Application of volatile aldehydes for enhancement of storage life of fruits

2. Ziaullah Sulaimankhil
Roll No. 21058 (M. Sc. 2nd Year)
Division of Food Science & Postharvest Technology

3. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Different uses / applications
 Case Studies
 Overall conclusion
 Future path
ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,NewDelhi

4. Structure of aldehydes:
INTRODUCTION
Aldehyde: Class of organic compounds, in which a
carbon atom shares a double bond with an oxygen
atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a
single bond with another atom or group of atoms
(Carey and Sundberg, 2007).

8. Phytotoxicity
Off-flavour
Peel discoloration
GRAS substance
Easy application
Low cost
Valentyn, 2007

9. Volatile
aldehydes
Decay
control
Astringency
removal
Improve
quality
Maintain
firmness
Enhance
postharvest
shelf life
Sprout
inhibitors
Uses / applications
(Watkins and Ekman, 2005).

11. CASE STUDY-I
Antora et al., 2018
• Effects of formaldehyde on Mango, Litchi and mushrooms
qualities.
• Effects of formaldehyde on Mango, Litchi and mushrooms
shelf-life.
Objectives

12. Three fruits were treated with formaldehydes (mango ,
litchi and oyster mushroom)
Dipped in 0% , 1% , 5% and 10% concentration
For 15 minutes
Than packed in a modified atmosphere for reading
Changes in color , texture , and weight loss were observed
(every alternate day )
Materials and methods:

13. Results:

14. Cont..
Mean weight loss of samples at different formaldehyde concentration
Sample Formaldehyde Concentration
0 % 1% 5% 10%
Litchi 5.21 6.90 5.38 5.13
Mango 2.67 3.16 3.02 2.97
Mushroom 24.23 16.24 8.63 13.77

15. Cont..

16. Cont..

17. Cont..

18. Conclusion
3- Formaldehyde is not a useful preservation to
improve the post harvest quality and shelf life of
fruits and vegetables
2- Effect of formaldehyde on postharvest quality and
shelf life was not significant
1- The formaldehyde solution have only significant
effect on weight loss of mushroom at 5 %
concentration

19. Simpson et al., (2003)
CASE STUDY-II
• Effects of acetaldehyde on fruits quality for harvested
strawberries
• Effects of acetaldehyde on target pests ( Thrips and two
spotted spider mite) mortality for harvested strawberries
Objectives

20. Strawberry fruit
Aa concentration 1%
, 2% , 3% and 4%
Vepored for 2 hr at 24 oC
Storage
0 OC
4 days
20 OC
2 days

21. Damage score : 1(none) , 2(slight) , 3(moderate) , 4(severe).
Result : Firmness ,color , TSS and berry damage were not significantly different
between (T & un.T) but calyx damage was higher in fruit treated with 3 or 4% Aa.
Applied acetaldehyde concentration

22. Treatment atmosphere (Air and 20 kpa CO2)

24.  Acetaldehyde treatment did not significantly impact on
fruit firmness, color and TSS
Calyx damage increased with increasing concentration of
Acetaldehyde ,strawberry fruit tolerated exposure to 1 or
2% Aa with little or no damage to the fruit calyx
Western flower thrips were not completely controlled by
any of the treatment , But >95 % mortality was achieved
by a 2 h exposure to 3 or 4 % acetaldehyde
Conclusion

25. Gill et al., 2016
Case study III
• Increasing postharvest shelf life of guava by pre-harvested
application of hexanal having aqueous formulation.
• Enhancing postharvest quality of guava by pre-harvested
application of hexanal containing aqueous formulation.
Objectives

26. To evaluate the effect of hexanal containing aqueous formulation on
shelf life enhancement and quality of guava cv. Allahabad safeda
Aqueous hexanal formulation (EFF-0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02%)
Calcium nitrate (1%, 2%, 4%)
Spray @ 10 l/ tree (knapsack sprayer)
Spray 2 week before harvest
Storage at 6-8 °C, 90-95% RH
Observation was taken at weekly interval for 5 weeks.
Materials and method

27. Changes in fruit firmness as a result of pre-harvest application of the Enhanced
Freshness Formulation (0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% v/v hexanal, respectively) or
Ca(NO3)2 (1%, 2%, 4% w/v)
70
30
Fruit firmness

28. Changes in total phenols as a result of pre-harvest application of Enhanced
Freshness Formulation (0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% hexanal) or Ca (NO3) 2
,(1%, 2%, 4%)
1.65g/kg
Phenol content

29. Weight loss
Decay incidence
Result of Weight loss and decay

30. The effect of pre-harvest application of the Enhanced Freshness Formulation
(1.5% of hexanal) on the appearance of guava fruit before harvest (A); after 14 d
(B); and 28 d (C); of cold storage as compared to the fruit from control trees

31. Conclusion
The guava fruit treated with pre-harvest sprays of EFF (1.5%
hexanal) 2 weeks before harvest most efficiently retained the fruit
quality attributes up to 28 d during cold storage at 6–8 °C and 90–
95% RH
Fruits Treated with 0.015% v/v of hexanal formulation showed
minimum decay incidence, reduced PME, increased firmness, TSS,
acidity, pectin and phenol content and also maintained highly
acceptable organoleptic ratings for up to 4 week of storage
Control guava have 57% lesser fruit firmness as compared to the
treated guava on 28th day

32. Volatile Aldehydes Crops Effect on plant References
Acetaldehyde Apple The influence on added acetaldehyde
and ethanol on changes of aroma
compounds in apples .
Vidrih et
al.,1999
Hexanal Mango Pre-harvest sprays of hexanal
formulation for extending retention
and shelf-life of mango (Mangifera
indica L.) fruits
Anusuya et
al., 2016
Hexanal Tomato Improving quality of greenhouse
tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by
pre- and postharvest applications of
hexanal-containing formulations
Cheema et al.,
2014
Hexanal Mango Post-harvest treatments for extension
of mango fruit var. Dashehari
(Mangifera indica L.)
Thakur et al.,
2017
Effects of volatile aldehydes on storage life of fruits

33. Overall Conclusion
1. Phytotoxicity, off-flavour and peel discoloration are the
demerits and GRAS substance, easy application and low
cost are the merits of aldehydes
2. Aldehydes are the compounds use in a storage life of many
fruits such as, decay control, sprout inhibitors, enhance
postharvest shelf life, maintain firmness, improve quality
and astringency (Watkins and Ekman, 2005)
3. Hexanal ,Acetaldehyde, formaldehyde are used in storage
life of fresh fruits and it have significant effects on their
shelf life and quality
4. Hexanal is the most use volatile aldehyde which has more
scope in storage of many fruits

34. Future Path
 Aldehydes need to study, for more specialize and
specific use of them in storage life of fresh fruits
 Study aldehydes health hazards to minimize the side
effects on mammalians
 Study aldehydes to discover new compounds of
aldehydes which have less hazards and more benefits