Q1. You are interested in the evolution of stress responses in a tropical bird species 1. This species has a closely related species found in Minnesota (species 2), where the breeding season is very short. In the tropics, species 1 can potentially reproduce year-round. How might you predict the stress responses of the species to differ in terms of cortisol expression following a brief stressor (e.g., exposure to predator or food restriction)? A. A B. B C. C D. D Q2. Some studies have shown that NMDA receptor activation is higher right after a stressful event, when cortisol levels are high. Researchers have argued this is evidence that stress hormones may cause flashbulb memories, the potent memories surrounding a very fearful or stressful event. What additional evidence is needed to pinpoint these hormones as a cause? A. Measurements of incidence of flashbulb memories and cortisol levels across species B. Data on neurogenesis in the hippocampus after the stressful event C. Manipulation of cortisol levels and measurement of effects on flashbulb memories D. all of the above.