![Artificial cardiacpacemaker
From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia
"Pacemaker"redirectshere.Forotheruses,see Pacemaker(disambiguation).
A pacemaker(orartificial pacemaker,soasnot to be confusedwiththe heart'snatural pacemaker) is
a medical device whichuseselectrical impulses,deliveredbyelectrodescontractingthe heart
muscles,toregulate the beatingof the heart.
The primarypurpose of a pacemakeristo maintainanadequate heartrate,eitherbecause the
heart'snatural pacemakerisnotfast enough,orbecause there isa blockinthe heart's electrical
conductionsystem.Modernpacemakersare externallyprogrammable andallow acardiologistto
selectthe optimumpacingmodesforindividualpatients.Some combine apacemakerand
defibrillatorina single implantable device.Othershave multiple electrodesstimulatingdiffering
positionswithinthe hearttoimprove synchronisationof the lowerchambers(ventricles)of the
heart.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Origin
1.2 Transcutaneous
1.3 Wearable
1.4 Implantable
1.5 Lithiumbattery
1.6 Intra-cardial
2 Methodsof pacing
2.1 Percussive pacing
2.2 Transcutaneouspacing
2.3 Epicardial pacing(temporary)
2.4 Transvenouspacing(temporary)
2.5 Subclavicularpacing
3 Basic function
4 Biventricularpacing](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/artificialcardiacpacemaker-161014121417/85/Artificial-cardiac-pacemaker-1-320.jpg)
![5 Advancementsinfunction
6 Considerations
6.1 Insertion
6.2 Turningoff the pacemaker
6.3 Privacyand security
6.4 Complications
7 Otherdeviceswithpacemakerfunction
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
In 1958, Arne Larsson (1915–2001) became the firstto receive animplantable pacemaker.He hada
total of 26 devicesduringhislifeandcampaignedforotherpatientsneedingpacemakers.
Origin[edit]
In 1889, John AlexanderMacWilliamreportedinthe BritishMedical Journal (BMJ) of hisexperiments
inwhichapplicationof anelectrical impulse tothe humanheartinasystole causedaventricular
contractionand that a heartrhythmof 60–70 beatsper minute couldbe evokedbyimpulsesapplied
at spacingsequal to60–70/minute.[1]
In 1926, Dr Mark C Lidwill of the Royal Prince AlfredHospitalof Sydney,supportedbyphysicistEdgar
H. Booth of the Universityof Sydney,devisedaportable apparatuswhich"pluggedintoalighting
point"andin which"One pole wasappliedtoa skinpad soakedinstrongsalt solution"while the
otherpole "consistedof aneedle insulatedexceptatitspoint,andwas plungedintothe appropriate
cardiac chamber"."The pacemakerrate was variable fromabout80 to 120 pulsesperminute,and
likewise the voltagevariablefrom1.5to 120 volts".In1928, the apparatuswas usedto revive a
stillborninfantatCrownStreetWomen'sHospital,Sydneywhose heartcontinued"tobeatonits
ownaccord", "at the endof 10 minutes"of stimulation.[2][3]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Artificial cardiac pacemaker
- 1. Artificial cardiacpacemaker From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia "Pacemaker"redirectshere.Forotheruses,see Pacemaker(disambiguation). A pacemaker(orartificial pacemaker,soasnot to be confusedwiththe heart'snatural pacemaker) is a medical device whichuseselectrical impulses,deliveredbyelectrodescontractingthe heart muscles,toregulate the beatingof the heart. The primarypurpose of a pacemakeristo maintainanadequate heartrate,eitherbecause the heart'snatural pacemakerisnotfast enough,orbecause there isa blockinthe heart's electrical conductionsystem.Modernpacemakersare externallyprogrammable andallow acardiologistto selectthe optimumpacingmodesforindividualpatients.Some combine apacemakerand defibrillatorina single implantable device.Othershave multiple electrodesstimulatingdiffering positionswithinthe hearttoimprove synchronisationof the lowerchambers(ventricles)of the heart. Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Origin 1.2 Transcutaneous 1.3 Wearable 1.4 Implantable 1.5 Lithiumbattery 1.6 Intra-cardial 2 Methodsof pacing 2.1 Percussive pacing 2.2 Transcutaneouspacing 2.3 Epicardial pacing(temporary) 2.4 Transvenouspacing(temporary) 2.5 Subclavicularpacing 3 Basic function 4 Biventricularpacing
- 2. 5 Advancementsinfunction 6 Considerations 6.1 Insertion 6.2 Turningoff the pacemaker 6.3 Privacyand security 6.4 Complications 7 Otherdeviceswithpacemakerfunction 8 See also 9 References 10 External links History[edit] In 1958, Arne Larsson (1915–2001) became the firstto receive animplantable pacemaker.He hada total of 26 devicesduringhislifeandcampaignedforotherpatientsneedingpacemakers. Origin[edit] In 1889, John AlexanderMacWilliamreportedinthe BritishMedical Journal (BMJ) of hisexperiments inwhichapplicationof anelectrical impulse tothe humanheartinasystole causedaventricular contractionand that a heartrhythmof 60–70 beatsper minute couldbe evokedbyimpulsesapplied at spacingsequal to60–70/minute.[1] In 1926, Dr Mark C Lidwill of the Royal Prince AlfredHospitalof Sydney,supportedbyphysicistEdgar H. Booth of the Universityof Sydney,devisedaportable apparatuswhich"pluggedintoalighting point"andin which"One pole wasappliedtoa skinpad soakedinstrongsalt solution"while the otherpole "consistedof aneedle insulatedexceptatitspoint,andwas plungedintothe appropriate cardiac chamber"."The pacemakerrate was variable fromabout80 to 120 pulsesperminute,and likewise the voltagevariablefrom1.5to 120 volts".In1928, the apparatuswas usedto revive a stillborninfantatCrownStreetWomen'sHospital,Sydneywhose heartcontinued"tobeatonits ownaccord", "at the endof 10 minutes"of stimulation.[2][3]