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‫ومالداری‬ ‫آبیاری‬ ، ‫زراعت‬ ‫وزارت‬
‫افغانستان‬ ‫زراعتی‬ ‫محصوالت‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫پروژه‬
(AAPMP)
‫پیاز‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫وذخیره‬ ‫آوری‬ ‫جمع‬
‫کننده‬ ‫ترتیب‬:‫سلیمانخیل‬ ‫ضیاهللا‬
‫باغداری‬ ‫محصوالت‬ ‫برداشت‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫تکنالوجی‬ ‫رشته‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارشد‬ ‫کارشناس‬
Ziaullah Sulaimankhil Post Harvest Technologist/Horticulturist-AAPMP/MAIL, 2020
‫بحث‬ ‫مٌسد‬ ‫مٌضٌعات‬:
‫آتیاسی‬ ‫تْقف‬(‫سطْتت‬ ‫عاختي‬ ‫کن‬)
ٍ‫دیذ‬ ‫آهْصػ‬ ‫افشاد‬ ّ ‫اؽخاؿ‬ ‫تْعط‬ ‫آّسی‬ ‫جوع‬
‫صثخ‬ ‫اصطشف‬ ‫آّسی‬ ‫جوع‬(‫پائیي‬ ‫پیاص‬ ‫داخلی‬ ‫دشاست‬
‫هیثاؽذ‬)
‫عٌگِا‬ ّ ‫کلْر‬ ‫اص‬ ‫پیاص‬ ‫کشدى‬ ‫پاک‬
1.‫ق‬ ‫صساعتی‬ ‫عملیات‬‫ب‬‫حاصل‬ ‫سفع‬ ‫اص‬ ‫ل‬
‫صسد‬‫ؽذى‬‫تشگِای‬‫تذتاًی‬‫پیاص‬
َ‫چپ‬‫ؽذى‬50%‫تشگِای‬‫پیاص‬
‫تشای‬‫سعیذى‬َ‫ت‬‫پختگی‬‫تایذ‬14-15‫سّص‬‫قثل‬‫اصسفع‬
‫داصل‬‫آتیاسی‬‫قطع‬‫گشدد‬.
‫داصل‬‫جوع‬‫آّسی‬ٍ‫ؽذ‬‫تایذ‬‫دس‬‫صهیي‬‫ُوْاس‬،‫گشدد‬
‫تاتشگ‬‫ُای‬‫عثض‬‫خْد‬‫سا‬َ‫ًثاخت‬َ‫تاؽ‬‫جوع‬‫آّسی‬
‫ًگشدد‬.
‫فصل‬‫ًوْیی‬‫پیاص‬125–150‫سّص‬‫ضشّست‬‫داسد‬.
‫پیاص‬‫دس‬‫سّصُای‬‫آفتاتی‬ٍ‫کؾیذ‬‫ؽْد‬.
1.1‫پیاص‬ ‫کلچو‬ ‫آًسی‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫ًقت‬
2.1‫پیاز‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫خشک‬:
‫کلچه‬‫گردد‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫باید‬ ‫حتما‬ ‫آوری‬ ‫ازجمع‬ ‫پیازبعد‬.
‫درجای‬ ‫ازمزرعه‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫یا‬ ‫پیازدرمزرعه‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫خشک‬
‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫گرفته‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫دیگر‬.
‫وحرارت‬ ‫رطوبت‬ ‫به‬ ‫پیاز‬ ‫کلچه‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫مدت‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ارتباط‬ ‫ماحول‬(2-3)‫هفت‬.
‫برای‬‫درسایه‬ ‫پیاز‬ ‫بیشتر‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫خشک‬‫گردد‬ ‫انتقال‬.
‫خؾک‬‫ًوْدى‬‫پیاص‬‫ُا‬‫دس‬‫اطاق‬‫ّیا‬‫صیش‬‫داالى‬‫ُا‬َ‫،جایک‬
‫پیاص‬‫اص‬‫تاسًذگی‬‫هذفْظ‬‫ُّْا‬‫جشیاى‬َ‫داؽت‬‫تاؽذ‬.
2.‫پیاز‬ ‫آوری‬ ‫ازجمع‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫عملیات‬
‫پیاصُا‬‫خْب‬‫خؾک‬ٍ‫ؽذ‬‫تا‬‫لوظ‬‫ًوْدى‬‫تْعط‬
‫دعت‬‫تشگِا‬‫ّگشدى‬َ‫کلچ‬‫پیاصخؾک‬‫ادغاط‬‫هی‬
‫ؽْد‬.
‫تا‬‫دعت‬‫صدى‬‫پْعتک‬‫خاسجی‬‫پیاص‬‫اص‬‫پیاص‬‫جذا‬
‫هیؾْد‬.
َ‫سیؾ‬‫ُای‬‫عین‬‫هاًٌذ‬ٍ‫گشدیذ‬‫ّپْعت‬‫کاغز‬‫هاًٌذ‬
‫عخت‬‫ّهذکن‬‫هیگشدد‬.
2.2‫پیاص‬ ‫شذن‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫عالیم‬
‫باشد‬ ‫نگردیده‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫پیازکامال‬ ‫زمانیکه‬ ‫تا‬
‫نگردد‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫آنها‬ ‫برگهای‬ ‫بهتراست‬
ٍ‫اصرخیش‬ ‫قثل‬ ‫تشگِا‬ ‫ًوْدى‬ ‫قطع‬3-2
‫عاًتی‬
‫ًوْدى‬ ‫ّدّس‬ ‫ُا‬ َ‫سیؾ‬ ‫ًوْدى‬ ‫قطع‬
‫پیاص‬ ‫پْعتک‬
2.3‫پیاص‬ ‫بشگيای‬ ‫نمٌدن‬ ‫قطع‬
‫باید‬ ،‫نمودن‬ ‫ازذخیره‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫پیازها‬
‫گردد‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫ودرجه‬ ‫سورت‬.
‫باید‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫ودرجه‬ ‫سورت‬ ‫درجریان‬
‫پیازهای‬‫بمرض‬ ‫مصاب‬،‫زخمی‬،
‫دوگانه‬‫دارای‬ ،‫وگردن‬ ‫گلی‬ ‫ساقه‬
‫گردد‬ ‫وبرطرف‬ ‫پیازجدا‬ ‫ازتوده‬ ‫ضخیم‬
‫پیاز‬‫به‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫عرضه‬ ‫از‬ ‫قبل‬
‫بندی‬ ‫ودرجه‬ ‫سورت‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫مارکیت‬
‫میگردد‬.
2.4‫پیاز‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫ودرجه‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫سورت‬
‫بهتراست‬ ‫ها‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫درذخیره‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫پیازبرای‬
‫شود‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫بسته‬ ‫مانند‬ ‫جالی‬ ‫های‬ ‫دربوری‬
‫برای‬ ‫هوا‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫ها‬ ‫جالی‬ ‫های‬ ‫منفذ‬ ‫ازطریق‬
‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫گرفته‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫پیازها‬ ‫کلچه‬ ‫تمام‬.
3.4‫پیاص‬ ‫بنذی‬ ‫بستو‬
‫پیاص‬ ‫رخیشه‬ ‫بشای‬ ‫گزاسی‬ ‫پالن‬:
‫ذخیره‬ ‫اطراف‬ ‫چهار‬ ‫الصحه‬ ‫حفظ‬
‫ذخیره‬ ‫در‬ ‫پیاز‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫و‬ ‫درست‬ ‫استفاده‬
‫به‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫بوجی‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫جابجا‬
‫مناسب‬ ‫طریقه‬
‫خانه‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫از‬ ‫مراقبت‬
‫خاک‬ ‫و‬ ‫امراض‬ ‫از‬ ‫عاری‬ ‫باید‬ ‫محصول‬
‫باشد‬
4.1‫پیاز‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫شرایط‬:
‫درجه‬ ‫صفر‬ ‫آن‬ ‫حرارت‬ ‫درجه‬
‫نسبتی‬ ‫رطوبت‬70-60‫فیصد‬
‫کافی‬ ‫تهویه‬
‫ازنورآفتاب‬ ‫محافظت‬
‫ازپکه‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫درذخیره‬ ‫پیاز‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫ازفاسد‬ ‫جلوگیری‬ ‫برای‬
‫شود‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫وهواکش‬ ‫ها‬.
‫نگردد‬ ‫نگهداری‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫دریک‬ ‫یکجا‬ ‫وکچالو‬ ‫پیاز‬.
4.‫پیاز‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫ذخیره‬
َ‫اداه‬...
‫ؽذى‬ ‫ّچولک‬ ‫ّصى‬ ‫کاُؼ‬ ‫تاعث‬ ‫پیاص‬ ًَ‫خا‬ ٍ‫دسرخیش‬ ‫دشاست‬ َ‫دسج‬ ‫تْدى‬ ‫تلٌذ‬
‫ًوایذ‬ ‫هی‬ ‫تذشیک‬ ‫پیاصُاسا‬ َ‫کلچ‬ ‫صدى‬ ًَ‫ّجْا‬ ٍ‫پیاصگشدیذ‬.
‫ُای‬ َ‫سیؾ‬ ‫ًوْی‬ ‫تاؽذ‬ ‫تلٌذ‬ ‫ًغثتی‬ ‫پیاصسطْتت‬ ًَ‫خا‬ ٍ‫دسرخیش‬ َ‫دسصْستیک‬
‫گشدد‬ ‫هی‬ ‫تذشیک‬ ‫ُا‬ ‫ّپْپٌک‬ ‫جذیذ‬.
‫ؽْد‬ َ‫گزاؽت‬ ‫هیض‬ ‫تاالی‬ ‫هاًٌذ‬ ‫جالی‬ ‫ُای‬ ‫تْجی‬
ّ20‫تاؽذ‬ َ‫داؽت‬ َ‫فاصل‬ ‫هتش‬ ‫عاًتی‬.
5-6‫ؽْد‬ ٍ‫چیذ‬ ‫تْجی‬.
‫دیْاس‬ ‫اص‬ ‫ُا‬ ‫تْسی‬30‫تاؽذ‬ َ‫داؽت‬ َ‫فاصل‬.
‫ؽْد‬ ٍ‫چیذ‬ ‫هقاطع‬ ‫تؾکل‬ ‫ُا‬ ‫تْسی‬.
4.2‫خانه‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫بوری‬ ‫چیدن‬
‫هایدرازید‬ ‫مالیک‬ ‫استعمال‬
‫آى‬ ‫اعتعوال‬ َ‫طشیق‬:
‫اصجوع‬ ‫قثل‬ َ‫دُّفت‬‫ؽْد‬ ‫اعتعوال‬ ‫آّسی‬.
ّ50ٍ‫ؽذ‬ َ‫چپ‬ ‫آى‬ ‫تشگِای‬ ‫فیصذ‬‫تاؽذ‬.
1.5‫دس‬ ‫کیلْگشام‬300‫جشیة‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ّتشای‬ ‫دل‬ ‫آب‬ ‫لیتش‬
‫گشدد‬ ‫اعتعوال‬ ‫صهیي‬.
‫عشد‬ًَ‫خا‬‫تخاطش‬‫طشح‬ٍ‫گشدیذ‬ٍ‫ؽذ‬َ‫ک‬
‫هذصْالت‬‫سا‬‫اصضایعات‬‫جلْگ‬‫ی‬‫شی‬‫ؽْد‬.‫تا‬‫کؾْس‬
‫ُا‬‫تغْی‬‫خْد‬‫کفایی‬‫تگشدد‬.
5.‫سشدخانو‬
5.1
5.1.A-Zero Energy cold store
‫در‬ ‫هم‬ ‫هنوز‬ ‫که‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫بسیارقدیمی‬ ‫سیستم‬
‫در‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫سرد‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫این‬ ‫است‬ ‫مروج‬ ‫کشورهای‬
‫زمین‬ ‫زیر‬(‫تاکاوی‬)‫محصول‬ ‫برای‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬
‫است‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫وکچالو‬ ‫سیب‬.
5.1.B-‫اتمٌسفیش‬ ‫کنتشًل‬ ‫دخیشخانو‬(Control
Atmosphere Store)
‫حرارت‬ ‫برعالوه‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬
‫ورطوبت‬‫نیز‬ ‫اتموسفیرهوا‬‫کنترول‬‫میشود‬.
5.1.C-‫داس‬ ‫یخچال‬ ‫خانو‬ ‫دخیشه‬:
‫سیستم‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫حرارت‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫دخیره‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫این‬
‫ی‬‫خ‬‫میشود‬ ‫کنترول‬ ‫ها‬ ‫چال‬.
‫ها‬ ‫سردخانه‬ ‫انواع‬
5.2‫ىا‬ ‫خانو‬ ‫سشد‬ ‫فٌایذ‬
1-‫خطشات‬ ‫تخؾیذى‬ ‫تقلیل‬
2-‫ًقل‬ ‫دول‬ ‫هصاسف‬ ‫تقلیل‬
3-‫خشیذاس‬ ‫تؾْیؼ‬
4-‫ًشخِا‬ ‫ًگِذاؽتي‬ ‫ثاتت‬
5-‫صیاد‬ ‫هذت‬ ‫تشای‬ ‫هذصْالت‬ ‫ًگِذاؽتي‬
‫عذم‬‫اصالح‬ ‫ُای‬ ‫تخن‬ َ‫ت‬ ‫دُاقیي‬ ‫دعتشعی‬ٍ‫ؽذ‬.
‫دعتشعی‬ ‫عذم‬َ‫ت‬ ‫دُاقیي‬‫صساعتی‬ ‫االت‬ ‫هاؽیي‬.
ً‫خا‬ ٍ‫رخیش‬ ‫کوثْد‬َ‫ُای‬‫عصشی‬‫پیا‬‫ص‬.
‫قیمت‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫پایین‬
‫هاسکیت‬ ‫ًثْدى‬
‫تشاًغپْستیؾي‬ ‫قیوت‬
‫تٌگذعتی‬ ‫تخاطش‬ ‫آّسی‬ ‫جوع‬ ‫اص‬ ‫تعذ‬ ‫فشّػ‬
5.3‫پیاز‬ ‫زنجیره‬ ‫عمده‬ ‫مشکالت‬
Inputs Supply
Producer/
Farmer
Transportat
ion
Processing
Traders
/Wholesalers
Domestic
Market
International
Market
‫آن‬ ‫حل‬ ‫ىای‬ ‫ساه‬
‫ها‬ ‫مارکیت‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫جستجو‬‫برای‬‫بلند‬ ‫قیمت‬
ٌَ‫هعی‬ ‫سّصُای‬ ‫دس‬ ‫کْچک‬ ‫ُای‬ ‫هاسکیت‬ ‫ایجاد‬
‫گشّپی‬ ‫ّتجاست‬ ‫تجوع‬ ‫هشاکض‬ ‫ایجاد‬
‫ُا‬ ‫قیوت‬ ‫دسهْسد‬ ‫تیؾتش‬ ‫هعلْهات‬
‫آّسی‬ ‫اصجوع‬ ‫تعذ‬ ‫ُای‬ ‫سّػ‬
‫ر‬ٍ‫خیش‬َ‫ّعشهای‬ ‫ُای‬ ًَ‫خا‬
‫دسهْعن‬ ‫ًوْدى‬ ‫ّخاسج‬ ٍ‫دسرخیش‬ ‫هذصْل‬ ‫ًگِذاؽت‬.
‫شما‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫از‬ ‫تشکر‬

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4 onion post harvest 2020