Solid Waste Management

1. Solid Waste Management Detailed Project Report (DPR)
The Corporation of the City of Panaji has prepared a detailed project Report (DPR) and allied
Engineering Drawings on Solid Waste Management Plan for Panaji City on an integrated approach
line with the guidelines of MoEF / CPCB and MSW Rules 2000.
The detailed Project Report covers an introduction to project, background of the planning area,
Statusof the existing Solid Waste Management System, proposed MSW Management system with
cost estimate, equipment’s and their specifications, route plans, design of waste Management
facility with cost estimates, conceptual design of sanitary landfill with cost estimates and
engineering drawings, operational and Maintenance aspects, Cost of proposed system, Financial
frame work including public private participation in establishing the MSW facility.
Panaji Cityhasa populationof 59066 souls (census 2001). It is spread in an area of 8.12 sq. kms. The
lengthof the road is 77 km. There are 68 nos of decentralized composting facilities spread all over
the city. Corporation has about 550 nos of Sanitary workers which include 315 nos. of safai
karmcharison dailywage basisanda fleetof 38 vehicles of different type / age to carry out MSWM
activity. The Panaji city is bin free and the waste from the generators is collected from the source
through door-to-door collection system. The waste is segregated at source into wet and dry
fractions.About60% of the residential complexeshave beencoveredunder4waysegregationof dry
waste namely Paper, Plastics, Metal/Glass and others. The wet waste is composted in the
composting units / stations spread all over the city. The dry waste is transported to the sorting
centres for further sorting and recovery of recyclables.
The Corporation of the City of Panaji incurs significant expenditure on MSWM. The capital
expenditure on this activity is financed mainly from the grants received from the Government.
An analysis of the data indicates that a total quantity of 72.2 TPD waste is generated in Panaji city
out of which 37% (27 TPD) is organic, 17% (22.2 TPD) is non-Biodegradable, 34% (25 TPD) is
conception and demolition waste, 11% (8 TPD) is garden waste. The calculations also suggest that
per capita waste generation is 0.255 kgs / capita / day. This proposed 100 TPD Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) Project Comprising of MSW Collection, Storage & Transportation System
and Integrated MSW processing Facility at baigunium Village of Tiswadi Taluka in North
Goa, District, Goa
The Existing Municipal solid waste is stored in a segregated form at the generator level viz.
houses, hotels, restaurants, commercial area. The residential units and all the commercial
establishments in the city other than Hotels & Restaurants store their waste in a 2-bin
system i.e Biodegradable (wet waste) and Non-biodegradable (dry waste). All the hotels and
restaurants are covered under 4-way dry waste segregation. The dry waste is stored in four
fractions in LDPE bags. Each fraction is stored in a specific colour LDPE bags specified by the
Corporation. 60% of the residential complexes are also covered under 4-way segregation of
dry waste. The dry waste from these residential complexes is stored in 240 litre trolley bins
provided by Corporation. The four dry waste fractions are paper, plastics, metal / glass and
others (multi layered material, foils, thermocol, textile etc). The waste is collected door-to-

2. door in a segregated manner through CCP Workers. Bio-degradable waste is collected on
daily basis. Non-biodegradable waste from residential units and commercial establishments
is collected bi-weekly basis. Non Bio-degradable waste from residential complexes covered
under 4 way segregation and hotels and restaurants is collected on daily basis. Manual
transfer of bio-degradable waste up to the decentralised composting units is done by means
of 240 liter bins through CCP workers. Manual transfer of non-biodegradable waste up to
the pick-up points is done by means of 240 liter trolley bins through CCP workers. Transfer
of waste from 240 liter bins into the hydraulic trucks with side lifting mechanism and rear
loading compactors is carried out by the CCP workers. Transportation of bio-degradable
waste from Municipal market up to the Bulk composting station located in the market
complex is carried out by means of 240 litres trolley bins. Transportation of the non-
biodegradable waste collected from pick-up points is done to the sorting centre located at
St. Inez, Panaji. At present the non-recyclable waste material is bailed and forwarded to
cement companies in Karnataka and the rejects from the sorting centre are transportated
and dumped at one of the temporary site located in the city.
1. The brief about the existing waste management system with respective MSW Rules
2000 is provided as under.
 Municipal solid waste is stored in a segregated form at the generator level viz. houses,
hotels, restaurants, commercial area. The residential units and all the commercial
establishments in the city other than Hotels & Restaurants store their waste in a 2-bin
systemi.e Biodegradable (wetwaste)andNon-biodegradable (drywaste).All the hotels and
restaurantsare coveredunder 4 waydry waste segregation. The dry waste is stored in four
fractionsinLDPE bags. Each fractionis storedina specificcolourLDPE bags specified by the
Corporation. 60% of the residential complexesare alsocoveredunder 4-way segregation of
dry waste.The dry waste fromthese residential complexes is stored in 240 litre trolley bins
providedbyCorporation. The four dry waste fractions are paper, plastics, metal / glass and
others (multi layered material, foils, thermocole, textile etc).
 The waste is collected door-to-door in a segregated manner through CCP Workers.
 Bio-degradable waste is collected on daily basis.
 Non-biodegradable waste from residential units and commercial
establishments is collected bi-weekly basis.
 NonBio-degradablewaste fromresidential complexes covered under 4 way
segregation and hotels and restaurants is collected on daily basis.
 Manual transferof bio-degradable waste up to the decentralised composting units is done
by means of 240 liter bins through CCP workers.
 Manual transfer of non-biodegradable waste up to the pick-up points is done by means of
240 liter trolley bins through CCP workers.
 Transfer of waste from 240 liter bins into the hydraulic trucks with side lifting mechanism
and rear loading compactors is carried out by the CCP workers
 Transportation of bio-degradable waste from Municipal market up to the Bulk composting
station located in the market complex is carried out by means of 240 litres trolley bins.

3.  Transportationof the non-biodegradable waste collectedfrompick-up points is done to the
sorting centre located at St. Inez, Panaji.
 At presentthe non-recyclablewaste materialisbailed and forwarded to cement companies
inKarnataka and the rejects from the sorting centre are transported and dumped at one of
the temporary site located in the city.
2. Disadvantages of the Existing System
 Sanitaryworkers involvedindoor-to-doorcollection,transferringof waste tothe pick-up
points and in the composting operation have not been provided with appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)s
 The existing number of composting units is insufficient in numbers to process the bio-
degradable component of waste generated and collected at present and beyond.
 Finding areas in Panaji city for setting up of new de-centralized compost units is a
difficultpropositiondue tothe fact that in Panaji city, land is scarce commodity and not
available for setting up the required MSW facilities.
 De-centralized compositing units are becoming difficult to manage and monitor
considering the total number of units setup in the city.
 Presentsortingcentre fornon-biodegradablewaste (drywaste) isnot sufficient enough
for the quantum of non-biodegradable waste received at the centre and not efficient
because of being completely manual in operation.
 Crude disposal of Construction&demolitionwaste ishappening without any facility for
disposal and resource recovery.
 Most of the vehiclesinvolvedinthe waste transportationhave surpassedtheireconomic
life.
 Presentworkshoplocated at CCP is lacking in space for parking the vehicles and also in
equipments for undertaking major repair works.
 Crude dumpingof waste ishappeningatvariouslocationsinthe outskirtsof the city due
to the absence of a centralised Engineered MSW treatment facility.
 Un-scientificmanagementof slaughterhouse waste withnoproperarrangementsforits
safe disposal.
3. Proposed system
Brief about the proposed system
 The ISWM system has been proposed for the design year 2040, for a total capacity of 100
TPD. Out of 100 TPD, 19 TPD is dry recycleable waste, 37 TPD of wet biodegradable waste,
33 TPD of construction debris and 11 TPD of tree waste.
 The primarystorage of solidwaste atthe householdlevel in segregated manner to be done
in 10 liter (for bio-degradable waste) capacity bins of green colour and 20 liter (for non-
biodegradable waste) capacity bin of black colour.
 Primary storage of solid waste in segregated manner at the Hotels, Restaurants etc., to be
done in 240 liter bins and colour coded bags .
 PrimaryStorage of solidwaste insegregated manner at the Municipal Market to be done in
240 lites capacity trolley bins.

4.  Locations for temporary storage of Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste at Zone level.
 For primary collection of Solid waste from the generators, 240 liter trolley bins have to be
provided.
 The SecondaryStorage at the publicplaces suchasparks, ferrypointsandtouristplacessuch
as beached to be done in 240 liter capacity trolley bins.
 In case of the household waste, the transfer of waste from the household to the nearest
pick-uppointtobe done by means of 240 litres capacity trolley bins. Bio-degradable waste
and non Bio-degerdable waste to be collected on daily basis by separate vehicles and
transported to the ISWMfacility at Bainguinim.
 At the Municipal Market, waste from 240 litre capacity trolley bins will be transferred
directly into 8 cum capacity refuse collector.
 In case of other generators such as Hotels, restaurants and commercial areas, the Bio-
degradable (wet) waste put in green polythelene bags and stored in the 240 liter capacity
binsto be collecteddirectlyby 8cum capacityrefuse collectors and the non Bio-degradable
(dry) waste shall be segregated in four fractions and put in different colour coded
polythelene bags prescribed by CCP.
 Cattle lifting machine to be provided for preventing the stray animal menace.
 A centralized MSW facility to be provided with the following facilities,
 A material recovery facility (MRF) for sorting and recycling of the dry fraction
 Waste-to-Energy plant based on bio-methantion & composting facility. Electricity
generated to be used for in-house plant operation
 Reuse of construction debris for filling of low lying area
 Reuse of mulched tree waste as structure material in the compost plant
 Storage and safe disposal of the E-waste.
 The centralized facility shall be using proper treatment equipment and conveyors for
handlingthe waste.The planttobe operatedusingprogrammable logiccontrollerand Scada
based automation to ensure process efficiency and minimum manual opertaion.
 A tree mulcher with a trailer system to be provided to mulch the tree cutting waste
generated in large quanity in the city daily.
 Bio-medical Waste to be sent at the Goa Medical college facilities for the final disposal in
environmentally sound manner.
4. Advantages of the Proposed System
 All the workersinvolvedincollection&transportation of waste as well as those involved in
street sweeping to be provided with personal protective equipments.
 Transportation of waste from the pickup points by rear loading compactors would avoid
manual handling and spillage of leacheat on the roads.
 Direct transfer of waste from mini-tipper to refuse Collector completely avoiding manual
contact with waste.
 Refuse collector bins for storage of market waste leading to increased capacity for storage
 Direct transfer of waste from Refuse collector bins in to Refuse Collector completely
avoiding manual contact with waste.

5.  A CentralizedIntegrated Solid Waste management (ISWM) Facility with provisions for MRF
Facility, Biomethantion system along with gas engines, In-Vessel Composting system,
Sanitary Landfill, Mobile vehicles, workshop, Facility centre for operators having canteen,
showerareaand medical room,Administrationbuilding, laboratory, Resource centre, Car &
Vechile parks,effluent treatment and recycle plant, Container storage yard, road network,
peripheral drains,greenbufferbelt,site& street lighting, ESR, fire water system, borewell,
ground water monitoring wells and plant fencing.
 Complete facility to have automatic operation and a PLC/Scada control from a central
control station.
 State-of Art,centralizedMaterial recoveryfacilityforrecovering recyclables out of the non-
biodegradable component of city waste with provisions for screening, manual sorting on a
conveyor belt, magnetic separator, bailing, packing and storage facilities.
 Biodegradable fraction shall be extruded, and converted into bio-gas/ electricity using
anaerobic bio-methantion technology. The residue shall be composted using completely
enclosed rotating in-vessel composting drums followed by storage, screening and bagging
operation.
 EngineeredSanitaryLandfillfacilitywithprovisionsforleachate managementtoscientifically
landfill the reject component from the MRF as well as the inert residue from the bio-
degradable fraction.
 Electricity generatedfromthe planttobe usedto run in-house plant operations and reduce
operation cost.
 Sale of various recycled products, compost and RDF to provide a revenue source reducing
the plant operating cost and making the operation extremely viable and profitable.
 Local manpower to be trained in operating the facilities to improve skill sets and
competence.
 A special Resource centre to exhibit the potential of converting waste into useful products
and alsoconducting regular tours for visitors, students and other academicians involved in
sustainable waste management solutions.
 In the DPR Municipal Solid Waste Management, operation, Primary and Secondary
collectionandtransportationare proposedinaccordance withthe guidelines issued
by CPCB / MoPF, actual site conditions as depicted from the extensive services
conducted and in line with MSW Rules 2000.
 Newcontainersandbinshave been proposed for primary collection and secondary
storage of waste.Alongwiththe utilizationof some of the existingvehicles, modern
transport vehicles have been proposed for waste transportation.
 For the designof sanitarylandfill,importantissues like waste to be handled, access
road, land area, evaluation of geology and hydrology of the site, surface drainage,
operational plan,layoutof MSw landfill,completedwaste fill features,estimation of
landfill capacity, embankment, foundation, selection of liner systems, selection
leachate control facilities, selection of landfill gas control facilities, aesthetic
consideration, post closure care, ground water protection, monitoring facility,
determinationof equipmentrequirement, estimated cost of the project design life
have been carefully analysed and a rational concept has been developed.

6.  Designhasalsobeendeveloped forthe processingfacility,material recovery facility
and otherfacilities.The costestimatesare prepared an area requirement work out.
COST OF THE PROPOSED SCHEME
Sr.
No.
Particulars
Price
(INR Lakhs)
1.0 Collection,Storage & Transportation System
1.1 PrimaryWaste CollectionandStorage 57.91
1.2 TransportationInfrastructure 185.57
Ref.pg No.63 of Vol. 1 of 1 (DPR) Sub Total…..1 243.48
2.0 IntegratedMSW ProcessingFacility
2.1 Civil Works 1398.39
2.2 Developmentof Landfill Cells 226.2
2,3 Mechanical,Electrical &InstrumentationWorks 6404.11
2.4 Electrical & InstrumentationWorks 414.97
Ref. Pg No.1 of Vol.2 of 1 (DetailedEstimate)
Sub Total…..2
8,443.67
3.0 Total…..1+2 8,687.15
4.0 Contingencies@3% on "3" 3.00% 260.61
5.0 Grand Total with Contingencies…..3+4 8947.76