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多変量解析に基づく

英語の移動動詞の分類と

経路表現との共起パターン
関西言語学会 第40回大会
ワークショップ
2015年6月13日@神戸大学
森下裕三(神戸大学)
目次
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
1. はじめに
本研究の主張
!
▶ 移動動詞によって共起しやすい経路表現に差がある
!
   (1) a. They went into the saloon. (BNC-CH0)
!
b. Ruth jumped out of the jeep at the heavy

wrought-iron gates. (BNC-JY4)
!
!
c. She ducked beneath the concrete walkway

and strode along an avenue (…). (BNC-CJA)
!
▷ 経路表現の分布を基にした移動動詞の分類
1. はじめに
理論的な議論
!
 ▶ 事態認知の方法と動詞の様態との相関を確認
 - Windowing および Gapping (Talmy 1996)
!
 - 移動様態動詞の分類 (Slobin et al. 2014)
1. はじめに
手法
!
 ▶ 網羅的な移動動詞のコーパス調査に基づく多変量解析
 - British National Corpus (BNC) を使用
!
 - 統計的ランダムサンプリングを採用
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
2. 先行研究
Talmy (1996) 

▶ Windowing と Gapping という概念を提唱
  - 経路表現の全てが表現されるとは限らない
!
(2) a. out of the plane into the ocean (source + goal)
!
b. out of the airplane (source)
!
c. through the air (trajectory)
!
Talmy (1996: 245)
!
2. 先行研究
Stefanowitsch and Rohde (2003) 

▶ 移動様態動詞の Goal-bias を検証

(see also Verspoor et al. 1999)
  
▷ 検証している動詞が恣意的
!
- fly, climb, flee, jump, fall, escape, stroll, cruise, march
!
!
▷ 有意差検定のみによる統計分析
2. 先行研究
Slobin et al. (2014)

▶ 移動様態動詞を分類
!
- basic (e.g., walk, run), rapid (e.g., charge, dart), etc.
!
- 分類はビデオクリップを用いた実験結果による
!
!
!
2. 先行研究
先行研究の課題


▶ Talmy (1996)
!
  ▷ windowing および gapping の一般化
!
!
▶︎ Stefanowitsch and Rohde (2003), Slobin et al. (2014)
!
▷ 扱っているデータが限定的
▷ 統計的分析が不十分
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法 

▶ コーパス
BNC (British National Corpus) XML edition
!
!
▷ 約1億語 (98,363,783 語)
- Spoken (10,409,851 語)
- Written (87,953,932 語)
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法 

▶ 移動動詞のリスト
Levin (1993: 265-267) による run verbs (Type: 124)
e.g., amble, climb, fly, jog, walk, etc.
!
比較のために come と go を追加
!
!
▶︎ 区間推定法に基づく統計的なランダムサンプリング
▷ コーパス全体の推測値を基に高頻度語10を調査
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法 

▶ 今回の調査で扱わない用例
!
(3) a. Rumors were racing through the industry. (BNC-CTH)
!
b. A small spiral stairway runs up from

a hotel. (BNC-EWB)
!
c. His eyes roamed lazily over her face. (BNC-JY5)
!
d. A tuna do not swim with dolphins. (BNC-ABC)
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データの収集方法 

▶ 各用例ごとに4種類の経路表現をタグ付け
!
(4) a. She waddled out of the library. (source)
!
b. Four baby elephants are trundling along the dry

ground. (trajectory)
!
c. I had to walk to the other end of town. (goal)
!
d. He ran with it. (null)
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
データ分析の結果
!
!Table 1: 主な移動動詞と経路表現との共起関係
Verbs source trajectory goal null Sum
go 15 (10.8%) 11 (7.9%) 48 (34.5%) 65 (46.8%) 139 (100%)
come 20 (14.6%) 4 (2.9%) 48 (35.0%) 65 (47.4%) 137 (100%)
walk 40 (12.7%) 57 (17.5%) 68 (20.9%) 161 (49.4%) 326 (100%)
climb 27 (10.0%) 9 (3.3%) 90 (33.2%) 145 (53.5%) 271 (100%)
crawl 31 (15.0%) 41 (19.8%) 43 (20.8%) 92 (44.4%) 207 (100%)
fly 34 (18.3%) 13 (7.0%) 68 (36.6%) 71 (38.2%) 186 (100%)
hurry 20 (14.5%) 34 (24.6%) 51 (40.0%) 33 (23.9%) 138 (100%)
jump 57 (42.9%) 5 (3.8%) 50 (37.6%) 21 (15.8%) 133 (100%)
march 32 (13.2%) 50 (20.6%) 69 (28.4%) 92 (37.9%) 243 (100%)
travel 12 (14.6%) 12 (14.6%) 32 (39.0%) 26 (31.7%) 82 (100%)
!
!
!
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
コレスポンデンス分析の結果 

-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
-0.4-0.20.00.20.4
source
trajectory
goal
null
-0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.50.00.5
climb
come
crawl
fly
go
hurry
jump
march
travel
walk
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
コレスポンデンス分析の結果 

-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
-0.4-0.20.00.20.4
source
trajectory
goal
null
-0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.50.00.5
climb
come
crawl
fly
go
hurry
jump
march
travel
walk
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
4. 考察
Stefanowitsch and Rohde (2003) による調査との違い
!
▶︎ 統計的手法により様態と経路との相関が明らかになった
4. 考察
Talmy (1996) による windowing と gapping への示唆
!
▶︎ 様態が複雑であるほど中間経路が表現されやすい
!
▷ 移動のプロセスが注目されやすい
▷ 直示的移動動詞などは到着が注目されやすい
1. はじめに
!
2. 先行研究
!
3. データ収集の方法と分析結果
!
4. 考察
!
5. 結論および今後の課題
5. 結論と今後の課題
結論
!
  ▶ 移動の様態によって共起する経路表現の分布も異なる
!
▶ 動詞の意味と事態認知との関係性を示唆
!
!
5. 結論と今後の課題
今後の課題
!
  ▶ 語義の多様性ついて
- fly が表す様態の多様性
(5) Mary and I flew back to London. (BNC-FS0)
!
(6) She was flying to the door next to the factory.
(BNC-AT7)
!
!
▶ BNC 全体の移動事象についての統計的な考察
References
Talmy, Leonard (1996) The Windowing of Attention in Language. In

Grammatical Constructions, Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. 

Thompson (eds.), 235-287. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
!
Slobin, Dan I., Iraide Ibarretxe-Autuñano, Anetta Kopecka and Asifa Majid.

(2014) Manners of Human Gait: A Crosslinguistic Event-naming Study.

Cognitive Linguistics 25: 701-741.
!
Stefanowitsch, Anatol and Ada Rohde (2003) The Goal Bias in the

Encoding of Motion Events. In Studies in Linguistic Motivation, Panther,

K.-U. and G. Radden (eds.), 249-267. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
!
Levin, Beth (1993) English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary

Investigation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

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多変量解析に基づく英語の移動動詞の分類と経路表現との共起パターン 20150613.key