A distinctive oral fibrous proliferation approximating only 2-5% of all benign gingival overgrowths is a unique lesion requiring adequate clinical diagnosis. With no subtle association with chronic irritation, this oral tumor is a diverse lesion. Giant cell fibroma (GCF) requires histopathological examination for its final diagnosis as clinic pathologic features are not sufficient to assess and confirm the lesion. Occurring most commonly during the first three decades of life this asymptomatic pedunculated or sessile lump clinically resembles fibroma and papilloma with no gender predilection. In this paper, we present a unique case of Giant cell fibroma (GCF) in a 4-year-old child.
Abstract—This study was aimed to present a case report of a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma which is a rare case. This case was a 30 years non smoker male with the chief complaint of growth of gum tissue, moderately large in the mandibular posterior region. On intraoral examination, a peduncalated growth of 17 x 12 x 6 mm on marginal and attached gingiva with respect to tooth number 47 considerably hard in consistency and movable was seen. The lesion was erythmatous having a smooth non ulcerated surface. It was asymptomatic with no sign of pain. Intra oral periapical radiograph was taken which revealed slight erosion of crest of bone which was later confirmed during surgical excision. The possible reason of crestal bone erosion may be constant pressure of the growth. Differential diagnosis of irritation fibroma, pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma was considered. However, clinical appearance and consistency was of a hard fibrous growth, which therefore led to a provisional diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
This case report describes a rare case of true fibroma occurring on the palate of a 35-year-old male patient. The patient reported a lump on his palate that was interfering with chewing. Clinical examination revealed an irregular, grayish growth on the palate that was excised using diode laser. Histological examination showed features consistent with true fibroma, including sharp demarcation from surrounding tissue and a fibrous capsule. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for S-100, confirming it was not a neural tumor, and positive for fibrous tissue antigens. This supported the diagnosis of a true fibroma, which is a rare benign neoplasm of the oral cavity. The patient had no recurrence at 15-day
This document describes a case report of a mucocele occurring on the ventral surface of the tongue in a 13-year-old female patient. Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions caused by mucus accumulation due to salivary duct obstruction or rupture. They rarely occur on the tongue in the glands of Blandin-Nuhn. Histopathological examination of an excised lesion from the patient revealed extravasated mucin pooling, confirming a diagnosis of mucocele. Mucoceles of these minor salivary glands are an uncommon but important consideration for asymptomatic masses on the tongue ventral surface.
This study analyzed the histopathological features of 460 reactive gingival lesions from an archive in India between 2006-2015. Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia was the most common lesion observed (58% of cases). Most lesions occurred in females in their 3rd-4th decades of life. Histopathological analysis found epithelial hyperplasia in over half of cases, dense connective tissue in lesions like inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, and vascular proliferation in lesions like pyogenic granuloma. The findings help characterize these lesions but also indicate similarities between different lesion types.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA IN A SERIES OF 4...ishita1994
Peripheral ossifying fibromas are benign mesenchymal lesions that usually arise in the anterior maxilla of young female patients. Histologically they consist of spindle cell proliferation with focal mineralization. We reviewed 48 specimens from 41 patients and recorded the clinical data, sex, and age of the patients, site, and size of the lesions, treatment, and postoperative outcome. Histologically the presence of mature, woven bone, cementum, and calcifications was evaluated and evaluated immunohistochemically. Lesions were more frequent in female patients in the third and fourth decade and were usually in the lower maxilla and smaller than 2 cm. All lesions were conservatively excised, and they relapsed in eight patients. Histopathologically, the lesions were poorly circumscribed, with moderately cellular proliferation, and with no discernible architectural pattern. All tumors showed some degree of mineralization, the presence of immature bone being the most common. Immunohistochemical examination showed staining of tumoral cells for smooth muscle actin and CD68. Lesions tended to occur more commonly in female patients, but one decade later than usually reported. We found a higher recurrence rate in lesions that contained cementum-like material but without bone formation, suggesting a lack of maturation in this group. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation but they added no information about the behavior of the lesions.
This case report describes a pyogenic granuloma lesion in a 30-year-old female patient. She presented with a 3-month history of a painless gingival swelling interfering with eating and speaking. Clinical examination revealed an oval-shaped, erythematous nodule measuring 0.7 cm. Histopathological examination showed numerous blood vessels with extravasated red blood cells within the connective tissue, along with inflammatory cells. This was consistent with a diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was surgically excised. Pyogenic granuloma is a common gingival growth considered to be an exaggerated response to minor trauma or irritation.
A 30-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of a painless gingival swelling in her lower left posterior region interfering with eating and speaking. Clinical examination revealed an exophytic 0.7 cm erythematous nodule. Histopathological examination showed numerous blood vessels with extravasated red blood cells within the connective tissue, along with inflammatory cells. This was consistent with a diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was surgically excised. Pyogenic granuloma is a common gingival growth considered to be an exaggerated response to minor trauma or irritation.
The Mastoid Compartment of Middle Ear Cleft-A Clinic Pathological Study in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media-Mucosal Type by George MV in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000525.php
Abstract—This study was aimed to present a case report of a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma which is a rare case. This case was a 30 years non smoker male with the chief complaint of growth of gum tissue, moderately large in the mandibular posterior region. On intraoral examination, a peduncalated growth of 17 x 12 x 6 mm on marginal and attached gingiva with respect to tooth number 47 considerably hard in consistency and movable was seen. The lesion was erythmatous having a smooth non ulcerated surface. It was asymptomatic with no sign of pain. Intra oral periapical radiograph was taken which revealed slight erosion of crest of bone which was later confirmed during surgical excision. The possible reason of crestal bone erosion may be constant pressure of the growth. Differential diagnosis of irritation fibroma, pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma was considered. However, clinical appearance and consistency was of a hard fibrous growth, which therefore led to a provisional diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
This case report describes a rare case of true fibroma occurring on the palate of a 35-year-old male patient. The patient reported a lump on his palate that was interfering with chewing. Clinical examination revealed an irregular, grayish growth on the palate that was excised using diode laser. Histological examination showed features consistent with true fibroma, including sharp demarcation from surrounding tissue and a fibrous capsule. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for S-100, confirming it was not a neural tumor, and positive for fibrous tissue antigens. This supported the diagnosis of a true fibroma, which is a rare benign neoplasm of the oral cavity. The patient had no recurrence at 15-day
This document describes a case report of a mucocele occurring on the ventral surface of the tongue in a 13-year-old female patient. Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions caused by mucus accumulation due to salivary duct obstruction or rupture. They rarely occur on the tongue in the glands of Blandin-Nuhn. Histopathological examination of an excised lesion from the patient revealed extravasated mucin pooling, confirming a diagnosis of mucocele. Mucoceles of these minor salivary glands are an uncommon but important consideration for asymptomatic masses on the tongue ventral surface.
This study analyzed the histopathological features of 460 reactive gingival lesions from an archive in India between 2006-2015. Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia was the most common lesion observed (58% of cases). Most lesions occurred in females in their 3rd-4th decades of life. Histopathological analysis found epithelial hyperplasia in over half of cases, dense connective tissue in lesions like inflammatory gingival hyperplasia, and vascular proliferation in lesions like pyogenic granuloma. The findings help characterize these lesions but also indicate similarities between different lesion types.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA IN A SERIES OF 4...ishita1994
Peripheral ossifying fibromas are benign mesenchymal lesions that usually arise in the anterior maxilla of young female patients. Histologically they consist of spindle cell proliferation with focal mineralization. We reviewed 48 specimens from 41 patients and recorded the clinical data, sex, and age of the patients, site, and size of the lesions, treatment, and postoperative outcome. Histologically the presence of mature, woven bone, cementum, and calcifications was evaluated and evaluated immunohistochemically. Lesions were more frequent in female patients in the third and fourth decade and were usually in the lower maxilla and smaller than 2 cm. All lesions were conservatively excised, and they relapsed in eight patients. Histopathologically, the lesions were poorly circumscribed, with moderately cellular proliferation, and with no discernible architectural pattern. All tumors showed some degree of mineralization, the presence of immature bone being the most common. Immunohistochemical examination showed staining of tumoral cells for smooth muscle actin and CD68. Lesions tended to occur more commonly in female patients, but one decade later than usually reported. We found a higher recurrence rate in lesions that contained cementum-like material but without bone formation, suggesting a lack of maturation in this group. Immunohistochemical results were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation but they added no information about the behavior of the lesions.
This case report describes a pyogenic granuloma lesion in a 30-year-old female patient. She presented with a 3-month history of a painless gingival swelling interfering with eating and speaking. Clinical examination revealed an oval-shaped, erythematous nodule measuring 0.7 cm. Histopathological examination showed numerous blood vessels with extravasated red blood cells within the connective tissue, along with inflammatory cells. This was consistent with a diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was surgically excised. Pyogenic granuloma is a common gingival growth considered to be an exaggerated response to minor trauma or irritation.
A 30-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of a painless gingival swelling in her lower left posterior region interfering with eating and speaking. Clinical examination revealed an exophytic 0.7 cm erythematous nodule. Histopathological examination showed numerous blood vessels with extravasated red blood cells within the connective tissue, along with inflammatory cells. This was consistent with a diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was surgically excised. Pyogenic granuloma is a common gingival growth considered to be an exaggerated response to minor trauma or irritation.
The Mastoid Compartment of Middle Ear Cleft-A Clinic Pathological Study in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media-Mucosal Type by George MV in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000525.php
This document reports a case study of a 63-year-old male patient with an unusual presentation of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). POFs typically affect younger females in the maxillary anterior gingiva. In this case, the POF occurred in an older male patient in the mandibular anterior gingiva. Histological examination of the excised lesion found features consistent with POF, including calcified deposits resembling cementum or bone within a cellular fibrous connective tissue stroma. While the etiology of POF remains uncertain, this case supports the view that at least some POFs may be true neoplastic lesions rather than purely reactive proliferations.
Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia is an inflammatory restraint to local irritant correlating with the gingiva; the irritant could be microbial like plaque and calculus.
Clinically present as deep red or bluish, considerably friable and fine with smooth glossy surface and commonly bleed easily [1].
These conditions are presented with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), where the basal lamina show disruptions and epithelial cells migrate into connective tissue and change their phenotypes to fibroblast-like cells [12].
This case report describes a 9-year-old female patient with fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla and a port wine stain on her face. Clinical examination and radiographic imaging showed abnormal bone growth replacing the maxilla. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. The patient underwent surgical recontouring of the maxilla and was happy with the results at her 2-week follow up appointment. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign condition where abnormal bone growth replaces normal bone, usually becoming inactive in adulthood, though some cases like this one may continue progressing during childhood growth.
Basal cell ameloblastoma a rare case report and review of literatureQuách Bảo Toàn
The document reports on a rare case of basal cell ameloblastoma occurring in a 12-year-old patient. Basal cell ameloblastoma is believed to be the rarest histologic subtype of ameloblastoma and typically occurs in adults aged 30-40 years. Only 6 previous cases had been reported in the literature. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed uniform basaloid cells without stellate reticulum, consistent with basal cell ameloblastoma. Considering the rarity of this lesion in such a young patient, this case highlights the importance of histopathological examination for diagnosing odontogenic tumors.
This document describes and compares several types of odontogenic cysts:
- Radicular cysts develop from epithelial cell rests in the periodontal ligament and are usually associated with non-vital teeth. Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cyst, forming between the reduced enamel epithelium and crown of an impacted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are locally aggressive and have a high recurrence rate after treatment.
Fibroma odontogeno del mascellare superiore: caso clinico e revisione della l...MerqurioEditore_redazione
This case report describes a 46-year-old male with an odontogenic fibromyxoma in the right maxilla. Odontogenic fibromyxomas are rare benign tumors that usually occur in the mandible. Radiological examination with CT revealed expansion of the right maxillary sinus walls and obstruction of the sinus cavity. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of fibromyxoma. The tumor was surgically removed via enucleation and curettage. A review of the literature found that maxillary fibromyxomas are rare, with this case being the 30th reported case in the maxilla. Complete surgical removal is important to prevent recurrence of these tumors.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma-A case report with Cone Beam CT featuresiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study compared the clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and histobacteriologic features of true and bay apical cysts. The study found no significant differences between true and bay cysts for any of the parameters evaluated. Both cyst types always exhibited intraradicular infection and sometimes extraradicular infection as well. The findings question the need to differentiate between true and bay cysts and do not support the assumption that true cysts are self-sustaining entities not associated with infection.
This case report describes the surgical treatment of a 36-year-old male patient with an ameloblastoma tumor in the right side of the lower jaw. The tumor was excised via a trapezoidal flap surgery under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination found it to be an acanthomatous ameloblastoma. A reconstruction plate was fixed to prevent mandible fracture. The patient recovered well after surgery and was discharged after 3 days. Ameloblastomas are odontogenic tumors that commonly affect young people and have varying presentations depending on location and histological subtype.
Giant cell lesions in maxillofacial region from cawson essential of oral path...Chia Kadir
The document discusses various types of giant cells and giant cell lesions that can occur in the body. It describes the formation of giant cells and different classifications of giant cells including osteoclasts, tumor giant cells, Touton giant cells, Langhans' giant cells, and foreign body giant cells. The document also provides details on specific giant cell lesions that may occur in the oral cavity such as tuberculosis, leprosy, actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, central giant cell granuloma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. For each condition, it discusses clinical features, histopathology, associated giant cells, diagnosis, and treatment.
This document presents a case report of a rare case of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma in the mandibular gingiva of a 52-year-old male. On examination, the patient had a lobulated exophytic gingival growth. Histopathological examination of an incisional biopsy and subsequent excisional biopsy revealed features consistent with spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, including elongated spindle cells positive for desmin, MyoD1 and myogenin on immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent hemimandibulectomy and neck dissection and is being treated with chemotherapy without signs of recurrence after 1 year of follow up. The case report discusses the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment
This case report describes the reconstruction of a meibomian gland carcinoma in a 40-year old male patient. The tumor was resected completely along with orbital exenteration. The defect was reconstructed with a FALT (free anterolateral thigh) flap graft. Meibomian gland carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that is often misdiagnosed as other eye conditions. Complete surgical resection with tumor-free margins followed by reconstruction of defects is the primary treatment approach for these cancers. This case report details the surgical treatment and reconstruction performed for the patient.
Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2 mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter, as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases of which have been reported in literature.
Abstract Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2 mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter, as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases of which have been reported in literature.
Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly
females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2
mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter,
as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are
lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and
lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases
of which have been reported in literature.
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a recurrent mucocele (fluid-filled cyst) on her lower lip that was caused by incorrect use of a pacifier. Examination revealed a 10x10mm fluid-filled nodule on the lower lip and a cross-bite related to improper pacifier use. The mucocele was surgically excised and histological examination confirmed it was a mucus retention cyst. Improper pacifier use can lead to oral pathologies like mucoceles by causing repeated trauma in one area of the mouth.
This study extracted mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp tissue from a freshly extracted deciduous tooth. The cells were cultured and showed active growth over 35 days. Chromosome analysis of 25 and 100 cells at 20 and 35 days found no abnormalities. This establishes a method for extracting and culturing stem cells from deciduous teeth, a biological waste, for potential therapeutic applications. Further research with more samples and passage cultures is needed to validate producing these stem cells at larger scales.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Reportiosrjce
This case report describes a peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in a 50-year-old male patient. The patient presented with a 3x3 cm swelling in the mandibular left posterior region. Radiographs showed well-marginated radiopaque lesions with radiolucent foci suggestive of calcifications. Histopathological examination revealed variable thickness stratified squamous epithelium with fibrovascular connective tissue containing dense collagen fibers, compressed blood vessels, chronic inflammatory cells, and osseous-like structures, confirming the diagnosis of POF. POF is a benign reactive gingival lesion that is commonly mistaken for other lesions clinically. Complete surgical excision is the recommended treatment due to the lesion's recurrence
Atypical ameloblastoma – an enigma in diagnosis review of literature and rep...Quách Bảo Toàn
This case report describes an atypical ameloblastoma presenting diagnostic challenges. Histologically, the lesion showed features of both benign and malignant ameloblastoma. While areas displayed typical ameloblastoma characteristics, other areas showed epithelial dedifferentiation like cellular pleomorphism and atypical mitoses. However, these atypical features were not sufficient to classify it as ameloblastic carcinoma. The case was therefore diagnosed as an atypical ameloblastoma and close follow up was recommended due to its ambiguous nature between benign and malignant pathology. The report also briefly reviews the classification and literature on odontogenic malignancies.
This case report describes two cases of glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC). The first case was a 42-year-old female presenting with a swelling in the mandible extending from teeth 19 to 29. Radiographs showed a multilocular radiolucency. The second case was a 21-year-old male with a large swelling in the mandible. Both lesions were diagnosed as GOC based on histopathological examination showing characteristics like cuboidal and ciliated epithelial cells and PAS-positive mucous cells. GOC is a rare cyst that can be difficult to diagnose and has a potential for recurrence due to its biological behavior and treatment approach.
This document reports a case study of a 63-year-old male patient with an unusual presentation of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). POFs typically affect younger females in the maxillary anterior gingiva. In this case, the POF occurred in an older male patient in the mandibular anterior gingiva. Histological examination of the excised lesion found features consistent with POF, including calcified deposits resembling cementum or bone within a cellular fibrous connective tissue stroma. While the etiology of POF remains uncertain, this case supports the view that at least some POFs may be true neoplastic lesions rather than purely reactive proliferations.
Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia is an inflammatory restraint to local irritant correlating with the gingiva; the irritant could be microbial like plaque and calculus.
Clinically present as deep red or bluish, considerably friable and fine with smooth glossy surface and commonly bleed easily [1].
These conditions are presented with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), where the basal lamina show disruptions and epithelial cells migrate into connective tissue and change their phenotypes to fibroblast-like cells [12].
This case report describes a 9-year-old female patient with fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla and a port wine stain on her face. Clinical examination and radiographic imaging showed abnormal bone growth replacing the maxilla. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. The patient underwent surgical recontouring of the maxilla and was happy with the results at her 2-week follow up appointment. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign condition where abnormal bone growth replaces normal bone, usually becoming inactive in adulthood, though some cases like this one may continue progressing during childhood growth.
Basal cell ameloblastoma a rare case report and review of literatureQuách Bảo Toàn
The document reports on a rare case of basal cell ameloblastoma occurring in a 12-year-old patient. Basal cell ameloblastoma is believed to be the rarest histologic subtype of ameloblastoma and typically occurs in adults aged 30-40 years. Only 6 previous cases had been reported in the literature. Microscopic examination of the lesion showed uniform basaloid cells without stellate reticulum, consistent with basal cell ameloblastoma. Considering the rarity of this lesion in such a young patient, this case highlights the importance of histopathological examination for diagnosing odontogenic tumors.
This document describes and compares several types of odontogenic cysts:
- Radicular cysts develop from epithelial cell rests in the periodontal ligament and are usually associated with non-vital teeth. Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cyst, forming between the reduced enamel epithelium and crown of an impacted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are locally aggressive and have a high recurrence rate after treatment.
Fibroma odontogeno del mascellare superiore: caso clinico e revisione della l...MerqurioEditore_redazione
This case report describes a 46-year-old male with an odontogenic fibromyxoma in the right maxilla. Odontogenic fibromyxomas are rare benign tumors that usually occur in the mandible. Radiological examination with CT revealed expansion of the right maxillary sinus walls and obstruction of the sinus cavity. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of fibromyxoma. The tumor was surgically removed via enucleation and curettage. A review of the literature found that maxillary fibromyxomas are rare, with this case being the 30th reported case in the maxilla. Complete surgical removal is important to prevent recurrence of these tumors.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma-A case report with Cone Beam CT featuresiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study compared the clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and histobacteriologic features of true and bay apical cysts. The study found no significant differences between true and bay cysts for any of the parameters evaluated. Both cyst types always exhibited intraradicular infection and sometimes extraradicular infection as well. The findings question the need to differentiate between true and bay cysts and do not support the assumption that true cysts are self-sustaining entities not associated with infection.
This case report describes the surgical treatment of a 36-year-old male patient with an ameloblastoma tumor in the right side of the lower jaw. The tumor was excised via a trapezoidal flap surgery under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination found it to be an acanthomatous ameloblastoma. A reconstruction plate was fixed to prevent mandible fracture. The patient recovered well after surgery and was discharged after 3 days. Ameloblastomas are odontogenic tumors that commonly affect young people and have varying presentations depending on location and histological subtype.
Giant cell lesions in maxillofacial region from cawson essential of oral path...Chia Kadir
The document discusses various types of giant cells and giant cell lesions that can occur in the body. It describes the formation of giant cells and different classifications of giant cells including osteoclasts, tumor giant cells, Touton giant cells, Langhans' giant cells, and foreign body giant cells. The document also provides details on specific giant cell lesions that may occur in the oral cavity such as tuberculosis, leprosy, actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, central giant cell granuloma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. For each condition, it discusses clinical features, histopathology, associated giant cells, diagnosis, and treatment.
This document presents a case report of a rare case of spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma in the mandibular gingiva of a 52-year-old male. On examination, the patient had a lobulated exophytic gingival growth. Histopathological examination of an incisional biopsy and subsequent excisional biopsy revealed features consistent with spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, including elongated spindle cells positive for desmin, MyoD1 and myogenin on immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent hemimandibulectomy and neck dissection and is being treated with chemotherapy without signs of recurrence after 1 year of follow up. The case report discusses the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment
This case report describes the reconstruction of a meibomian gland carcinoma in a 40-year old male patient. The tumor was resected completely along with orbital exenteration. The defect was reconstructed with a FALT (free anterolateral thigh) flap graft. Meibomian gland carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that is often misdiagnosed as other eye conditions. Complete surgical resection with tumor-free margins followed by reconstruction of defects is the primary treatment approach for these cancers. This case report details the surgical treatment and reconstruction performed for the patient.
Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2 mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter, as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases of which have been reported in literature.
Abstract Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2 mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter, as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases of which have been reported in literature.
Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly
females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2
mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter,
as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are
lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and
lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases
of which have been reported in literature.
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old girl who presented with a recurrent mucocele (fluid-filled cyst) on her lower lip that was caused by incorrect use of a pacifier. Examination revealed a 10x10mm fluid-filled nodule on the lower lip and a cross-bite related to improper pacifier use. The mucocele was surgically excised and histological examination confirmed it was a mucus retention cyst. Improper pacifier use can lead to oral pathologies like mucoceles by causing repeated trauma in one area of the mouth.
This study extracted mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp tissue from a freshly extracted deciduous tooth. The cells were cultured and showed active growth over 35 days. Chromosome analysis of 25 and 100 cells at 20 and 35 days found no abnormalities. This establishes a method for extracting and culturing stem cells from deciduous teeth, a biological waste, for potential therapeutic applications. Further research with more samples and passage cultures is needed to validate producing these stem cells at larger scales.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Reportiosrjce
This case report describes a peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in a 50-year-old male patient. The patient presented with a 3x3 cm swelling in the mandibular left posterior region. Radiographs showed well-marginated radiopaque lesions with radiolucent foci suggestive of calcifications. Histopathological examination revealed variable thickness stratified squamous epithelium with fibrovascular connective tissue containing dense collagen fibers, compressed blood vessels, chronic inflammatory cells, and osseous-like structures, confirming the diagnosis of POF. POF is a benign reactive gingival lesion that is commonly mistaken for other lesions clinically. Complete surgical excision is the recommended treatment due to the lesion's recurrence
Atypical ameloblastoma – an enigma in diagnosis review of literature and rep...Quách Bảo Toàn
This case report describes an atypical ameloblastoma presenting diagnostic challenges. Histologically, the lesion showed features of both benign and malignant ameloblastoma. While areas displayed typical ameloblastoma characteristics, other areas showed epithelial dedifferentiation like cellular pleomorphism and atypical mitoses. However, these atypical features were not sufficient to classify it as ameloblastic carcinoma. The case was therefore diagnosed as an atypical ameloblastoma and close follow up was recommended due to its ambiguous nature between benign and malignant pathology. The report also briefly reviews the classification and literature on odontogenic malignancies.
This case report describes two cases of glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC). The first case was a 42-year-old female presenting with a swelling in the mandible extending from teeth 19 to 29. Radiographs showed a multilocular radiolucency. The second case was a 21-year-old male with a large swelling in the mandible. Both lesions were diagnosed as GOC based on histopathological examination showing characteristics like cuboidal and ciliated epithelial cells and PAS-positive mucous cells. GOC is a rare cyst that can be difficult to diagnose and has a potential for recurrence due to its biological behavior and treatment approach.
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Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences http://www.oraljournal.com
The fibroblasts were large, stellate shaped with short dendritic
processes and were multinucleated. Endothelial cell lined
blood vessels were also seen and normal bone was also
evident (Figure 5). Co-relating clinic-pathologically, the
features were suggestive of Giant Cell Fibroma.
Fig 1: A round swelling on labial Mucosa of 4- year old
Fig 2: Soft, pedunculated reddish blue lesion and lobulated
Fig 3: Hyperparakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with
long and thin rete ridges
Fig 4: The connective tissue stroma shows dense collagen fiber
bundles interspersed with fibroblasts
Fig 5: The connective tissue stroma shows multinucleated fibroblasts
and endothelial cell lined blood vessels
Discussion
Giant cell fibroma is categorized as a non-neoplastic fibrous
growth which constitutes only 2-5% of all the oral fibrous
proliferations sent for biopsy. The lesion’s clinical
presentation and epidemiology mimics fibroma or papilloma
and are distinguished only by histopathological features.
Minor trauma according to many reports contributes as a
major etiological factor which results in GCF due to change in
fibroblasts functional status [5]
. The lesion occurs usually at a
younger age (10-30 years) and is diagnosed during the first 3
decades of life in 60% of the cases with no gender
predilection. Slight female predilection is also reported in
some studies. This papillary or bossolated mass is small and is
less than 1 cm in diameter. Gingiva being the most common
site of occurrence constituting 50% of all the cases of Giant
cell fibroma. Mandibular gingiva is affected twice than
maxillary gingiva followed by tongue and palate [6]
. The site
of occurrence of the lesion other than oral cavity is nose in
giant cell fibroma which shows a tendency to reoccur and is
distinguished on the basis of larger size of stellate fibroblasts
[7]
. According to Regrezi et al. gingival and palatal oral
lesions shows highest amount of stellate cells whose presence
are itself dependent on the collagen pattern in the lamina
propria [8]
.
It clinically appears pebbly and papillary raised asymptomatic
pedunculated or sessile nodule with less than 1 cm diameter
with color of the normal mucosa and thus can be an important
aspect of differential diagnosis among all fibrous lesions
occurring in children [9]
. On the basis of clinical presentation
Sabarinath et al. diagnosed not a single correct lesion as GCF
among all the 21 lesions [5]
. Lesions such as peripheral
ossifying fibroma have similar clinical presentation as GCF
and can be only distinguished histopathologically because of
the presence of osteogenic cell islands [10]
. A microscopically
similar developmental mucosal lesion with giant fibroblasts
occurs in the gingiva lingual to mandibular cuspid and is
known as retrocuspid papilla. With less than 5 mm in
diameter, it clinically appears as small, pink papule with
bilateral distribution. Representing a normal anatomic
variation which disappears with age, it is reported in 25 to
99% of children and young adults with 6 to 19% prevalence
in older adults [6]
. Other mucosal lesions similar to GCF
includes pearly penile papule of glans penis, a virus induced
tumor of deer, fibroblastoma & fibrous papule of nose [1]
.
Savage and Monsuer in there retrospective study concluded
that in pathologic or normal lesions, there were no sufficient
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International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences http://www.oraljournal.com
characteristic histological features in all the lesions which
comes under fibro epithelial polyps and therefore grouping of
lesions as separate entities is not required [11]
.
Microscopically, an encapsulated mass of vascular fibrous
loosely arranged connective tissue is revealed. The hallmark
for differentiating GCF from other fibromas is the presence of
large, angular or stellate, non-hyper chromatic, plump/spindle
shaped & multinucleated atypical fibroblasts appearing as
giant cells seen in the periphery of the lesion as the central
areas contains typical fusiform fibroblasts. These stellate
fibroblasts are seen within the superficial connective tissue
and are closely related to corrugated and atrophic epithelium
with thin and elongated rete ridges [6, 12]
.
Giant cell origin is determined by immunohistochemistry and
ultrastructural studies. Ultra structurally, multinucleated giant
cells were fibroblasts [13]
. Immunohistochemistry reveals a
positive response to vimentin and prolyl-4-hydrolase thus
suggesting it as a phenotypically fibroblastic origin [1]
.
Vimentin positivity and fibroblastic origin of stellate and
multinucleated giant cell was also observed by Odell et al. in
his study. In a study done by Jimson et al. on immunostaining
with Ki 67 and PCNA, Ki 67 showed negative response while
PCNA revealed expression variability and concluded
mononuclear fibroblastic cell as the possible origin of
multinucleated and stellate giant cell seen in GCF.
Cytokeratin, neurofilament, HHF, CD 68, HLA DR, Tryptase,
and S-100 protein showed negative reactivity. Giant cell
origin was not considered as myofibroblastic as there was a
negative response of Desmin for giant cells.10
Also,
fibroblastic origin of giant cells was also supported by its
positive reactivity to factor XIIIa [14]
.
The treatment modalities of GCF are surgical/laser excision
along with periodic follow ups and the lesion reported rare
recurrence.
Conclusion
These rare and unique lesions should be extensively
considered and encountered in dental practice. Proper
treatment planning and compulsive investigations should be
done for correct diagnosis.
Conflicts of interest: Nil
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