2. SDGs or Sustainable Development
Goals are set and adopted by countries
around the world on the 25th of
September in 2015. The main
objectives are to end poverty, protect
the planet, and ensure prosperity for all
members of humankind. This lesson
will include some of the sustainable
development goals that are directly
related to health issues.
3. No Poverty
Goal: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
Some Facts on Poverty
• 836 million people still live in extreme poverty
• About one in five persons in developing regions lives
on less than $1.25 or about 70 Philippine pesos per day
• The overwhelming majority of people living on less
than $1.25 or about 70 Philippine pesos a day belong
to two regions: Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
• High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile, and
conflict-affected countries
• One in four children under age five in the world has
inadequate height for his or her age.
4. Poverty is recognized to be present when there
is hunger and malnutrition in families. Because
of poverty, many Filipinos have limited access to
education and basic services like water,
electricity, and medical services.
It has been acknowledged that rampant poverty in
the Philippines is due to the following: low
economic growth, high population growth, a weak
agricultural sector, and the regular presence of
natural disasters. Lately, it has also been considered
that the presence of graft and corruption in
government offices contributes to the problem of
poverty in our country.
5. It has been well-known also that poverty is more
widespread in the rural areas of the Philippines.
In big cities, however, like in Metro Manila or
Metro Cebu, the problem of poverty is also
becoming threat.
Recently, the government initiated economic
and livelihood programs that could spark
economic growth in our country. It also created
ways to provide sustainable jobs and promote
equality.
6. Zero Hunger
Goal: End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition, and promote sustainable
agriculture.
Some Facts About Hunger
• Globally, one in nine people in the world today (795 million) is
undernourished.
• The vast majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing
countries, where 12.9% of the population is undernourished.
• The percentage in Southern Asia has fallen in recent years but in
Western Asia it has increased slightly.
• Southern Asia faces the greatest hunger burden, with about 281
million undernourished people. In sub-Saharan Africa, projections
for the 2014 – 2016 period indicate a rate of undernourishment of
almost 23%.
7. • Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45%) of
deaths in children under five – 3.1 million
children each year.
• One in every four children in the world suffers
from stunted growth. In developing countries,
the proportion can rise to one in three.
• 66 million primary school-aged children across
the developing world attend classes with
empty stomachs, with 23 million in Africa
alone.
8. It was revealed in a survey (Family Income and Expenditure Survey, 2012) that
one in every ten Filipino families does not have the capacity to feed
themselves. They are considered as “food-poor” or food-hungry.” This means
that they do not eat enough to be able to meet the energy and nutrients
needed by their bodies.
In 2015, the Global Hunger Index (GHI) reported that the Philippines is faced
with a “serious” level of hunger.
It is undeniable that there is this big challenge in our time to rethink and
improve how food is grown, shared, and consumed. The food and agriculture
sector in communities should think of solutions to lessen if not eradicate the
problem of hunger. Nutritious food could be made available by means of rural
development programs. People in the rural areas should be supported in
various economic programs to encourage them to stay in their communities
and not migrate to cities and urban areas.
9. Good Health and Well-being
Goal: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all ages
To sustain global development, the health and well-
being of all members of the global community
should be ensured and promoted. Common killers
associated with child and maternal mortality should
be reduced. Cases of malaria, tuberculosis, polio,
and the spread of HIV/AIDS should also be lessened.
Moreover, access to clean water and knowledge on
good sanitation should be increased.
10. Some Facts Related to Good Health and Well-being of Children
and Mother
Child Health
• 17, 000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but
more than 6 million children still die before their fifth
birthday each year.
• Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6
million deaths.
• Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to
die before the age of five as those from wealthier
families.
• Children of educated mothers – even mothers with
only primary schooling – are more likely to survive than
children of mothers with no education.
11. Maternal Health
• Maternal mortality has fallen by almost 50% since 1990.
• In Eastern Asia, Northern Aftrica and Southern Asia, maternal
mortality has declined by around two- thirds but maternal
mortality ration in developing regions is still 14 times higher
than in the developed regions.
• More women are now receiving antenatal care. In developing
regions, antenatal care increased from 65% in 1990 to 83% in
2012.
• Only half of women in developing regions receive the
recommended amount of health care they need.
• Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions,
but progress has slowed. The large increase in contraceptive
use in the 1990s was not matched in the 2000s.
• The need for family planning is slowly being met for more
women, but demand is increasing at a rapid pace.
12. Some Facts Related to HIV/ AIDS, Malaria, and Other
Diseases
• At the end of 2014, there were 13.6 million people accessing
antiretroviral therapy.
• New HIV infections in 2013 were estimated at 2.1 million, which
was 38% lower than in 2001.
• At the end of 2013, there were an estimated 35 million people
living with HIV and 240.000 children were newly infected with HIV.
• New HIV infections among children have declined by 58% since
2001.
• HIV is the leading cause of death for women of reproductive age
worldwide.
• TB- related deaths in people living with HIV have fallen by 36% since
2004.
• There were 250,000 new HIV infections among adolescents in 2013,
two-thirds of which were among adolescent girls.
13. • AIDS is now the leading cause of death among adolescents in
2013, two- thirds of which were among adolescent girls.
• AIDS is now the leading cause of death among adolescents
(aged 10-19) in Africa and the second most common cause of
death among adolescents globally.
• As of 2013, 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV.
• Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between
2000 and 2015, primarily of children under five years of age in
sub- Saharan Africa. The global malaria incidence rate has
fallen by an estimated 37% and the mortality rates by 58%.
• Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis,
and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million
lives. The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45% and the
prevalence rate by 41% between 1990 and 2013.
14. Clean Water and Sanitation
Goal: Ensure access to water and sanitation for
all
Everybody needs, clean water for survival. As part of sustainable
development, the basic need of clean water should be made
accessible for all. There is enough fresh water on the planet in
which we live. However, many people die from diseases that are
caused by unclean water or poor water supply. These problems
on poor quality of water negatively impact the health conditions
of many people all over the world especially from developing
countries. The problem of drought or shortage of water supply
afflicts the people from the poorest countries. It complicates
hunger and malnutrition problems.
15. Some Facts on Clean Water and Sanitation
• 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved
drinking water sources since 1990, but 663
million people are still without.
• At least 1.8 billion people globally use a source of
drinking water that is fecally contaminated.
• Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of the
global population using an improved drinking
water source has increased from 76% to 91%.
• But water scarcity affects more than 40% of the
global population and is projected to rise. Over
1.7 billion people are currently living in river
basins where water use exceeds recharge.
• 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation
services, such as toilets or latrines.
16. • More than 80% of waste water resulting from
human activities is discharged into rivers or sea
without any pollution removal.
• Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to
preventable water and sanitation- related
diarrheal diseases.
• Hydropower is the most important and widely-
used renewable source of energy and as of 2011,
represented 16% of total electricity production
worldwide.
• Approximately 70% of all water abstracted from
rivers, lakes, and aquifers is used for irrigation.
• Floods and other water- related disasters account
for 70 % of all deaths related to natural disasters.
17. Sustainable Cities and Communities
Goal: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and
sustainable.
In the Philippines, people move from the rural areas to the key
cities in the regions to find work, Young people go to the cities to
study, find a job later on, and probably, stay there for good. The
many work opportunities found in big cities have allowed people
to improve their social and economic conditions.
However, there are many problems that arise when many people
are congested in big cities like in Metro Manila. Congestions
results to inadequate lands for housing, poverty, and pollution.
The challenges in having sustainable cities include having
programs that could provide equal access to food, basic services,
housing, transportation, and energy.
18. Some Facts on Cities and Communities
• Half of humanity----3.5 billion people----lives in cities today.
• By 2030, almost 60% of the world’s population will live in
urban areas.
• 95% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place
in developing world.
• 828 million people live in slums today and the number
keeps rising.
• The world’s cities occupy just 3% of Earth’s land, but
account for 60%- 80% of energy consumption and 75% of
carbon emissions.
• Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on freshwater
supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health.
• But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and
technological innovation while reducing resource and
energy consumption.
19. 3 things I learned today about the sustainable
development goals.
