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YASEMİN AKIN
43580053356
The Past Perfect
Tense
with "before", "after", "when" and "until"
 Bu zaman kalıbının
fonksiyonu geçmişte
yapılmış iki işten daha önce
yapılanı işaret etmektir
 1998 yılının öncesindeki zaman aralığında gerçekleşen bir
eylemden bahsederken yani geçmişte yapılmış iki işten daha
önce yapılandan bahsederken Simple Past Tense
kullanılmıyor, Past Perfect Tense kullanılıyor.
LONG FORM
I
YOU
HE /SHE/ IT + HAD + V3
WE
YOU
THEY
SHORT FORM
I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT + ‘D + V3
WE
YOU
THEY
NEGATİVE FORM
I
YOU
HE/SHE/IT + HAD NOT + V3
WE
YOU
THEY
QUESTİON FORM
I
YOU
HAD + HE/SHE/IT + V3
WE
YOU
THEY
FORM
Past perfect tense
Before
After
When
Until
Before
 The party had started before I arrived.
(Ben gelmeden parti başlamıştı.)
SUBJECT
PAST
PERFECT BEFORE SUBJECT
SİMPLE
PAST
 He had never seen a crocodile before he went to a
zoo.
(Hayvanat bahçesine gitmeden önce hiç timsah
görmemişti.)
Subject
Had
never v3 Before Subject
Simple
past
Örneklerdeki "before" kullanımına dikkat
ediniz.
After
After he had spent one week in Kemer he went to Bodrum.
(Kemer’de bir hafta geçirdikten sonra Bodrum’a gitti.)
After Subject
Past
perfect Subject
Simple
past
İki ayrı Simple Past cümlenin "after" ile nasıl birleştirilerek birinin
Past Perfect Tense diğerinin ise Simple Past Tense cümlesi
olarak kaldığına dikkat ediniz. Unutmayınız ki Past Perfect Tense
cümleler geçmişte yapılmış iki eylemden daha önce yapılanı
ifade eder.
 Mrs. Jane parked her car. Then she saw the no-parking sign.
(Bayan Jane arabasını park etti. Sonra park yapılmaz işaretini gördü.)
 After Mrs. Jane had parked her car she saw the no-parking sign.
When
 I had learnt to swim when I was ten.
(On yaşındayken yüzmeyi öğrenmiştim.)
Subject Past
perfect
When Subject Simple
past
Simple Past Tense ile Past Perfect Tense
cümleleri birleştiren "when" bağlacının kullanıldığı
cümlelerde genellikle "already" ve "just" zaman
zarflarının kullanımı yaygındır.
 When I arrived at the bus station the bus had already
left.
 (Otobüs durağına geldiğimde otobüs çoktan gitmişti.)
 When I arrived at the airport the plane had just left.
 (Hava alanına geldiğimde uçak yeni havalanmıştı.)
Sorulara verilen cevaplardaki "when" kullanımına dikkat ediniz.
Ayrıca Past Perfect Tense cümlelerde kullanılan "finish" yani
"bitmek" fiilinin işlevine de dikkat ediniz.
A : Were they arguing when you arrived?
(Geldiğinde tartışıyorlar mıydı?)
 B : No, they weren’t. They had finished arguing when I
arrived.
(Hayır, tartışmıyorlardı. Geldiğimde tartışmayı bitirmişlerdi.)
Until
 The woman didn’t buy a hat until she had tried on
many hats.
(Kadın bir çok şapka denemeden şapka satın almadı.)
Subject Simple
past -
Until Subject Past
perfect
 Hasan hadn’t seen the sea until he went to
Kuşadası.
(Hasan Kuşadası’na gidene kadar denizi görmemişti.)
Subject
Past perfect –
Or/veya
Had+never+v3
Until
Subject
Simple
past
Simple Past Tense ile Past Perfect Tense
cümleleri birleştirmek için "until" bağlacı kullanıldığı
cümlelerde; cümleciklerden birinin olumsuz cümle
yapısına sahip olması gerekmektedir.
Örneklerdeki cümlelerin "until" ile nasıl
birbirlerine bağlandıklarına dikkat ediniz.
 Ayşe didn’t talk until Gökhan had stopped shouting.
(Ayşe, Gökhan bağırmayı bırakana kadar konuşmadı.)
 I had never eaten a snail until I went to a Chinese restaurant.
(Çin restoranIna gitmeden önce hiç salyangoz yememiştim.)
 Mr. Brown hadn’t ridden a camel until she went to Egypt.
(Bayan Brown Mısır’a gitmeden önce hiç deveye binmemişti.)
What had Mrs. Rose done before Mr. Rose
came home from his office?
1. …………………….. (iron / the
clothes)
2. ………………….. (clean / the window)
3. …………………. (make / a cake)
4. ..………in the kitchen. (paint / the cupboard)
Exercise 1/ answers
1. She had ironed the clothes.
2. She had cleaned the window.
3. She had made a cake.
4. She had painted the cupboard
Exercise 2
Exercise2 / answers
1. I hadn’t ridden a bicycle before that.
2. He hadn’t had one before that.
3. Allen hadn’t eaten one before that.
4. Mike hadn’t met her before that.
Exercise 3/ answers
1. After we had done two experiments in the laboratory, we
went to our classroom.
2. After Aslı had moved to İstanbul, she gave a party for her
friends.
3. After they had read the menu twice they ordered their meal.
4. After they had save some money they bought a car.
THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
with "just", "already" and "by the time’’
 By the time
 Already
 Just
 By the time Hasan arrived at the airport, Mike’s plane
had left the airport .
(Hasan havaalanIna ulaştığında Mike’ın uçağı hava alanını
terk etmişti.)
By the time Subject Simple
past
Subject Past
perfect
İki ayrı Simple Past cümlenin "by the time" bağlacı ile nasıl
birleştirilerek birinin Past Perfect Tense diğerinin ise Simple
Past Tense cümlesi olarak kaldığına dikkat ediniz. Unutmayınız
ki Past Perfect Tense cümleler geçmişte yapılmış iki
eylemden daha önce yapılanı ifade eder.
 My husband prepared the dinner. Then I got home.
By the time I got home, my husband had already prepared the
dinner.
(Eve geldiğimde, eşim çoktan akşam yemeğini hazırlamıştı.)
 The concert started. Then I got there.
By the time I got there, the concert had already started.
(Oraya ulaştığımda konser çoktan başlamıştı.)
 "by the time" bağlacı ile genellikle "already" zaman
zarfının kullanımı yaygındır.
By the
time
Subject Simple
past
Subject Had
already
v3
 By the time the rain started, they had already returned from
shopping.
(Yağmur başladığında alışverişten çoktan dönmüşlerdi.)
Already
 Mary had already painted the wall when Mike
came to help.
(Mike yardıma geldiğinde Mary çoktan duvarı
boyamıştı.)
subject
Had
already
v3
when subject
Simple
past
Just
The train had just arrived when I got to the station.
(İstasyona geldiğimde tren yeni gelmişti.)
Subject
Had
just
verb 3
when Subject Simple
past
Exercise 1/ answers
1. Paul got home, his wife had already telephoned his office
many times.
2. She graduated from the university last year, she had already
learned to speak three languages.
3. The bell rang, the students had already answered all the
questions.
4. The teacher cleaned the board, the students had already
written the homework
EXERCISE 2:
Answer the questions in the same way as in the example.
(Sorulara örnekteki gibi cevap veriniz.)
Exercise 2/ answers
1. I had already watched it.
2. I had already studied it.
3. I had already had it.
4. I had already tried it.
5. I had already bought i

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Ödev

  • 2. The Past Perfect Tense with "before", "after", "when" and "until"
  • 3.  Bu zaman kalıbının fonksiyonu geçmişte yapılmış iki işten daha önce yapılanı işaret etmektir
  • 4.
  • 5.  1998 yılının öncesindeki zaman aralığında gerçekleşen bir eylemden bahsederken yani geçmişte yapılmış iki işten daha önce yapılandan bahsederken Simple Past Tense kullanılmıyor, Past Perfect Tense kullanılıyor.
  • 6.
  • 7. LONG FORM I YOU HE /SHE/ IT + HAD + V3 WE YOU THEY SHORT FORM I YOU HE/SHE/IT + ‘D + V3 WE YOU THEY NEGATİVE FORM I YOU HE/SHE/IT + HAD NOT + V3 WE YOU THEY QUESTİON FORM I YOU HAD + HE/SHE/IT + V3 WE YOU THEY FORM
  • 10.  The party had started before I arrived. (Ben gelmeden parti başlamıştı.) SUBJECT PAST PERFECT BEFORE SUBJECT SİMPLE PAST
  • 11.  He had never seen a crocodile before he went to a zoo. (Hayvanat bahçesine gitmeden önce hiç timsah görmemişti.) Subject Had never v3 Before Subject Simple past
  • 13. After
  • 14. After he had spent one week in Kemer he went to Bodrum. (Kemer’de bir hafta geçirdikten sonra Bodrum’a gitti.) After Subject Past perfect Subject Simple past
  • 15. İki ayrı Simple Past cümlenin "after" ile nasıl birleştirilerek birinin Past Perfect Tense diğerinin ise Simple Past Tense cümlesi olarak kaldığına dikkat ediniz. Unutmayınız ki Past Perfect Tense cümleler geçmişte yapılmış iki eylemden daha önce yapılanı ifade eder.  Mrs. Jane parked her car. Then she saw the no-parking sign. (Bayan Jane arabasını park etti. Sonra park yapılmaz işaretini gördü.)  After Mrs. Jane had parked her car she saw the no-parking sign.
  • 16. When
  • 17.  I had learnt to swim when I was ten. (On yaşındayken yüzmeyi öğrenmiştim.) Subject Past perfect When Subject Simple past
  • 18. Simple Past Tense ile Past Perfect Tense cümleleri birleştiren "when" bağlacının kullanıldığı cümlelerde genellikle "already" ve "just" zaman zarflarının kullanımı yaygındır.
  • 19.  When I arrived at the bus station the bus had already left.  (Otobüs durağına geldiğimde otobüs çoktan gitmişti.)  When I arrived at the airport the plane had just left.  (Hava alanına geldiğimde uçak yeni havalanmıştı.)
  • 20. Sorulara verilen cevaplardaki "when" kullanımına dikkat ediniz. Ayrıca Past Perfect Tense cümlelerde kullanılan "finish" yani "bitmek" fiilinin işlevine de dikkat ediniz. A : Were they arguing when you arrived? (Geldiğinde tartışıyorlar mıydı?)  B : No, they weren’t. They had finished arguing when I arrived. (Hayır, tartışmıyorlardı. Geldiğimde tartışmayı bitirmişlerdi.)
  • 21. Until
  • 22.  The woman didn’t buy a hat until she had tried on many hats. (Kadın bir çok şapka denemeden şapka satın almadı.) Subject Simple past - Until Subject Past perfect
  • 23.  Hasan hadn’t seen the sea until he went to Kuşadası. (Hasan Kuşadası’na gidene kadar denizi görmemişti.) Subject Past perfect – Or/veya Had+never+v3 Until Subject Simple past
  • 24. Simple Past Tense ile Past Perfect Tense cümleleri birleştirmek için "until" bağlacı kullanıldığı cümlelerde; cümleciklerden birinin olumsuz cümle yapısına sahip olması gerekmektedir.
  • 25. Örneklerdeki cümlelerin "until" ile nasıl birbirlerine bağlandıklarına dikkat ediniz.  Ayşe didn’t talk until Gökhan had stopped shouting. (Ayşe, Gökhan bağırmayı bırakana kadar konuşmadı.)  I had never eaten a snail until I went to a Chinese restaurant. (Çin restoranIna gitmeden önce hiç salyangoz yememiştim.)  Mr. Brown hadn’t ridden a camel until she went to Egypt. (Bayan Brown Mısır’a gitmeden önce hiç deveye binmemişti.)
  • 26.
  • 27. What had Mrs. Rose done before Mr. Rose came home from his office? 1. …………………….. (iron / the clothes) 2. ………………….. (clean / the window)
  • 28. 3. …………………. (make / a cake) 4. ..………in the kitchen. (paint / the cupboard)
  • 29. Exercise 1/ answers 1. She had ironed the clothes. 2. She had cleaned the window. 3. She had made a cake. 4. She had painted the cupboard
  • 31.
  • 32. Exercise2 / answers 1. I hadn’t ridden a bicycle before that. 2. He hadn’t had one before that. 3. Allen hadn’t eaten one before that. 4. Mike hadn’t met her before that.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Exercise 3/ answers 1. After we had done two experiments in the laboratory, we went to our classroom. 2. After Aslı had moved to İstanbul, she gave a party for her friends. 3. After they had read the menu twice they ordered their meal. 4. After they had save some money they bought a car.
  • 36. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE with "just", "already" and "by the time’’
  • 37.
  • 38.  By the time  Already  Just
  • 39.  By the time Hasan arrived at the airport, Mike’s plane had left the airport . (Hasan havaalanIna ulaştığında Mike’ın uçağı hava alanını terk etmişti.) By the time Subject Simple past Subject Past perfect
  • 40. İki ayrı Simple Past cümlenin "by the time" bağlacı ile nasıl birleştirilerek birinin Past Perfect Tense diğerinin ise Simple Past Tense cümlesi olarak kaldığına dikkat ediniz. Unutmayınız ki Past Perfect Tense cümleler geçmişte yapılmış iki eylemden daha önce yapılanı ifade eder.
  • 41.  My husband prepared the dinner. Then I got home. By the time I got home, my husband had already prepared the dinner. (Eve geldiğimde, eşim çoktan akşam yemeğini hazırlamıştı.)  The concert started. Then I got there. By the time I got there, the concert had already started. (Oraya ulaştığımda konser çoktan başlamıştı.)
  • 42.  "by the time" bağlacı ile genellikle "already" zaman zarfının kullanımı yaygındır. By the time Subject Simple past Subject Had already v3  By the time the rain started, they had already returned from shopping. (Yağmur başladığında alışverişten çoktan dönmüşlerdi.)
  • 44.  Mary had already painted the wall when Mike came to help. (Mike yardıma geldiğinde Mary çoktan duvarı boyamıştı.) subject Had already v3 when subject Simple past
  • 45. Just
  • 46. The train had just arrived when I got to the station. (İstasyona geldiğimde tren yeni gelmişti.) Subject Had just verb 3 when Subject Simple past
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. Exercise 1/ answers 1. Paul got home, his wife had already telephoned his office many times. 2. She graduated from the university last year, she had already learned to speak three languages. 3. The bell rang, the students had already answered all the questions. 4. The teacher cleaned the board, the students had already written the homework
  • 50. EXERCISE 2: Answer the questions in the same way as in the example. (Sorulara örnekteki gibi cevap veriniz.)
  • 51. Exercise 2/ answers 1. I had already watched it. 2. I had already studied it. 3. I had already had it. 4. I had already tried it. 5. I had already bought i