Applied pathological anatomy in inspection of meat translation by abohemeed aly

1. Applied pathological anatomy
inspection of meat
Inspection technique and Entry Patterns
H.I.D.A.O.A.
S 7 (DCEV2)
School year 2008-2009
Translation by Abohameed aly

2. reminders:
• Ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections:
- AM 17/03/92, Article 19: "Inspection and control of approved establishments
accordance with this decree, as well as ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections
must be provided by a veterinary inspector.
To ensure such inspections and controls, the veterinaryinspector shall be assisted
by health technicians and attendants under his authority and
responsibility.
- Ante-mortem inspection is a veterinary specificity(diagnosis)
- Even in cases of emergency, ante-mortem examination must be carried out by the
veterinary inspector of the slaughterhouse (AM of 9 June 2000, Article 8)
- Post mortem inspection: normal and abnormal carcassesare sorted
by technicians and attendants (except emergencyslaughter), under the authority of the
veterinary
- No transfer of responsibility

3. Reminders: the "hygiene package"
• Regulations EC 853/2004 and 854/2004 of 29 April 2004: organization of
controls and specific rules applicable to BDOAs
- Applicable to 1 January 2006
- Increased accountability of operators
- Strengthening of upstream requirements:
• Livestock information (livestock register)
• Animal health status
• Cleanliness of the animals
• "animal welfare": good treatment
- Information to be transmitted within 24 hours
the introduction of animals into the slaughterhouse

4. Inspection technique
Ante-mortem Inspection (Former Formula):
- Documents: if absence ==> postponement of slaughter or slaughter
and carcass (854/2004)
- Animal protection: search for ill-treatment and acts of cruelty
- Pathologies:
• Research on diseases transmissible to humans and animals
• Research into diseases or disturbances of general meat unfit for
human consumption
• Search for signs indicating the administration of active substances
pharmacological
• Tired or injured animals
- Animals "affected" by a communicable disease or affecting the
health of meat: => euthanasia and rendering
- Suspect animals: ==> End-of-chain slaughter and detailed
examination

5. Inspection technique
• Ante-mortem inspection (hygiene package):
- Obligatory, on all animals
- Within 24 hours of arrival of the animals at the slaughterhouse, and
less than 24 hours before slaughter, and at any time
- Search for signs indicating that "the welfare of animals has
been compromised "
- Search for a condition likely to "harm animal or human health".
human health, including zoonoses and diseases on the
list of notifiable diseases of the World Health Organization
animal health
- Full Clinical Inspection of Suspect Animals
- Specific requirements for animals slaughtered outside
slaughterhouses

6. List O.I.E. (common diseases to several species)
Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) • Brucellosis(Brucella melitensis) • Brucellosis
(Brucella am) •
Cowdriosis • Echinococcosis / hydatidosis •Japanese encephalitis • Foot and
mouth disease • Fever catarrhal sheep • Anthrax West Nile Fever • Rift Valley
Fever • Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever • Fever Q • Leptospirosis •
Aujeszky's disease • Myiasis Chrysomya bezziana • Myiasis Cochliomyia
hominivorax • Paratuberculosis • Rinderpest •Rabies • Vesicular stomatitis •
Trichinellosis • Tularemia
• http://www.oie.int/fr/maladies/en_classification.htm

7. List O.I.E. bovine diseases
Bovine Anaplasmosis • Bovine Babesiosis •Bovine Genital
Campylobacteriosis • Coryza gangreneux • Contagious nodular
dermatosis
• Bovine viral diarrhea • Encephalopathy bovine spongiform
encephalopathy • Bovine leukosis Enzootic • Contagious
Pneumonia bovine •
Infectious rhinotracheitis bovine / infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis •Hemorrhagic septicemia • Theileriosis
•Trichomoniasis • Trypanosomosis (transmitted bytsé-tsé) •
Bovine tuberculosis

8. Cleanliness of the animals ...

9. Inspection technique
• Post-mortem inspection:
- Uninterrupted supervision of inspection officers
- Inspection of all parts of an animal, including blood
- Three Times:
• Visual inspection
• palpation of certain organs
• Incision of certain organs and lymph nodes
- If cuts are necessary, have them practiced by the owner of the
carcass or its representative
- SANCTIONS:
• Applying the health stamp used in the slaughterhouse
• Instructions for further examinations (bacteriology, residues ...)
• Input (restriction of use)

10. Inspection technique
Post-mortem inspection:
- Mandatory and systematic research:
• Cysticercosis of pigs (Cysticercus cellulosae, Taenia solium)
• Cysticercosis of other species (including C. bovis)
• Gland of solipeds (Burkholderia mallei)
• BSE testing: cattle over 30 months old (48 months soon)
• Trichinae of pigs and solipeds
• TSEs on sheep and goats (according to economic situation)
• Tuberculosis and brucellosis
- In a very general way: function of the dominant
(species, sex, age, type of production, etc.)

11. Inspection technique
• Cattle over 6 weeks old:
- Visual examination: head, throat, tongue, trachea and lungs, pericardium and heart, liver,
gastrointestinaltract, spleen, kidneys, uterus, udder, diaphragm, pleura,peritoneum, joints, lymph nodes
(n.l.), visible muscle surfaces
- Palpation: tongue, lungs, esophagus,liver, liver lymph nodes and pancreatic, stomach and mesenteric
lymph nodes, spleen, udder(ifnecessary)
- Incisions:
• Externalmassagers (2 incisions) and internal (1 incision), n.l. of the head. Eliminationof tonsils
• N.l. pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary parenchyma,trachea and main bronchi
• Heart: 1 incision openingthe 2 ventricles, passing through the septum
• Liver: 2 incisions: palette and base of the caudate lobe
• Possibly: n.l. intestinal, kidneys, udder.

12. Technique d'inspection
• Cattle less than 6 weeks old:
- Visual examination: head and throat, lungs, trachea, esophagus,pericardium, heart,
diaphragm, liver and correspondinglymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract,spleen,kidneys, pleura, peritoneum,
umbilical region, joints
- Palpation: tongue(!), Lungs, liver, n.l. Gastrointestinal Spleen Region umbilical andjoints
- Incisions:
• N.l. retropharyngeal; ablation ofthe tonsils
• N.l. pulmonary trachea, main bronchi
• Heart: an incision (see cattle)
• Liver if necessary
• N.l. gastrointestinal tract if necessary
• Kidneys and n.l. if necessary
• Umbilical region and joints if necessary

13. Inspection technique
• Pigs:
- Visualexamination: head and throat, mouth, back mouth, tongue, lungs,trachea, esophagus,
pericardium, heart, diaphragm, liver and n.l.,gastrointestinaltract,mesentery,n.l.corresponding,
spleen, kidneys, pleura, peritoneum, organs
genitals, udder and n.l.,umbilical region and joints
- Palpation: lungs and n.l.,liverand n.l.,n.l. stomach and mesenteric,spleen,umbilicalregion and joints.
- Incisions:
• N.l.submaxillary, eliminationof tonsils
• Lungs, trachea and main bronchi
• Heart: an incision
• Kidneys and n.l. (if necessary)
• N.l.mammals (sow)
• Umbilicalregion and joints (if necessary and with all precautions hygienic: risk of spread of zoonoses:
red mullet, salmonella,Pasteurella...)

14. Inspection technique
• Small ruminants:
- Visual examination: head, throat, mouth, tongue, n.l. correspondents lungs,
trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart, diaphragm, liver and n.l.
gastrointestinal tract, mesentery and n.l.
corresponding, spleen, kidneys, pleura, peritoneum, genitals, udder and n.l.,
umbilical region and joints.
- Palpation: lungs and n.l., liver and n.l., spleen, umbilical region and joints
- Incisions:
• Lung and n.l. If in doubt
• Heart in case of doubt
• Liver: visceral face (examination of the bile ducts)
• Kidneys and n.l. if necessary
• Umbilical region and joints if necessary

15. Inspection technique
• Domesticsolipeds:
- Visualexamination: head and throat, tongue, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart,diaphragm, liverand
n.l.,gastrointestinaltract, mesentery and n.l.,spleen, kidney,pleura, peritoneum, genitalia,udder and n.l.,
umbilical region and joints
- Palpation: n.l. cephalic, tongue, lungs, n.l. pulmonary, liverand n.l.,spleen,kidneys, umbilical region and joints.
- Incisions:
• N.l.cephalic, ablation of the tonsils.
• N.l.lung, if necessary. Lung, trachea and main bronchi
• Heart: an incision
• N.l.stomach and mesentery
• Kidneys and n.l.,if necessary
• N.l.breast, if necessary
• Umbilicalregion and joints, if necessary
- N.B.: horses with a gray or white dress: obligatory search for tumors
melanic: kidneys (incisedover their entire length) and rhomboid (shoulder lift)

16. Logic of Inspection
• Why seize (justification)?
- Because it is obligatory (reasons explicitly provided for by the
regulations)
• See AM. From 17/03/92, Article 31
- Public health objective: toxic products
(presence of germs, parasites, substances dangerous for the consumer)
- Business Objective:
• Reputable commodities: color, odor, shape,consistency…
• Insufficient food: composition or content useful principles

17. Calf liver: malformation

18. Bovine kidney: malformation

19. Horse Liver: steatosis

20. Logic of Inspection
• DO NOT MIX UP:
ground of seizure and justification of seizure
- The reason must be described in precise terms and
explicit, without trial of the causes or
at the evolutionary stage
- The rationale is implicit

21. Logic of Inspection
• Nature of the abnormal phenomenon:
- Traumatic?
- Toxic?
- Parasite?
- Infectious?
• Scope of the process:
- Injury
- Loco-regional effects
- General Impacts

22. Trauma and accidents
• Traumatic injury (injury, fracture, sero-hemorrhagic infiltration,
accident…)
- Regulatory definition: AM of 9 June 2000, JORF of 15 June 2000,
Article 1:
• "Injured animal: any animal which presents clinical signs provoked abruptly by
trauma or by failure of the surgery or obstetric surgery, while in a good state of
health before trauma or intervention "
• "Sick animal: any animal which exhibits manifest pathological signs with serious
repercussions on the general condition other than those defined in paragraph
preceded or appeared in different circumstances ".
- An "accident" dating back more than TWO DAYS, or the absence of
commemorates, causes the systematic euthanasia of the animal.

23. Veal shank: fracture
Very Local Infiltration
Absence of repercussion:
Very recent lesion
(per-mortem)
=> partial input

24. Bovine leg: fracture
Importance of haemorrhagic lesions, presence of fibrin
and edema: recent lesion (transport)

25. Bovine cutting: sero-haemorrhagic infiltration
Coagulated blood, fibrin and edema diffusing between the planes
muscle: advanced lesion (a few days)

26. Bovine legs: infiltration
sero-haemorrhagic
Fibrin and blood
the surface of the carcass
external contusion
Normal-looking muscle
Recent injury

27. Pelvic cow channel: sero-haemorrhagic infiltration
Probable origin: accident on the part

28. Cow back;
sero-hemorrhagic infiltration
origin: accident on the part
Very dark, overworked meat

29. Mare carcass:
Sero-hemorrhagic nfiltration
of the pelvic pathway.
Quasi-normal aspect of the
carcass but total seizure:
unfavorable bacteriological
examination

30. Carcasses of lambs:
Sero-hemorrhagic
infiltrations extensive,
due to the attack herd
by stray dogs
Total entry

31. Pork thigh:
Fracture of the femur.
Sero-hemorrhagic
infiltration.
Injury where
predominates
the blood: recent
character

32. Generalized processes
• Acute poisoning or intoxination:
- Ingestion or in situ production of
toxic(Enterotoxicosis ...)
- Liver and kidney damage: degeneration
- Sometimes hemolytic jaundice

33. Liver, tongue and kidney of bovine: fatty degeneration
Liver very hypertrophied, friable, dough consistency
Hypertrophied, degenerated kidneys
Yellow tracheal mucosa: jaundice
Toxic process not determined

34. Detail of the liver of the previous slide (hile region):
soft and friable consistency

35. Cervical Uterus: gangrenous metritis
Liver of the same animal: hepatitis and degeneration (resorption
of toxins)

36. Parasitic lesions
• What parasite?
- Zoonoses:
• Bovine Cysticercosis
• Porcine cysticercosis
• Trichinosis
- Potential zoonoses
• Echinococcosis
- Other:
• Cysticercosis other
• Ascaridoses
• Hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal strongylosis
• Distomatoses
• Hypodermosis

37. Bovine masseter: live cysticeric

38. Heart of cattle: calcified cysticercosis

39. Pig muscle:
cysticercosis
(Cysticercus
cellulosae)

40. Striped pig muscle: trichinous cyst

41. Sheep fringe:
Echinococcosis

42. Sheep diaphragm: cysticercosis with Cysticercus ovis,
larva of Taenia ovis (definitive host: canidae)

43. Liver of sheep: cysticercosis with Cysticercus taenuicollis, larva of
Taenia marginata (= T. hydatigena). Definitive host: canine
Synonyms: hepato-peritoneal cysticercosis, "water ball"

44. Bovine lung:
Induced atelectasis
by verminous plugs
Dirofilaria sp.

45. Sheep lungs: "verminous pneumonia" in its three essential forms:
1: calcified pseudotuberculosis (Muellerius capillaris), 2: "gray
pneumonia" (Protostrongylus
rufescens), 3: apical pneumonia.

46. Horse Liver: calcified pseudotubercles of
strongylian origin

47. Pork liver and intestine: ascaridosis and chronic
interstitial hepatitis

48. Bovine liver: cholangitis and sclerosis of distomic
origin (Fasciola hepatica)

49. Bovine liver: cholangitis.
Large living moat emerging from the incised bile ducts

50. Bovine liver: cholangitis and sclerosis of distomic origin
Subacute eosinophilic lymphadenitis

51. Bovine lung: partially calcified necrotic focus
erratic distomatosis

52. Sheep liver: bile duct ectasia (fasciolosis)

53. Liver of sheep: foci of scattered sclerosis:
dicrocoeliosis

54. Bovine carcass
Eosinophilic
dorsal infiltrations
Hypodermosis

55. Spinal canal of cattle: larva migrans
(hypodermosis)

56. Lesions of infectious origin
• Characteristic lesions of a communicable disease
to the man:
- Tuberculosis
- Brucellosis
- Rouget
- Salmonellosis
- Coals (bacterial and symptomatic)
- Gore

57. Bovine lung Tuberculosis
Complete Primary Complex
N.B .: the denomination of
tuberculosis is reserved for
lesions where the tubercle
bacillus by culture or
histopathology

58. Bovine lung
tuberculosis
Chronic form of organs
Other features:
Bleeding Accident
Regurgitation of agony

59. Bovine liver: caseous necrosis and multiple
nodules (tuberculosis)

60. Bovine liver: fibro-calcific lymphadenitis and parenchymatous foci
multiples of the same nature. Tuberculosis (chronic form of organs)

61. Cow Placenta: Haemorrhagic necrosis of cotyledons
(brucellosis)

62. Pork carcass:
Congestive dermatitis in foci
geometric
"Disease of the tile"
Rouget (cutaneous form)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

63. Veal liver
Necrotizing insular
hepatitis
"Ledschbor Liver"
salmonellosis

64. Bovine thigh: pseudotumoral focus of hemorrhagic necrosis:
Symptomatic Coal: Clostridium sp.

65. Cattle spleen: Intense congestion and massive
necrosis: Bacterial charcoal
"Blood of spleen" (Bacillus anthracis)

66. Lesions of infectious origin
• Other cases:
- Extent of virulence?
• Infectious focus: always virulent => seizure
• Loco-regional repercussions: lymphadenitis
• Passage into the bloodstream: syndromes
generalization
- septicemia
- septico-pyoemia
- generalized congestion

67. Liver of cattle: abscess
Encysted process: confined virulence

68. Bovine liver: hepatic necrobacillosis. Unconfined virulence

69. Lymphatic node
of cattle
Congestive Lymphadenitis

70. Bovine lymph node: fibrous lymphadenitis with hypertrophy
of lymphoid follicles

71. Pig lymph node
Congestive
Lymphadenitis

72. Bovine carcass: hemorrhagic septicemia: multiple sufferings

73. Bovine Intestine
Multiple
haemorrhagic
bleeding
septicemia

74. Bovine lung
Hemorrhagic
necrosis
outbreaks
multiple
Septico-pyaemia

75. Pig lung: pyoemic abscess

76. Bovine kidney: congestive glomerulitis

77. Bovine kidney: glomerulo-epithelial nephritis

78. Bovine kidney:
Miliary abscess
Septico-pyaemia

79. Pork kidney: congestive glomerulo-nephritis
NB: this lesion evokes red mullet

80. Bovine kidney:
multiple abscesses
Septico-pyoemia
bacillus of necrosis
cytosteatonecrosis
General congestion

81. Pork kidney:
thromboembolic
nephritis

82. Spleen of cattle: pyoemic abscess

83. Lesions of infectious origin
• Acute lesions (obligation to describe them):
- Vascular and cellular phases of inflammation
- Congestion
- Exudation
=> congestive, exudative, edematious, fibrinous,
sero-fibrinous, sero-haemorrhagic, purulent,
necrotic, gangreneous, sickly ...

84. Bovine
peritoneum
Congestive
Peritonitis

85. Bovine peritoneum
Congestive
Peritonitis

86. Bovine peritoneum
Fibrino-congestive
peritonitis

87. Bovine
peritoneum:
Fibrino-
congestive
peritonitis

88. Bovine
peritoneum:
Gangreneous
peritonitis

89. Bovine carcass:
"Generalized
congestion"
Character bleeding

90. Lesions of infectious origin
• Chronic lesions (compulsory to describe):
- Wound healing phase, fibrosis, reorganization,
exhaustion.
=> fibrous, sclerotic, cicatricial, encysted ...
=> amyotrophies, serous infiltrations

91. Bovine peritoneum:
Fibrous peritonitis

92. Bovine carcass
phthisis

93. Bovine carcass
Hydrocachexie

94. Bovine carcass:
Hydrocachexie

95. Bovine carcass:
Hydrocachexie