Eric X. Li was born in China and encountered different meta-narratives about political systems in China and the US. In China, the meta-narrative was that the Communist Party ensured economic and social progress, while in the US it was that free elections and independent courts were necessary for progress. However, Western elites tried to sell political reforms to China but were unsuccessful. Li argues that China's success is because the political system selects for competence and enables reform without changing the leadership. While issues like corruption still exist, the system responds to people's demands and has continuously reformed without Western concepts like separation of powers that are alien to Chinese culture.