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法雅節
一信 08 李沂庭
20 張芷寧
23 許恩雨
31 陳臻
35 羅承筠
一公 25 陳品頤
法雅節-Las Fallas
起源
法雅節於每年的 3 月 14 日至 19 日舉
行。源自西班牙瓦倫西亞,為西班牙三大節
慶之一,是一個慶祝春天來臨的節日,又稱
火節,源自於中世紀。
據稱瓦倫西亞的木匠在冬天夜晚需工作
至深夜,而將木條上裝置大蠟燭充作照明設
備。隨著冬天的結束,有將其燃燒的習慣。
18 世紀的瓦倫西亞,人們開始在大蠟燭上裝
飾洋娃娃,後改用蠟及布裝飾,後來最後變成今日的法雅。
3 月 19 日為木匠守護神聖荷西的生日,也是春天之始,兩個活動結合之
後,即成為現今以燃燒法雅為主要慶祝活動的節日。
法雅
一整年中,瓦倫西亞所有居民一整年,都得為法
雅節貢獻心力,像是瓦倫西亞的工藝家,一年來都在
為了雕塑法雅人偶而努力工作。
法雅節的重點,就是各式各樣由木偶藝術家製
作的精緻木偶,題材多取自時下的人物或社會現象、
問題,極具諷刺性及幽默感。
在法雅節慶祝期間,工藝家所作製作的木偶都會陳
設在各區的廣場或十字街口上,到了 3 月 19 日聖荷西生
日當天晚上,則進入節慶的最高潮,人們會將法雅燒毀,
此舉象徵春天來臨為社區帶來的潔淨氣息與蓬勃生氣。
除了被民眾票選出來最受歡迎的作品,得以進入法雅博
物館陳列,其餘的法雅都會焚燒。
當焚燒時,你會發現人們並未因此流露出感傷之情,
而是開心的慶賀,因為對他們而言,覺得藝術本身本就需
要推陳出新,因此在一眨眼的工夫焚燒掉無數的華美的藝術作品,就僅僅只是成
了對待藝術的一種態度而已,而當地人們都把這個難忘的夜晚稱作燃燒之夜。
法雅公主
法雅節的另外一個重點就是選
出「法雅公主」,分有成人組和孩童
組,每組選出 13 名,其中一名為第一
名,其餘皆為第二名,雖說每次都是
13 名一同出場,但仍以各組的第一名
最受到矚目,而法雅公主的推選,首
先都由各社區開始,很多社區都有類
似的組織,因此有興趣者,得先加入經過初選訓練後,才能推派至全城的比賽,
而法雅公主的選取據說和「財力」亦有其關係,但選出後將是無比的榮譽,不僅
能一夕成名成為全城焦點,更能留名法雅節慶史。在這期間,法雅公主會參與各
個活動,出盡鋒頭,所以常可見參賽者無不卯足全勁在行頭上下盡功夫。
活動
鞭炮
鞭炮在法雅節中占有相當重要的地位,除有慶祝的意味,也因法雅節被稱為
「火節」,而鞭炮燃燒後瞬間產生的火光也就成了代表性。法雅節期間,政府和
法雅會會在活動過程中大量使用鞭炮。
聖母獻花
在 17 和 18 日的法雅節遊行過程中,可以在通往
大教堂的路上,看到絡繹不絕穿著法雅服飾手捧花束
的獻花人潮,這是由一區一區的法雅會組成,同樣最
前面人手持會旗,接著是各區法雅會選出的公主,而
後是該協會的成員,最後是樂隊。除了花束、亦有推
著大型花車者前往大教堂,將花獻給聖母,身披獻花
的聖母慈祥仿佛一座偉岸的高山,靜靜的注視人們。
參考資料
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%85%E7%AF%80
https://katesung1225.pixnet.net/blog/post/6648764
https://kknews.cc/travel/lzkmq6g.html
http://arielhan0831.pixnet.net/blog/post/352123787-
%E3%80%90%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A
1%8C%E3%80%91%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%93%A6%E5%80%AB%
E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%85%E7%AF%80-las-f
https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/13/2/8/n3796384.htm
https://jibaoviewer.com/project/58255b231789f3702b42b841
https://katesung1225.pixnet.net/blog/post/6648794
https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/travel/lzkmq6g.html

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