4. 1. はじめに
本研究の主張
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▶ 移動動詞によって共起しやすい経路表現に差がある
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(1) a. They went into the saloon. (BNC-CH0)
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b. Ruth jumped out of the jeep at the heavy
wrought-iron gates. (BNC-JY4)
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c. She ducked beneath the concrete walkway
and strode along an avenue (…). (BNC-CJA)
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▷ 経路表現の分布を基にした移動動詞の分類
8. 2. 先行研究
Talmy (1996)
▶ Windowing と Gapping という概念を提唱
- 経路表現の全てが表現されるとは限らない
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(2) a. out of the plane into the ocean (source + goal)
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b. out of the airplane (source)
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c. through the air (trajectory)
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Talmy (1996: 245)
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9. 2. 先行研究
Stefanowitsch and Rohde (2003)
▶ 移動様態動詞の Goal-bias を検証
(see also Verspoor et al. 1999)
▷ 検証している動詞が恣意的
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- fly, climb, flee, jump, fall, escape, stroll, cruise, march
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▷ 有意差検定のみによる統計分析
13. 3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法
▶ コーパス
BNC (British National Corpus) XML edition
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▷ 約1億語 (98,363,783 語)
- Spoken (10,409,851 語)
- Written (87,953,932 語)
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14. 3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法
▶ 移動動詞のリスト
Levin (1993: 265-267) による run verbs (Type: 124)
e.g., amble, climb, fly, jog, walk, etc.
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比較のために come と go を追加
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▶︎ 区間推定法に基づく統計的なランダムサンプリング
▷ コーパス全体の推測値を基に高頻度語10を調査
15. 3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法
▶ 今回の調査で扱わない用例
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(3) a. Rumors were racing through the industry. (BNC-CTH)
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b. A small spiral stairway runs up from
a hotel. (BNC-EWB)
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c. His eyes roamed lazily over her face. (BNC-JY5)
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d. A tuna do not swim with dolphins. (BNC-ABC)
16. 3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法
▶ 各用例ごとに4種類の経路表現をタグ付け
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(4) a. She waddled out of the library. (source)
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b. Four baby elephants are trundling along the dry
ground. (trajectory)
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c. I had to walk to the other end of town. (goal)
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d. He ran with it. (null)
25. 5. 結論と今後の課題
今後の課題
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▶ 語義の多様性ついて
- fly が表す様態の多様性
(5) Mary and I flew back to London. (BNC-FS0)
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(6) She was flying to the door next to the factory.
(BNC-AT7)
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▶ BNC 全体の移動事象についての統計的な考察
26. References
Talmy, Leonard (1996) The Windowing of Attention in Language. In
Grammatical Constructions, Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A.
Thompson (eds.), 235-287. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Slobin, Dan I., Iraide Ibarretxe-Autuñano, Anetta Kopecka and Asifa Majid.
(2014) Manners of Human Gait: A Crosslinguistic Event-naming Study.
Cognitive Linguistics 25: 701-741.
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Stefanowitsch, Anatol and Ada Rohde (2003) The Goal Bias in the
Encoding of Motion Events. In Studies in Linguistic Motivation, Panther,
K.-U. and G. Radden (eds.), 249-267. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
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Levin, Beth (1993) English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary
Investigation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.