The AI ​​algorithm was able to distinguish between a healthy brain and a brain with Alzheimer's with 86% accuracy. But more importantly, it was able to distinguish between a healthy brain and a brain with mild cognitive impairment with 84% accuracy. This means that the algorithm can detect changes in the brain that cause Alzheimer's almost a decade before clinical signs appear.

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO
DIAGNOSE ALZHEIMER’S EARLY
Tuğçe ARSLAN

2. Studies are
carried out
worldwide to
use Artificial
Intelligence
(AI), which
has become
a part of life,
in treating
Alzheimer’s
disease, also
known as
“Dementia”
among people.
Some studies
state that
the onset of
Alzheimer’s
disease can
be predicted
with 99 percent
accuracy
through
Artificial
Intelligence (AI).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data,
more than 55 million people live with Alzheimer’s worldwide.
Therefore, the patient needs to go through many screenings and
tests to diagnose the disease.
With Artificial Intelligence (AI) studies, scientists are working
on a system that can detect Alzheimer’s disease without symp-
toms and only with a brain scan.
In 2017, Nicola Amoroso and Marianna La Rocca of the
University of Bari in Italy worked on an Artificial Intelligence (AI)
algorithm to distinguish structural changes in the brain caused by
Alzheimer’s disease.
An Artificial Intelligence (AI)–based technique has been de-
veloped that can detect changes in the brains of people at high
risk of Alzheimer’s disease ten years before the infection is diag-
nosed. The process uses magnetic resonance (MR) images of the
brain to determine how different brain parts are connected.
Alzheimer’s is a nervous system disease that is the most com-
mon cause of Dementia in the elderly and causes memory loss
and cognitive functions. Therefore, it is essential to develop an
effective method for the early diagnosis of the disease. Because
although there is no cure for the disease yet, the sooner the
drugs under development are administered, the more effective
they will likely be. Early detection may also allow individuals to
make lifestyle changes to slow the progression of the disease.
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3. The researchers first trained the algorithm using 67 MRI
images, 38 of which belonged to Alzheimer’s patients and 29
healthy individuals. The goal was to teach the algorithm to distin-
guish between diseased and healthy brains. First, the researchers
divided the brain scan images into small pieces. By varying the
size of the parts they split into different trials, they determined the
piece size that gave the best results. They then tested the algo-
rithm using brain scan images from another group of 148 peo-
ple. In this group, 52 people were healthy, and 48 were Alzhei-
mer’s patients. Forty–eight people had mild cognitive impairment
(MLD), but it was known that these people also got Alzheimer’s
after 2.5 to 9 years. The AI algorithm distinguished between a
healthy brain and a brain with Alzheimer’s with 86% accura-
cy. But more importantly, it was able to differentiate between a
healthy brain and a brain with mild cognitive impairment with
84% accuracy. This means that the algorithm can detect changes
in the brain that cause Alzheimer’s almost a decade before clini-
cal signs appear. However, the researchers were limited by their
data, so they could not test whether the algorithm could predict
disease onset even earlier.
In addition, researchers from the University of Kaunas in
Lithuania announced on September 3 that they are working on
a method based on deep learning that can predict the possible
onset of Alzheimer’s disease 99 percent by looking at brain
images.
With the method being developed, the brain tomographs of
people with suspected Alzheimer’s disease are compared with
the brain films of Alzheimer’s patients. Thanks to Artificial Intelli-
gence (AI) aim to detect common patterns that scientists cannot
see in the brain film.
As a result of
the research, it
was observed
that Artificial
Intelligence
(AI) detected
Alzheimer’s
with 86 percent
accuracy, and
this detection,
which can be
made before the
symptoms of the
disease appear,
is expected
to pave the
way for early
diagnosis of
Alzheimer’s.
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4. The drug that destroys the amyloid components created by
Alzheimer’s in the brain will be tried for the first time.
On the other hand, on November 16, Brigham & Women’s
Hospital in the USA announced that it would start nasal spray
trials to prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and slow
down the problems it causes.
It was announced that the drug, which will be tried on a
human for the first time, will be tested on 16 people for the first
time on June 24, and a total of 4 doses of nasal spray treatment
will be started for each participant within a period of 5 to 6
weeks.
It was stated that the nasal spray contains the substance
“Protollin,” which stimulates the immune system and activates the
white blood cells. This drug purifies the protein fragments called
“amyloid” that the disease accumulates in the brain.
Experts stated that if the clinical trial is successful, it can be
used in treatment within 5–6 years. Results from the study are
expected by the summer of 2022.
In the UK, it was revealed that Alzheimer’s
could be reversed.
In a study conducted at the University of Leicester on Novem-
ber 15, it was stated that Alzheimer’s was changed in an experi-
ment conducted by scientists on mice.
In the study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, ex-
perts studied the method to stop the disease early and prevent its
occurrence without showing symptoms.
The researchers reported that by working on mice, they
managed to prevent the formation of protein plaques in the body
with an antibody called “TAP01–04,” thus reversing Alzheimer’s.
It was noted that the treatment, which is stated to cost 15
pounds, can be used as a vaccine, and its trials on humans can
be started within two years.
Commenting on the research results, Mark Carr stated that
the vaccine could be administered to Alzheimer’s patients who
show symptoms and people suspected of Alzheimer’s but do not
show signs.
The algorithm
could be handy,
especially if
preventative
treatments for
Alzheimer’s are
available.
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