2. INTRODUCTION
Thebreast, or mammary gland is the most
important structure in the pectoral region. Its
anatomy is of great practical importance and has to
be studied in details.
The breast is found in both sexes, but it
rudimentary in the males. It is well developed in the
female after puberty.The breast is the modified
sweat gland. It forms an important accessory organ
of the female reproductive system, and provide
nutrition to the newborn in the form of milk
3. SITUATION AND EXTENSION -
• Lies in superficial fascia of pectoral
region.
• Extend:-
Vertically- from 2nd to 6th ribs
Horizontally- Lateral border of
sternum to maxillary line.
4. SITUATION AND EXTENSION -
• Breast is devided into four
quadrants –
-Upper Lateral
-Upper Medial
-Lower Lateral
-Lower Medial
- A small extension Of the righ
upper lateral quadrant called
axillary tail of spence, passing
(foramen of Langer) through an
opening in deep fascia and lies in
the axilla.
5. STRUCTURE OF THE BREAST -
It can be decided in to 3 components-
1. SKIN WITH NIPPLE AREOLA
2. PARANCHYMA
3. STROMA
6. 1. NIPPLE-
• A conical projection
• Present just below the centre of the breast at the level of
Four intercostal space 10 cm from the mid line.
• The nipple is pierced by 15 -20 lactiferous ducts.
• It has a few modified sweat and sebaceous glands.
7. AREOLA -
• Pigmented skin surrounding nipple.
• Rich in modified sebaceous glands.These
become enlarged during pregnancy and
lactation to from raised tubercles of
Montgomery.
• Oily secretion of these glands lubricate the
nipple and areola, and prevent them from
cracking during lactation.
8. AREOLA-
• Apart from sebaceous glands,the areola also
contains some sweat glands,and accessory
mammary gland.
• The skin of the areola and nipple Is devoid of hairs,
and there is no fat subjacent to it.
• Below the areola lie Lactiferous sinus, where stored
milk is seen.
9. 2. PARANCHYMA-
• It is compound tubulo-alveolar glands
which secretes milk.
• The gland consists with 15 to 20 lobes.
• Each lobe is a cluster of alveoli, and it
drained by a lactiferous duct.
• The lactiferous ducts converge towards
the nipple and open on it.
• Near it termination each duct has a
dilatation called a lactiferous sinus.
10. 3. STROMA-
• stroma forms the support framework of
the breast/gland.
• It is partly fibrous and partly fatty.
• There are fibrous bands that provided
structural Support and insert
perpendicularly into the dermis terms
the Suspensory ligament of cooper.
That is the involvement of the Cooper’s
ligament ➡️ Skin retraction.
11. BLOOD SUPPLY -
• The mammary glands is extremely vascular.
1. Internal thoracic artery – A branch of
subclavian artery, through its perforating
branches.
2. The lateral thoracic, superior thoracic and
acromiothoracic branches of the axillary
artery.
3. Lateral branch of the posterior intercostal
arteries.
12. NERVE SUPPLY-
• Sensory breast innervation is from:-
Intercostal nerve 2nd to 6th
Lateral cutaneous nerve 3rd to 6th
Supraclavian branches
13. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE-
Specialized lymphatic channels collect under the nipple and
areola and from Sappey’s plexus-
• 75% - Axillary nodes
• 20% - Internal mammary nodes
• 5% - Posterior intercostal nodes
