A condensed presentation on wireless sensor network

1. WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS
Prepared by:
Abhinay Kumar Suraj (151210011)
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National Institute of Technology Delhi

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Types of WSN
 Characteristics of a WSN
 Architecture components of a WSN
 Architecture of a WSN
 Characteristics of a middleware
 Concept of SOA for wireless networks
 Architectural issues
 Standards and Specifications
 Applications
 Challenges
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION
 What is a wireless sensor network (WSN)…?
 Motivation of development
 Parts of a sensor node in the network
 Functions of a sensor node in the network
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Constraints
Cost Size Topology

4. SENSORS
 Sensor is a device, which senses information and
passes it to the mote.
 Development of sensors over the year
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5. TYPES OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
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 Dense collection of nodes
 Ad-hoc
deployment
 Difficulty in network
maintenance
 Few and scarcely
distributed nodes
 Pre-planned deployment
 Lower network
maintenance
Unstructured WSN Structured WSN

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF A WSN
1. Self – Organization
2. Concurrency processing
3. Low cost
4. Restricted energy resources
5. Tiny
6. Small radio range
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7. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
 Service oriented architecture
 Applications
- Sensor Applications
- Node Applications
- Sensor Network Applications
 Sensor Application - Readout of a sensor , local storage of the data.
It has full access to the hardware and is able to access the operating
system directly.
 Node Application - Application specific tasks and functions of the
middleware to build up and maintain the network
 Sensor Network Application - Main tasks and required services of
the entire network
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8. CHARACTERISTICS OF A MIDDLEWARE FOR
SENSOR NETWORK
 Middleware - software layer between operating system
and application
 Primary objective of a middleware
 A middleware has to be
1. Scalable
2. Generic
3. Adaptive
4. Reflective
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9. CONCEPT OF SOA FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS
 A simple use case can help determine the software
architecture.
 Example of a simple service architecture
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10. ARCHITECTURE OF NODE APPLICATION
STRUCTURE
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 Node software has 3 parts
1. Operating System which performs device-specific tasks
2. Sensor Driver which initializes the sensor hardware and performs
the measurements in the sensor
3. Host Middleware which organizes the co- operation of the
distributed nodes in the network
A sample sensor

11. OVERALL GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
 The general overall software architecture of the sensor
net is shown in the figure
 Individual nodes interact with the distributed
middleware layer to perform the functions dictated by
the sensor network application
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12. ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES
 Energy efficiency
 Network topology
 Failure in long range communication
 Increase in traffic decreases the lifetime
 Single tier and multi tier architecture disadvantages
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13. ARCHITECTURE – CLUSTER BASED
 Proposed to tackle the previous architectural issues
 Provides Quality of management (Qos)
 Dynamic architecture – cluster is a basic unit of software
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14. STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
 Predominant standards commonly used in WSN
communications include:
1. Zig Bee - Transmit data over long distances by passing
data through intermediate devices to reach more
distant ones
2. Bluetooth - Wireless technology standard for
exchanging data over short distances from fixed and
mobile devices by creating PANs’
3. 6LoWPAN - Defined encapsulation and header
compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be
sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based
networks
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15. AVAILABLE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
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16. APPLICATIONS OF WSN
 Area monitoring
 Health care monitoring
 Air pollution monitoring
 Forest fire detection
 Landslide detection
 Water quality monitoring
 Natural disaster prevention
 Industrial monitoring
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17. TIER STRUCTURE OF WSN IN MEDICAL FIELD
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18. WSN:HOME AUTOMATION
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19. CHALLENGES
 Hardware :
1. Low cost
2. Tiny sensors
3. Lifetime maximization
4. Robustness and fault tolerance
5. Self-configuration
 Software :
1. Operating systems
2. Security
3. Mobility
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20. ADVANTAGES OF A WSN
 Avoids a lot of wiring
 Can accommodate new devices at any time
 Flexible to go through physical partitions
 It can be accessed through a centralized monitor
 Infrastructure
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21. DISADVANTAGES OF WSN
 Easy for hackers to hack a network
 Comparatively low speed of communication
 Gets distracted by various elements
 Costly at large
 Life of nodes
 Energy life
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22. FUTURE SCOPE
 More research work needs to be done in future.
 Needs to be implemented in a wireless sensor network
with mobile nodes.
 The effects of very large node densities need to be
investigated.
 The feasibility of using the clustering technique and data
aggregation needs to be tested in the same wireless
sensor network.
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23. FUTURE INTERNET
 Future of internet when a lot of IOT devices
participate.
 It will help current internet to scale further for future
need
 It will provides flexibility, promotes diversity, and
promises security and increased manageability
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24. CONCLUSION
As described, wireless sensor networks possess the
potential for many applications. The advance of
technology enabled the creation of prototype WSNs, but
the hardware and software both have a ways to go before
WSNs are practical, cost-effective, and usefully.
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25. REFERENCES
 www.wikipedia.org
 http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/tec
hnology-research/wsn2.pdf
 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228695105_S
ervice-
oriented_software_architecture_for_sensor_networks/f
ile/5046351a8ae5a75f8b.pdf
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