Himbauan wamen pelaporan buku kurikulum 2013

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Agus Rahmat

Himbauan wamen pelaporan buku kurikulum 2013

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Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and can be molded into solid objects. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are made from renewable materials such as polylactic acid from corn or cellulosics from cotton linters.Plasticity is the general property of all materials that are able to irreversibly deform without breaking, but this occurs to such a degree with this class of moldable polymers that their name is an emphasis on this ability.

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Contents Definition Purposes Ingredients Types of toothpaste How to choose a toothpaste? Toxic components of a toothpaste Caution on toothpaste usage Definition A toothpaste or dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth. Toothpaste Ingredients Different types of Toothpastes ANTI-CARIES AGENTS Fluoride: considered to be the most effective caries-inhibiting agent, and almost all toothpastes today contain fluoride in one form or the other The most common form is sodium fluoride (NaF), but mono-fluoro-phosphate (MFP) and stannous fluoride (SnF) are also used Fluoride is most beneficial when the mouth is not rinsed with water after tooth brushing. In this way a bigger amount of fluoride is retained in the oral cavity How do teeth decay? Tooth decay begins when the outer surface of the tooth is attacked by acid. The acid is produced by bacteria which live on the surfaces of the teeth as a layer called plaque. When foods or drinks containing sugars enter the mouth, the bacteria within the plaque rapidly converts the sugars into acid. The plaque can hold the acid in contact with the tooth surface for up to 2 hours before it is neutralized by saliva. During the time that the plaque is acidic, some of the calcium and phosphate minerals, of which enamel is largely composed, are dissolved out of the enamel into the plaque. This process is called demineralisation. Fluoride: There are three main theories considering the positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries: Positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries: the most important anti-caries effect is claimed to be due to the formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) in plaque and on the enamel surface during and after rinsing or brushing with fluoride. CaF2 serves as a fluoride reservoir. When the pH drops, fluoride and calcium are released into the plaque fluid. Fluoride diffuses with the acid from plaque into the enamel pores and forms fluoroapatite (FAP). FAP incorporated in the enamel surface is more resistant to a subsequent acid attack. Mouthwashes A mouthwash is defined as a non-sterile aqueous solution used mostly for its deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect. Mouthwashes or rinses are designed to reduce oral bacteria, remove food particles, temporary reduce bad breathe and provide a pleasant taste. Mouth rinses are generally classified as either cosmetic or therapeutic or a combination of the two. Mouthwashes Therapeutic rinses often have the benefits of their cosmetic counterparts, but also contain an added active ingredient, f. ex. fluoride or chlorhexidine, that help protect against some oral diseases.

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