1. Cairo university
Faculty of engineering
Systems and Bio-medical Engineering
Uses of optical fibres in
Biomedical
-
Prepared by :
Afafamerkhaznadar
Submitted to :
D.rMohammed Hesham

3. Optical Fiber
Core
jacket
Buffer Coating
Cladding
Silica
Core
Ge-Silica
Cladding
Total Internal
Reflection
Buffer Coating
single mode fiber
micron
nm
-
9
multi -mode
fibers
micron

4. Mhz
THZ
-

5. -
-

6. Fiber
scope
Endom
Endoscope
Skopein

7. Total Internal Reflection: TIR
Dielectric
C
n
n1
2
Snell's Law
c
C

8. SiO2
Silica
Glass
Optical
Quality
Polymethylmethacrylate
PMMA
PMMA
alignment
Molecular
Core
n2
n1

9. n n1
2
Step Index
Fiber
n1
Graded Index GI
Single Mode
Multi Mode MM
SM
SM
MM
Light Emitting Diodes LED
Image Guide
Coherent Bundle
Bundle

10. Resolving
Power
Crosstalk
Packing
Fraction

11. Laparoscope
Gastroscope
Arthroscope

12. Eyepieces
Robotic Arm
Suction Valve
Air /Water
Valve
Channel Opening
Insertion
Tube
Bending Section
Angular Mechanism
Distal
End
Up / Down Angulation Control
Knob
Up / Down Angulation
Lock

13. Right / Left Angulation
Knob
Right /Left Angulation
Lock
Auxiliary Water Inlet
Guide Connector Section
Light
Light
Guide
Air Pipe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic.htm
http://www.xainoo.com/?p=36

14. .
A Fiber Optic Chronology, http://www.sff.net/people/jefff.hecht/indexhtp
.
Fiberscopic Instrument Technology I. Kowahara and H. Ichikawa, 1987,
Gastrointestinal Endossopy 20-41
.
http://print.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0861371.html
.
http://www.olympus-europa.com
.
The History of Laparoscopy, http://www.laparoscopy.com