact for comprehensive site and logistics management, allowing
operators to concentrate valuable resources at the well. Site Services is the home of our Portable Power fleet of generators and temperature control
equipment, as well as our Water Services experts and technologies.
IODTech product line provides real-time drilling instrumentation, visualization solutions, and data communication to support a variety of back-
office information management offerings.
Our modular, scalable solutions are designed to display and store the data needed for any rig operation. Our products feature flexible alarms, concise
information, and many other capabilities that ensure safe, efficient rig operations. We provide access to real-time and historical drilling data through
intuitive software with simple user interfaces, the latest advanced features, and easy-to-use displays.
Our broad range of drilling instrumentation offerings meets worldwide certification requirements, supports industry-standard data protocols, and
has an extensive training and field-operations infrastructure. Our solutions are designed to provide the most accurate and dependable drilling
information to help your teams make confident, well-informed decisions.
Integrated Approach
In an industry like ours, challenge is a constant. Experience has taught us that the best solutions don’t just solve today’s problems;
they anticipate the challenges of tomorrow. Every day, IODTech Wellbore Technologies brings together the best minds and the most advanced
technologies in the business to provide our customers with the best solutions, whatever the challenge may be.
That commitment is in our DNA, and our integrated approach to problem solving means that we can meet even the most challenging demands
head on. Experts from every facet of the drilling process—from site preparation and spud to total depth and clean-up—work together to design,
manufacture, inspect, supply, and support solutions that help drill faster, safer, more efficient wells. The greatest measure of our success is the success
of our customers. No matter the challenge, we stand ready around the world, around the clock to help your operations succeed.
Complete Lifecycle Management for Your Drill String
Around the world, our fluids experts and waste management solutions are helping to minimize the creation of drilling fluid and maximize
its reuse. Our IODTech solids control equipment continues to decrease cuttings volume and treat cuttings to meet the strictest disposal guidelines.
This translates to economic savings and ecological sustainability.
Services for the Well Site
IODTech Wellbore Technologies brought fluids, solids control, and waste management together to reduce costs and protect the
environment. These groups, along with Site Services, comprise our WellSite Services business unit.
Drilling Automation
Our automated, data-driven drilling approach is developing by IODTech experts from downhole technologies, instrumentation, wired
pipe, and rig systems. The system combines industry-leading products and systems with proprietary software and specialists in drilling dynamics
throughout each phase to enhance drilling operations. This innovative approach challenges the traditional services model, and it will change the way
wells are drilled.
Data Management
IODTech Designer Wells are stored in the new Drilling Data Service (DDS) database. This allows cross-disciplinary collaboration via
directdatasharingwithengineersusingtheindustry-leadingIODTechdrillingengineeringdatamodel.Thedrillingdatabaseincludesasophisticated
engineering model of the well, including survey history, positional uncertainty and magnetic declination records. Detailed descriptions of casings,
fluids, assemblies and various properties are stored for use in the drilling engineering applications.
Querying and filtering tools allow rapid selection and loading of large data sets based on a number of well parameters. Advanced data management
tools enable access control to be set for individual wells.
A Drilling Data Manager application is available for those involved in data management to administer drilling databases and control access to well
data.

18. Leak Detection Software
Leak detection system for liquid, gas and multiproduct pipelines
the safety specialist will present the innovative Pipeline
Management Control solution based on a safety controller, with
integrated safe leak detection and leak localisation capability.
Leak detection and localisation systems monitor critical
parameters in pipeline operation and allow leaks to be detected
andlocatedasquicklyaspossible.Uptonow,operatorshaveused
conventional, non-safety-instrumented monitoring systems for
this purpos
IOPTech is a system for pipeline leak detection and localisation
inpipelines.Itisthemostsensitiveinternalleakdetectionsystem
(LDS) available, providing accurate leak information for a high
degree of safety. IOPTech combines the Real Time Transient
Model (RTTM) with a patented Leak Pattern Recognition
module to create an Extended Real Time Transient Model
(E-RTTM). Its multi method leak detection enables oil and gas
pipeline management under both steady and transient pipeline
conditions. This way, the LDS is able to reliably distinguish
between real leaks and imbalance deviations caused by linefill
changes or separation units.
The leak detection system can be retrofitted to existing
pipeline systems. It is designed to be completely redundant and
accesses the data that the existing instrumentation provides.
IOPTech interfaces seamlessly with SCADA and other control
systems. If required, additional flowmeters and other process
instrumentation will also be supplied by many brands.
IOPTech not only involves the necessary hardware and modular
software suite. It also comprises the whole project management
from consultation to instrumentation, integration, service and
support of the LDS.
E-RTTM (Extended Real Time Transient Model) based leak detection
and localisation.
Highly accurate and extremely reliable leak information.Completely
independent solution or integrated into existing instrumentation and
control systems.
IOPTech Application Inspector – Foundational Information
Authority
Code of Conduct
Worker, Site, and Construction Safety
Environmental Considerations
Execution of Work
Administration of Contractual Obligations
Records Management
Personnel Qualifications and Certifications
Equipment Calibration
Incident Reporting
Application
Time-Varying Module
Regulator Station Module
Multi-Phase Module
Automated Design Module
Customer Management Module
Optimization Module
Facilities Management Module
Leakage Minimization Module
Cost of Service Module

19. Future
Digital twins
Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, and our Digital Twin
A Digital Twin is the digital representation of your actual well. Used in preparation it enables you to pre-drill your well. Used in real-time
operation it enables you to do forward simulations and what-if simulations to detect mismatch and give input to change the drilling plan – to avoid
problems, see and detect operational mismatches, and change parameters for optimal drilling (drilling the perfect well).
Hazard prevention
Prior to operations, IODTech provides you with software to acquire skills and experience on you specific upcoming well, focusing on risk
avoidance and handling. During operations, IODTech software at a very early stage detects anomalies, crews are provided diagnostics messages and
notifications in good time to make the necessary adjustments.
Performance optimization
Our software provides forecasting, forward-looking and what-if analysis, allowing for change in parameters for optimal drilling (drilling
the perfect well).
NPT avoidance
As above, IODTech uses aritifical intelligence and predictive analytics to foresee what will happen with your well. Software provides
diagnostics and first actions to the crew (or directly to the control system), in order to change the drilling plan – to avoid problems
Drilling Plan Optimization
Using dynamic simulations to provide accurate modelling, our well Planner addresses the industry’s need to improve safety margins and
reduce and rid themselves of risk, as well as the need to drastically reduce well planning time.
Automated Monitoring and Real Time Optimization
IODTech’s software solution for automated monitoring, real-time optimization, and live well support. It is designed for use on rig, in Real
Time Decision Support Centers, and for any other individual or teams supporting live drilling operations. It is also the foundation of any viable
rig-side automation
Automated Drilling Control
Utilizing the same artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies in IODTech, integrated with the rig’s Drilling Control System,
our automated drilling control software will help keeping the operational parameters according to well limits. Enabling drillers to increase safety and
optimize the performance of drilling operations.
Dynamic Well Control
IODTech is our solution for dynamic well control engineering for planning and operations. It helps you minimize downtime and make
the right decisions, by providing design and implementation of a safe and effective well control operation.
Drill Well in Simulator
IODTech is the software product family for engineering and training of all well engineering disciplines. By improving insight and
understanding of dynamic well behavior, it has the potential to change the ways Real-Time
Managed Pressure Drilling
Our IODTech improves any MPD control system to better keep a constant bottom hole pressure during MPD-operations and perform
planning with an offline model. IODTech provides real-time set points to the MPD control system, based on dynamic real-time simulation,
calibrated against downhole measurements. It is complemented with an offline simulation tool, IODTech Offline, to use in engineering and planning
of the MPD operation. our plan and drill your complex wells.

21. With launch of IODTech, the IRAN’s leading automated monitoring and real time optimization
software just got (even) better
We are proud to announce the launch of IODTech, a new and expanded version of our diagnostics module. Using our
digital-twin, it is available as an integral part of our automated monitoring and real time optimization solution. The new version
delivers new diagnostics, improved notifications, as well as allowing customer to choose between diagnostics, first action(s),
and/or symptoms as their alert(s) of choice.
Reinventing drilling
Using a digital twin in drilling operations provides you with the tools to prevent hazards, avoid NPT, and optimize drilling
performance.
The software detects anomalies at a very early stage, and provide crews with diagnostics messages and notifications in good time
tomakethenecessaryadjustments.
It’s forward- and what-if simulations capabilities allows you to change parameters for optimal drilling.
A Digital Twin is the digital representation of your actual well. Used in preparation it enables you to pre-drill your well. Used
in real-time operation it enables you to do forward simulations and what-if simulations to detect mismatch and give input to
change the drilling plan – to avoid problems, see and detect operational mismatches, and change parameters for optimal drilling
(drilling the perfect well).
«Geological surprises» as reason for having to do a sidetrack were omitted. Cuttings build up, collapse, washout, and packoff
leading to plugging the well, were included.
We have had 500+ participants in drill well in simulator prior to operations, with 150+ well specific scenarios. Automated
Monitoring and Real time Optimization is used in all drilling operations. This includes Tripping, Drilling, Casing/Liner
operations and Cementing. It is also used in advanced operations like MPD and DGD.
Study show no hazardous incidents, nor any non-geological sidetracks – on wells using a digital twin
Executive Summary
We researched 60+ wells where IODTech’s digital twin technologies was used in i) preparations for well, ii) automated monitoring of
well, and iii) real-time optimization of well – or a combination of these – and found that these wells had no hazardous incidents and no sidetracks.
Products involved
IODTech is our solution for drill own well in simulator. IODTech provides safe, effective, and efficient well delivery for any planned well
by giving crew skills and experience on the specific well.
IODTech’s software solution for automated monitoring, real-time optimization, and live well support. It is designed for use on rig, in Real Time
Decision Support Centers, and for any other individual or teams supporting live drilling operations. It is also the foundation of any future rig-side
automation

22. TWINNING FOR
SAFER, SMARTER
OFF/ON SHORE
OIL & GAS

23. Digital twin
A Digital twin contains information such as a piece of equipment or asset. including its physical description. instrumentation, data and
history. A Digital Twin can be created for assets ranging from a well to a piece of equipment to an entire oilfield. For example, a subsea system could
have a Digital Twin via a simulation model of a subsea system’s components, including the blowout preventer, tiebacks. Risers, manifolds. umbilical
and moorings.
Drilling and extracting simulations can determine whether virtual designs can actually be built using the
machines available.” GE said. “Last but not least. real-time data feeds from sensors in a physical operating asset are now used to know the exact state
and condition of an operating-asset product. no matter where it is in the world”.
What is a Digital Twin?
Digital Twin refers to the digital foot print of the physical systems in die various assets which act like a
bridge between physics and digital world. The digital system can gather real-time data from the mechanical systems. their functionality and
operation status. Its functionality is based on the mathematical modelling and simulation of various component in the system using real-time
data. It helps companies to understand and determine die performance, behavior and problems of different products, processes and tools in the
better way using dynamic digital representation. It also helps to prevent downtime and give early warning and make plan in advance. By using of
Digital Twin. operation costs are reduced to large extent. Digital Twin can be used in various industries such as process, power generation, flight
industries, ecosystems, transporter such as rail travel, machine building as well as oil and gas industry.
It is estimated that by 2020, Digital Twin wifl exist for billions of things in the near future. .
For example. in the car industry the vehicles can be among the Digital Twin perception. In the new vehicles there are thousands of sensors which
are constantly monitoring the systems. The real time data reviewed from the wide range of sensors uploaded to the servers can be adjusted to
the dynamic digital model. Digital Twin in the machine building can help to configure the machine control system in the virtual environment. It
causes optimizing machine design. efficient conimissioning. short exchange times, reduce risk failure and improved operation [3-5].
Using the Digital Twin in the lifecycle of Drilling
In the oil and gas industry specially in drilling lifecycle, digitalization is a novel technology to plan. prepare. train and drill the wells in a smarter
way for better and cheaper operation processes. and to perform many processes that were not possible before. It improves accuracy in decision
making and results in real. long- lasting safety and efficiency gains.
The first digital twin of a well during drilling represented as a highly advanced modular engine & downhole Virtual Well goes back to 2008.
The models that form the background of the real time models are the result of accumulated knowledge from continuous R&D and modeling in
drilling. This knowledge is synthesized in an Integrated Drilling Simulator. Models with the appropriate degree of complexity have been selected,
and the models have been improved where it has been necessary and re-implemented using methods that are optimized with respect to challenges
in real time applications. The model basis for the transient and steady state applications has been built with focus on [17]:
•Accurate representation of the physical system.
•Flexibility.
•Requirements related to real time applications:1
•High degree of robustness. also when driven by real time data like pump rate, rate of penetration, drill string rotation rate, torque. and
inlet temperature.
•Sufficient calculation speed tinder relevant conditions.

24. The following building blocks have been established:
Transient Flow/hydraulics including dynamic temperature, torque/drag & drilling mechanics. rate of penetration (ROP). wellbore stability, and pore
pressure. Some of these models will interact with the mechanical earth model (MEM) as well as with each other.
Animportantpartofthetechnologyfocusesonhydraulicsimulationsincludingpressuremodellinglikestandpipepressure(SPP).densitycalculation
like mud density in drill string and in annulus, equivalent circulating density (ECD). mud temperature, mud flow in to the drill string and mud
flow coming out from annulus, pit gain. cuttings concentration, gas rate, kick development and kick tolerance. It also contains dynamic simulation
of torque and drag which includes accurate calculation of bit depth, well depth, hook load, surface torque, bit torque, weight on die bit, rotational
speed. axial friction, rotational friction, block speed. buoyancy factor in drill strings due to the dynamic flow force, drag force, nozzle pulse, etc.
All these elements are updated simultaneously and dynamically, and the actual measured values can be compared with the modelled values during
real-time monitoring.
The various drilling models interact and can be used in the whole drilling value chain from planning & design, followed by scenario developments
for trial runs and Drill Well in Simulator, and then over to Automated monitoring/real-time optimization and finally post well analysis and
experience transfer.
All these systems form an integral part of a Life Cycle Drilling Simulation concept — advanced dynamic drilling models and diagnosis technology
merged with 2D and 3D visualization into a “virtual wellbore”.
-
Predix, GE’s industrial internet of things platform, underpins Noble’s Digital Rig analytics system. The platform can create a digital twin of a physical
asset by using physics-based models and historical data to establish an expected set of equipment conditions. When real-time data shows that the
conditions or behavior of a piece of equipment are beginning to diverge from what’s expected, an alert is issued. In some cases, Predix can indicate
a potential failure up to two months in advance, allowing scheduled maintenance off the critical path.

25. Automated monitoring system (AM) of the drilling well using Digital Twin
Advanced monitoring of the drilling wells using Digital Twin involves real time measurements of all operational factors.
compare pre-simulation results with measurements. detecting the diagnostics manually and running new simulation when
other factors are changing. Drilling monitoring has moved towards Automated Monitoring including Real Time simulations,
comparing simulation results with measurements in real time. detecting diagnostics manually as well as automatically and self-
detection of the problems.
Drilling operation will move beyond advanced monitoring and towards Real Time optimization Forecasting simulations.
‘forward looking’ simulations, ‘what if simulations and predictive analysis will be achievable.
The virtual well used in the Digital Twin consists of advanced mathematical model including complex mechanical model as well
as hydraulic model. The models are able to calculate pressure, SPP, ECD, temperature, choke pressure, considering pore and
fracture pressure. calculate pit gain, cuttings concentration, rate of penetration, wellbore stability torque & drag, torque on the
bit, torque at the surface, hook load, static. axial and rotational friction, string elongation, block speed. lift, slack etc.
Real-time mathematical models utilize real-time drilling data which are received from the rig, and then use these to compare
downhole measurements with the modeled parameters. This enable monitoring downhole conditions during drilling and casing
operations and provides early detection of symptoms of downhole deterioration automatically as diagnostic messages. Thus. it
helps to improve drilling and casing performance based on downhole conditions.
The Digital Twin of the well is visualized both in the 2D and 3D Real Time views during drilling. The 2D view uses all available
Real Time drilling data including surface and downhole data in combination with advanced dynamic drilling models to
monitor and provide advisory for more optimal drilling. The various drilling models interact and the measured values together
with calculated results are visualized Real Time in a graphical user interface.
Thediagnosistechnologyismergedwith3Dvisualizationintoa“virtualwellbore”.The3Dvisualizationtogetherwithdiagnostic
warnings and virtual 3D gauges can show the well conditions and be used through the whole operation and provide better
understanding of the well condition. Bit depth. ECD values and all other information can be monitored using sensors added in
the visualization. The 2D tunnel view of the well geometry, tubular properties together with pressure profile and temperature
profile can be shown in the 3D visualization. ECD variations and comparing this with pore and fracture pressure is also visible
in the 2D illustration.
A typical 2D illustration and 3D visualization are shown in the figure 1 respectively. The 2D and 3D view of the Digital Twin
can be used in the whole drilling life cycle and operation as well as during post analysis, training and experience transfer. For
experience transfer purposes the whole operation can be replayed and displayed. The 2D virtual well contain the wellbore
geometry drill string, pressure profile including pore and fracture profile and risk messages icons.

26. Other companies that use Digital Twin in Drilling
In addition to IODTech there are other companies which use Digital Twins in the drilling operations and they are introduced as following:
Sekal AS is an international technology company that offer uniquely powerful software systems for control and monitoring of the real-
time dynamic and integrated drilling process automation in the oil and gas industry in the same way as eDriiling Sekal bas products such as
DriliScence and DriliTronics to monitor the boreholes conditions and trend analysis during drilling operations. They help to automate drilling
process control. optimize drilling and tripping tasks in tight margin conditions. avoid the problems in the wells and enhance safety of the drilling
operations which cause significant economic losses.
Haliiburton uses the Digital Twin to build representation of the current condition of the drilling well. It can predict what is happening on the rig
as well as the difference between the predicted and the desired situation in the fields using real-time data which help fast and best economic-value-
based decision making It is also used to look ahead of time at well properties based on the historical data and current situation. Fluid properties
and well bore conditions. Halliburton’s DecisionSpace Production Engineering has been used both in offshore operations and high well counts
onshore assets. NETool is another steady-state numerical simulator which is used for the completion modeling.
Schlumberger is using Digital Twin as drilling software to monitor wells during drilling and other operations on the rig. it is beneficial to facilitate
the automated well design with instantaneous validation of changes. identify risks and uncertainties, determine the MTBF (mean time between
failure), and make a replacement to prevent Non-Productive Time (NPT). In the E&P article ‘Drilling in a Digital World.”
Catherine MacGregor, president of the Drilling Group at Schlumberger talk about how the industry can achieve fundamental improvement and
high levels of drilling performance. She also describes how this purpose needs to enable digital workflows to boost integrated technology and
service delivery platforms built on cloud-based single data sources.
Baker Hughes are also delivering digital solutions related to the oilfield products. Asset performance management (APM) GE digital is a software
to help enhancing the performance of the assets. Improve availability manage risk, identify degradation mechanisms, and reduce cost and time
The Digital Tn n is powered by APM. Similar to other industrial Digital Twin is a continuous improvement framework by identify the criticality
and failure of the assets, optimize strategies, look though condition and evaluate risk and make sure of effective performance and expectation.

27. Use of Digital Twin in drilling and well operations
The IODTech Digital Twin consists of lifecycle drilling simulation system (LCDSS) which is used during planning. training and real-time
operation with forecasting of the different wells and shows a big potential for significant risk and cost reductions. The realistic virtual model of the
well identified as Digital Twin,contains very complex physical model in drilling including two pails: a hydraulic model including entire hydraulic
and temperature performance of the well, and mechanical model to calculated torque and drag.
The model covers ail drilling processes. The hydraulics model includes all relevant flow operations and hydraulic features in one model including
single phase drilling, multiple fluids during displacements and cementing as well as multi-phase flow during well control and MPD/UBD operations.
Torque and drag model contains advanced models including the top to bottom and bottom to top variables. This model can calculate the WOB and
TOB from surface data. hook loads, rotation and block movement, calculation of the friction factors and bit torque with input of surface torque or
vice versa.
Moreover. all relevant HPHT properties are also modeled such as mud density compressibility and rheology as function of pressure and temperature.
gas solubility in Oil Based MudS. transient thermal interaction in the well and surrounding& Additionally. an MPD module has been developed in
the simulator which allows testing and training of all relevant procedures and operations related to MPD. In the simulator system the drilling rig
characteristics (pumps, surface lines, choke and BOP. MPD toolkit etc.) are modeled according to the real rig specifications. The drilling Digital
Twin also consists of diagnosis together with the 3D visualization of a virtual wellbore. In the following as example. some of different wells under
challenging drilling operation is discussed and results show how much work process and communications can be modified using the down hole
Digital Twin.

28. Summary and Conclusions
Various aspects of Digital Twin such as its origin. usage idea and technology behind it as well as its future potential and its benefits were
explained. Industrial companies use the Digital Twin to manage assets, do operations more efficiently. optimize the performance of the systems and
design cost-effective maintenance strategies. In the oil and gas industries Digital Twin play an important role to interact the physical platform with
their virtual assets in real-time It also allows operators to monitor the functionality and performance of the rigs and find out the problems in the
wells or other systems as well as predict the future conditions of assets.
Brief explanations of the various oil and gas companies approach to using the Digital Twin to predict and investigate the situation of the wells
were done. Benefits and improvement of the drilling operation and prediction of the problems in the wells in different projects using Digital Twin
discussed. The IMSA well under HPHT condition were studied. MPD training. using a Digital Twin was performed. with integration to a MPD
control system was presented. The same digital Twin was used during the MPD operation, where the hydraulic model was integrated into the MPD
control system. Bright understanding of the cementing job using the Digital Twin software were also discussed. Moreover, automatic monitoring
and detecting, with the diagnostic system using Digital Twins were explained.
Enhanced utilization of the well and subsurface data in an incorporated Digital Twin concept will create significant added values for the operator.
This involves planning, real-time analysis, Real Time automated monitoring, forecasting simulation, and forward-looking simulations of problematic
situations.
The Digital Twin is a virtual model of the whole well during the complete drilling life cycle process and is visualized in 2D and 3D dynamic views.
For wells in harsh environment and drilled under challenging conditions like HPHT, using the Digital Twin will make it much easier to predict and
plan: to interpret the situation and make the right decisions.
Using automated monitoring system to monitor downhole conditions during tripping, drilling, casing and liner operations as well as cementing.
early detection of symptoms of downhole deterioration can be provided. This helps to improve the well construction performance and create added
value. Different situations have been shown and discussed in the paper.
In one typical well, high cutting concentration issue was triggered as a diagnostic message during automated monitoring. The flow rate was adjusted,
and this probably prevented well condition detonation which could have resulted in a side-track and pack-off situation.
In another well a loss during cementing was predicted due to exceeding the fracture pressure gradient limit. By simulations a safe value for the
cement flow rate was defined and saved die operation operational problems and NPT.
Losses during drilling in another well was seen by comparing the calculated active pit gain and volume tank. By tuning the drilling parameters like
flow rate, this was stopped.
To conclude, using a Digital Twin during the life cycle of chilling (planning, preparation. Monitor and control, and evaluation) helps operators save
cost, improve safety and increase efficiency of drilling operations.

29. Abbreviations
ARM: Advanced Realtime Monitorig
BHA: Bottom Hole Assembley
ECD: Equivalent Circulating Density
SPP: Stand Pipe Pressure
PWD: Pressure While Drilling
MPD: Managed Pressure Drilling
DGD: Dual Gradient Drilling
BHA: Bottoh Hole Assembley
HKLD: Hook Load
NPT: Non-Productive Time
RT: Real Time
WOB: Weight on Bit
TOB: Torque on Bit
WOH: Weight on Hook
Cooperation and Resources

30. Intelligent and Optimized
Drilling Technology ®
IODTech
Tel: +98 9901377600
Email: contact@iodtech.ir
www.ioptech.ir
Intelligent and
Optimized Drilling
Technology
IODTech
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