Pharmacology

1. SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS/
ADRENERGIC DRUGS
DR.FOUZIA

4. RECEPTORS OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
Adrenergic Receptors:
Alpha Receptors:
α1, α2.
Beta Receptors:
β1, β2, β3.
Dopaminergic Receptors:
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Adrenaline: (Epinephrine EPI)
α1, α2 and β1 and β2 receptors
Nore adrenaline: (Norepinephrine NE)
α, β1 and least on β2 receptors

5. CLASSIFICATION
Classification according to receptor selectivity
α-Agonists:
α1-Agonist
Phenylephrine
Xylometazoline
α2-Agonist
Clonidine
Methyldopa

6. CLASSIFICATION
Classification according to receptor selectivity
β-Agonists:
Both β1 and β2 Agonist
Isoprenaline
Epinephrine
β2 Agonist
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Both α-Agonists β-Agonists:
Adrenaline/Epinephrine (EPI)
Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine (NE)

7. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
EPINEPHRINE
1-CVS
↑ contractility of myocardium
↑ heart rate
↑ Cardiac out put
↑ Blood pressure
2- Respiratory system
Bronchodilation
↓ bronchial secretions
3-Anxiety
Restlessness, Apprehension, Headache, Tremor

8. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
EPINEPHRINE
3-Eye
Pupils dilated (Mydriasis)
4-Genitourinary organs
Continence of urine
Ejaculation in males
Relaxation of smooth muscles of uterus in females
6- Metabolic effects
↓Insulin release Hyperglycemia

9. EPINEPHRINE
Therapeutic indications:
1- Anaphylaxis
2- Asthma
3- Along with local anesthetics
4- Cardiac arrest
5- Hemostasis
6-Intraocular surgery
Adverse effects:
1-Tachycardia and palpitations
2- Hypertension, Hyperglycemia
3- Anxiety, Tremors

10. NOREPINEPHRINE/NOREADRENALINE
Receptor selectivity α1,α2, β1
Pharmacological effects:
1-CVS
↑ blood pressure
Therapeutic indication:
Shock ( To ↑ BP)
Adverse effects:
Blanching and sloughing of skin along an injected site.

11. ISOPROTERENOL
1-β1- and β2-.
2-↑ heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output
4-Dilates the arterioles of skeletal muscle
5-Potent bronchodilator
Clinical use:
Atrio-ventricular (AV) block.

12. DOPAMINE
Pharmacological effects:
1-CVS
↑Force of contraction and heart rate
2-Renal and visceral blood vessels :
It dilates renal and splanchnic arterioles.
Clinical uses
Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock

13. FENOLDOPAM
Dopamine D1 agonist
Rapid-acting vasodilator.
Clinical uses
Severe hypertension in hospitalized patients
Adverse effects:
Headache, flushing, dizziness,
Nausea, vomiting,
Tachycardia

14. AMPHETAMINE
Mechanism of action:
Release of NE from nerve endings.
Pharmacological effects
1-Stimulatory effect on CNS
2- ↑ in blood pressure
3- ↑ in heart rate
Clinical uses
ADHD
Narcolepsy

15. THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION
Therapeutic classification (uses) of sympathomimetics:
1-Bronchodilators
Salbutamol
2- For Anaphylaxis
Adrenaline
3-For Hypotensive Shock
Dopamine
4- As Cardiac stimulants
Adrenaline
5- As Nasal decongestants
Phenylephrine

16. THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION
6- To prolong the effect of local anesthetics
Adrenaline
7- As Uterine relaxants
Salbutamol
8- In Narcolepsy
Amphetamines
9- As Mydriatic
Adrenaline
11- In Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD)
Amphetamines