4. What is Demography?
Demography is the study of human populations (their
size, composition and distribution across place, and the
process through which populations change.
Births, deaths and migration are the ‘big three’ of
demography, jointly producing population stability or
change
5. Demographic Dimensions
•Important operational dimensions for
understanding market segments and
developing marketing mixes
–Much good data is available
•Important for determining size of
consumer target markets
–Is the market substantial?
•Seeing demographic trends helps
identify opportunities
–Shifts in age distribution
–Geographic growth/decline
6. Demography Of Pakistan
Nationality
Pakistani
Ethnic groups
Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtu (Pathan)
15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%,
Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other
6.28%
Religions
Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%),
other (includes Christian and Hindu)
5%
Population on Mar 18, 2012
179019103
Age structure
0-14 years: 35.4% (male 34,093,853/female
32,278,462)
15-64 years: 60.4% (male 58,401,016/female
54,671,873)
65 years and over: 4.2% (male
3,739,647/female 4,157,870)
Median age
total: 21.6 years
male: 21.5 years
female: 21.6 years
7. Population growth rate
1.573%
Birth rate
24.81 births/1,000 population
Death rate
6.92 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate
Net mi-2.17 migrant(s)/1,000
population
Demography Of Pakistan
Languages
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant)
10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca
of Pakistani elite and most government ministries),
Burushaski, and other 8%
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 49.9%
male: 63%
female: 36% (2005 est.)
Education expenditures
2.7% of GDP (2009)
Health expenditures
2.6% of GDP (2009)
8. Urbanization
urban population: 36% of total population(2010) .
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change
(2010-15 est.)
Gender ratio
at birth: 1.05 male/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male/female
total population: 1.07 male/female (2011 est.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 65.99 years
male: 64.18 years
female: 67.9 years (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.1% (2009 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS
98,000 (2009 est.)
Demography Of Pakistan
9. Geography in Pakistan
Pepsi Cola Factory, Sindh located in Pakistan, more detail is as below
Place
•Name : Pepsi Cola Factory
•ASCII Name : Pepsi Cola Factory
•Alternate Names : Pepsi Cola
Factory
•Feature Class : P (City, Village, ...)
•Feature Code : PPLX (section of
populated place)
•Country Code : PK
•Country Code 3 : PAK
•Country/Region : Pakistan
•Admin 1 Code : 05 (Sindh)
Other Information
•Population : 0
•Digital Elevation Model : 22
•Timezone : Asia/Karachi (+5.00)
•Modification Date : 2012-01-21
•Geoname ID : 7923015
•Latitude : 25.38
•Longitude : 68.39
10. PepsiCo, Inc.
Consumer products giant focusing on
convenient snacks, foods & beverages
Fortune 100 company
Over 143,000 employees worldwide
Founded in 1965 via merger of Pepsi-Cola
and Frito-Lay
Tropicana acquired in 1998
Merged with Quaker in 2001
2002 Net Sales of $25 Billion
2002 Operating profits of $5.3 Billion
2002 EPS growth of +26%
+13% earnings growth or better for the past 15
quarters
15 brands that each generate over $1 billion in sales
annually
12. PepsiCo Beverages & Foods-Pakistan
Pakistan Foods: Quaker oatmeal, ready-
to-eat cereals, rice and pasta side dishes,
pancake mixes and syrup
Sports/Fitness Beverages: Gatorade and
Propel
Convenience Foods: Quaker granola bars,
Crispums, cereal bars
Shelf Stable Beverages: Tropicana Twister,
Tropicana Juice Blends
13. Our employees value the freedom to act - that is
a core part of our informal work environment.
The absence of hierarchy means that the ability
to create effective relationships is a key to
success at PepsiCo.
Culture of Shared Principles
Lifestyle
Fun, high energy culture
Talented, diverse workforce
Company-subsidized fitness center
Headquarters located in downtown pakistan
14. Quality People
We have world-class people at every level, in
every division, in every country contributing to our
success every day.
Accounting and/or Finance majors (cumulative GPA >
3.0/4.0)
Finance majors must complete a minimum of 12-15
hours of accounting courses, including intermediate
accounting
Solid financial and technical skills
Good interpersonal skills
15. Differences in Culture
Societies’ differ along cultural dimensions
What is culture?
How/why do social structure, religion, language
influence cultural differences?
What are differences between culture and values in
the workplace (corporate culture)?
Culture changes over time. What are some reasons
behind this?
Implications for business managers
17. What is Culture?
Culture: a society’s (group’s) system of shared,
learned values and norms; these are the society’s
(group’s) design for living
Values: abstract ideas about the good, the right,
the desirable
Norms: social rules and guidelines; guide
appropriate behavior for specific situations
Folkways: norms of little moral significance
dress code; table manners; timeliness
Mores: norms central to functioning of social
life
bring serious retribution: thievery,
adultery, alcohol
18. National Culture
“Nation” is a useful:
Definition of society
similarity among people a cause -- and effect -- of
national boundaries
Way to bound and measure culture for
conduct of business
culture is a key characteristic of societ
can differ significantly across national borders
also within national borders
laws are established along national lines
Culture is both a cause and an effect of
economic and political factors that vary
across national borders
19. Religion: system of shared beliefs about the sacred
Ethical systems: moral principles or values that shape
and guide behavior; often products of religion
Major religious groups and some economic implications
Christianity protestant work ethic
Islam Islamic economic principles
Hinduism anti-materialistic, socially stratified
Buddhism anti-materialistic, social equality
Confucianism hierarchy, loyalty, honesty
Religion, Ethics and Culture
20. Language: Culture Bound
Language, spoken
“private” does not exist as a word in many languages
Eskimos: 24 words for snow
Words which describe moral concepts can be unique to
countries or areas
Spoken language precision important in low-context cultures
Language, unspoken
Context... more important than spoken word in high context
cultures
Education and Culture
Education
Medium through which people are acculturated
Language, “myths,” values, norms taught
Teaches personal achievement and competition
Critical to national competitive advantage
Education system may be a cultural outcome
21. Culture and the workplace
Finds national culture dimensions meaningful to business
Basis:
Work related values not universal
National values may persist over MNC efforts to create corporate culture
Home country values often used to determine HQ policies
MNC may create morale problems with uniform moral norms
Purpose: understanding of business situations across-cultures
MUST understand own culture AND other culture(s)
Geert Hofstede – sampled 100,000 IBM employees 1963-1973
Compared employee attitudes and values across 40 countries
Isolated 4 dimensions summarizing culture:
1. Power distance
2. Individualism vs. collectivism
3. Uncertainty avoidance
4. Masculinity vs. feminity
22. Cultural Change Over Time
Change is slow and often painful
Shifts away from “traditional values” towards “secular values”
Changes with shift from “survival values” to “self-expression
values”
Geographic and cultural (or pshychic) distance
among countries may not be the same
Key concept which can affect IB strategy and
conduct
Cultural Distance
