wd awe fwertg rh wreh wreh

2. FIRSTQUARTER

3. Laos
Cambodia
Thailand
Singapore
Indonesia
Vietnam
Malaysia
Quiz
Brunei

4. FABRIC/FABRIC DESIGN
Thailand
Thaisilk is producedfromthe
cocoonsofThaisilkworms.It is
mainlyproducedin Khoratwhichis
thecenter of thesilk industry in
Thailand.

5. Thaiweaversfromthis region
raise thecaterpillars ona
steady
diet of
Mulberry
leaves.

6. Today,Thaisilk
makingis
consideredtobe
oneof thefinestarts
in theworld, a
productof aunique
manufacturing
processandbearing
uniquepatternsand
colors.

7. Cambodia
Silk weavingin Cambodia
datestoasearlyasthefirst
centurysincetextileswereused
fortrading. Moderntextileshave
tracesofmotifsimitating
clothingdetailsonancientstone
sculptures.

8. Two Main Types of Cambodian Weaving
1. ikattechnique(Khmerterm:chongkiet)- Tocreate
patterns,weaverstie anddyeportionsof weftyarnbefore
weavingbegins.Patternsarediverseandvarybyregion;
commonmotifsincludelattice, stars,andspots.
2. uneventwill- It yields singleor two-colorfabrics, which
areproducedbyweavingthreethreadssothatthe"colorof
onethreaddominatesononesideofthefabric,while the
twoothersdeterminethecoloronthereverseside."

9. Traditionally, Cambodiantextiles have
employednatural dyescomingfrom:
a. insect nests - Reddye
b. indigo - Bluedye
c. prohut bark-YellowandGreendye
d. ebonybark- Blackdye

10. Cambodiansilk is generallysold
domestically,whereit is usedin
sampot(wrapskirts), furnishings,
andpidan(pictoral tapestries).
Now,it hasseenanincreasein
exportviability.

11. Cambodian
dancer
wearing
sampotchang
kben

12. Pidansilk ikat
weavingin
vibrantcolors,
eachwith
Buddhist
themes
including
Prince
Siddhartaon
his whitehorse,
temples,white
elephants,
dancers

13. Cottontextileshavealsoplayeda
significantrole in Cambodianculture.
Thoughtoday,Cambodiaimportsmostof its
cotton, traditionallywovencottonremains
popular. Rural womenoften weave
homemadecottonfabric, whichis usedin
garmentsandfor household purposes.

14. Krama,thetraditional checkscarveswornalmost
universallybyCambodians,aremadeof cotton

15. Laos
Accordingto Laotradition, storiesof their history
werenotpassedonorally norwasit written,
theywerewoven.Strandbystrand, Laostories
wereweavedin theintricate densepatternsand
motifs of textiles. Unfortunately someare
elaborately fantastic, andthemotifs socryptic,
thatin manycasesonlytheweavercan
accuratelyinterpret thestory.

16. Mostdiverse of
thesestories are
theoneswoven
into asihn—the
Laowomen’s
ankle-longskirt
whoseformis
undeniable but
whosepatterns
areuniqueto each
skirt.

17. Sihn

18. Thoughtheskirt lookssimpleandelegant, it
is traditional that everywomanin Laos
weavesall thesihnsshewouldwear
throughoutherlifetime.Sheusesfolk icons
to expresspersonal views.Thisis often
accomplishedbysymbolisttotemsfromthe
inanimate or animateworld—crabsfor
resourcefulness,snakesfor fertility,
butterflies for beauty,birdsfor success,and
soon.

19. Vietnam
Golden Thread Silks were born in Vietnam. Many of
our Vietnamese fabrics originated from H
a Dong, the
centerof
weavingand
sericulture
(silk worm
production)
for centuries.

20. Oldjacquardloomsarestill
used,weavingpatterns
containing centuries-old
symbolsandcharacters.

21. Jacquardloomis a
mechanicalloom,
inventedbyJoseph
MarieJacquard,
first demonstrated
in 1801,that
simplifies the
processof
manufacturing
textiles

22. SomepopularVietnamesefabric rangesare:
1. Shantungtaffeta
2. Bengalineweave
3. Ebonysatin - anall-naturallustroussilk
hand-wovenin southernVietnamandnaturally
dyedusingebonyfruit pods.Thefabric dates
backoveracentury,butwasonlyrecently
revitalizedbythedesignerVoVietChung.

23. Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore
Thefabric mostcommonto bothcountriesis the
Batik.Theterm“batik” is anIndonesian-Malayword,
believedto berelatedto theMalayword“titik”, which
means‘point’, ‘dot’or‘drop’.The“drop”actionrefers
to theprocessofdyeingthefabric bymakinguseofa
resisttechnique:coveringareasof clothwithadye-
resistantsubstance(usuallyhotwax)to preventthem
fromabsorbingcolors.Thistechniqueis hasbeen
taughtfor overathousandyears.

24. Therearetwocategories of batik designs:
1. geometricmotifs
2. freeformdesigns
Modernbatikdesignsdependonthe
creativity of their designers.
Naturalisticmotifslike leaves,flowersand
birdshavebeenutilized tocreateelaborate
andintricate designs.

25. In Malaysia,thestates of
KelantanandT
erengganu
areconsideredthecradle
wherebatik first flourished,
reachingevenSingapore’s
shores.

26. Therearetwomaintypesof batikthat areproduced
there:
1. Handpainted-theartist usesthe
canting,asmallcoppercontainerwithone
ormoredifferent-sizedpipes
2. Blockprinted-donebywelding
togetherstrips of metalto formametal
block.Themetalblockis thendippedinto
moltenwaxandpressedagainstthefabric
in orderto makeapattern

27. Processof Making Handpainted Batik
Designsaredrawnonthe
fabricwith hotliquid wax
byusingametalobject
calledCANTING.
Whenthewaxoutlinesaredone,
artists usethebrushesto paint the
dyeswithin theoutlines.Theuseof
brushallows for thecreationof
shadedandmulti-hueddesigns.

28. HANDPAINTEDBATIK

29. Processof MakingBlockprintedBatik
❑In blockprint , cantingwill bereplaced
byacopperblockorsometimesa
woodenstamp
withartistically
patterned
bottom

30. • Theblockis dippedinto thewaxandprinted
ontothefabric, whichis thendip-dyed.Then
thewaxwill beremovedandbatikwithsingle
color is produced.Tocreate multi-colors and
complexbatik, waxingwithdifferent blocks,
dyingand
de-waxing
have to be
done many
times.

31. BLOCKPRINTEDBATIK

32. Leavesandflowersin Malaysianbatiksare
incorporatedto avoidtheinterpretationof humanand
animalimagesasidolatry,in accordancewithlocal
Islamic doctrine.Thismakestheirbatiklooksimilar to
that of Indonesia.
However,theMalaysianbatikis famousfor its
geometricaldesignsorspirals.Themethodof
Malaysianbatikmakingis alsodifferent from thoseof
IndonesianJavanesebatik.Theirpatternsarelarger
andsimpler.Morebrushpaintingis appliedto beable
to putlighter andmorevibrantcolorsthandeep
coloredJavanesebatik.

33. In Singapore, the existence anduseof
batik hasbeenrecorded since the 12th
century but hasreceded in popularity
through the years. Nowadays,batik is
featured in asthe uniform of flight
attendants for the official flag carrier
airlines of Singapore,Indonesia, and
Malaysia.

34. Flight
attendants
in
Singapore
wearing
Batik
dress.

35. Brunei
Brunei's traditional textile is also called
batik but it is uniquely different from
Indonesia, Malaysia, andSingapore.Its
designs havetheir national flower
simpur,sumboi-sumboi(pitcher
plant), andBrunei's traditional design of
air muleh.

36. Brunei’s
Batik
polo
shirt

37. Different techniques areusedin
Brunei’sbatik like airbrushing,
cracking,bubble, rainbow,sprinkle,
geometry,andmarble.These
techniquesareappliedonthe
fabrics like cotton,chiffon, linen,
andbrocade.

38. Hand-madebatikdesigns
arecreatedthroughtheart
of layeringandmixingof
colorsinjected with
creativity.

39. Batikcanbedonein four different
ways:
1. hand-drawn
2. usingmetalblocks
3. screenprinting
4. digital printing

40. ASSESSME
NT

41. 1.Theterm“batik” is
anIndonesian-Malay
word,believedto be
relatedto theMalay
word .

42. 2. It is thetraditional check
scarvesmadeof cotton
wornalmostuniversally by
Cambodians.

43. 3.Thecolorof
Cambodiannatural
dyescomingfrom
ebonybarkis
.

44. 4.Thecolorof
Cambodiannatural
dyescomingfrom
insectnests.

45. 5.Thisis called
Cambodianpictoral
tapestries.

46. 6.Thisis a
Cambodianwrap
skirts madeof silk.

47. 7. is a
mechanicalloom,
inventedbyJoseph
MarieJacquard,first
demonstratedin 1801,

48. 8. It is the center
of silk industry in
Thailand.

49. 9.TheLao
women’sankle-long
skirt is called
.

50. 10.Typeof batikin which
theartist usesthe
canting,asmallcopper
containerwithoneor
moredifferent-sized
pipes.

51. 11.Typeof batik done
byweldingtogether
strips of metalto forma
metal
block.

52. 12-13.Brunei’sbatik have
designsof their nationalflower
called (pitcher
plant),andBrunei's traditional
designof .

53. 14.Silk worm
productionis called
.

54. Namethefollowing
images.

55. 15

56. 16

57. 17

58. 18

59. 19

60. 20

61. 21

62. ARTS
AND
CRAFTS

63. Laos
Cambodia
Thailand
Singapore
Indonesia
Vietnam
Malaysia
Quiz
Brunei

64. Thailand (SkyLantern)

65. Flying lanternsaremadeout of rice
paper
withabambooframe, whichcontain a
fuel cell or
smallcandle. Whenthe fuel cell is lit,
theflame
heats the air inside the lantern, causing
the lantern to rise.

66. Onceairbornethesky
lantern will rise until thefuel
cell orcandlestaysalight.
Whenthecandleburnsout
theskylantern floats backto
ground.

67. InThailand, flying lanterns areused
during the yearandfor festivals withthe
mostpopular being LoyKrathong
Festival. This festival is held onthe
night of the12thfull moon,usually in
November,withChangMaibelieved to
havethe brightest andmostspectacular
celebrations.

68. All of Phuket'smajorwestcoastbeaches
takepartin LoyKrathongfestivities, with a
mixof locals andtourists.Patongbeach
andNaiHarnaroundthelakeusuallyhave
themostactivitywithlocalsvisitingbeaches
like KaronandKata.
Skylanterns orwishlanterns astheyare
alsocommonlyknownhavebecome
popularonthemaintouristbeachesof
Phuket.

69. Wanderdowntothebeachon
mostnightsandyouwill find
locals selling wishlanternsfor a
smallcost.Light yourcandle,
makeyourwish,andonceyour
wishlantern is floating skyward,
sit backandenjoy.

70. Cambodia
Indigenouspeople represent 1.4percentof
thetotal populationin Cambodia,andthe
majorityof themlivein remoterural areas
withinthecountry.Oftenreferred to as
highlanders,their waysof life aredifferent
fromthelowlanders,bothfromthecultural
andeconomicperspective.

71. Handicraftsare
part of their
traditional culture
andtheir
livelihoodasthey
producetextiles,
baskets,jars,
pottery,andother
toolsfor their daily
use.

72. Laos
In this country,theymakepaperbyhandin the
widerregionfor over700yearsusingthebarkof
thelocal saormulberrytree.Thebarkis
crushedandsoakedin wateruntil it dissolves
into apaste.Theliquid is thenscoopedout,
pouredthroughabamboosieveandfinally
placedin athinlayeronabamboobedand
driedin thesun.

73. Traditionally sa
paperwasused
for calligraphy
andfor making
festivetemple
decorations,
umbrellas,fans,
andkites.In
formertimesit wasalsousedasafilter in
themanufactureof lacquerware.

74. In recentyearstheart of sapaper
handicrafthasbeenrevived,
particularly in LuangPrabang,
NorthernLaos,whereit is now
usedto createlampshades,writing
paper,greetings cards, and
bookmarks.

75. Vietnam
Vietnamesesilk paintingis oneof themost
popularformsof art in Vietnam,favoredfor the
mysticalatmospherethat canbeachievedwith
themedium.Duringthe19thand20thcenturies,
Frenchinfluence wasabsorbedinto Vietnamese
art andtheliberal andmodernuseof color
especiallybeganto differentiate Vietnamesesilk
paintings fromtheir Chineseor Japanese
counterparts.

76. Vietnamesesilk
paintings typically
showcasethe
countryside,
landscapes,
pagodas,historical
events,orscenes
of daily life.

77. Indonesia
ShadowPuppetryisfamousinIndonesia.
Wayang,in modernIndonesianlanguage
means"show"or"perform".Kulitmeans
"skin",areferencetotheleathermaterial
thatthefiguresarecarvedoutof.Otherssay
thatwayangisalsoattributedtothe
Indonesianwordbayangwhichmeans
"shadow".

78. WayangKulit–isatypeofpuppet
shadowplayperformedaroundtheIndo-
Malayanarchipelago,tracingits origins
toIndia.

79. It isderivedfrom
aJavanese
Hindu-Buddhist
tradition,where
hand-crafted
leatherpuppets
depictepic
stories of the gods in shadow play. A
traditional Gamelan orchestra would
accompanythestory-telling.

80. Thepuppetscomein all
sizes, rangingfrom25cmto
75cm.Thepuppetsare
usually madeoutof buffalo
andgoathideandmounted
onbamboosticks.

81. Thecharactersareusually
representedbyseveralversions
in aset.Thebestpuppetsare
madefromyoungfemalewater
buffaloparchmentandthe
curingcantakeuptotenyears.

82. Angkawijaya

83. Betara-
guru-
highest
god

84. Betara-
durga -
god

85. Betara-
Komajaya
-Godof
Love

86. Betara_
Narada

87. Cakil-
demon

88. Buto-
Ogre

89. Citraksi

90. Gareng-
clown

91. Gathutkaca-
Heavenly
heroe

92. gatotkacaboth

93. Hanoman-
kingofapes

94. Irawan

95. Jagalabilawa

96. Petruk-
clown

97. samba

98. setyaboma

99. Togog-
evil
clown

100. Werkudara
- giant

101. Thefive Pandavabrothers

102. TheShow
Thepuppetsaremovedbehindacottonorlinen
screenbyaDalang,ora"puppetmaster"ina
shadowpuppetplay.TheDalangtells the
story,interpretsandvoiceseachcharacter,
producingsoundeffects withspeechand
movementandmanipulatesall thefigures
betweenthelampandthescreentobringthe
shadowstolife.

103. Dalang
ora
puppet
master

105. Mostshadowplayis basedontwo
epicstories fromIndia - the
MahabharataandtheRamayana.
TheBalineseandJavanesehave
combinedthe Hindustories with
BuddhistandMuslimideasmixed
withtheir ownfolklore.

106. Malaysia(WauKite)
WauKitein
Malay
is auniquely
designed
Malaysian
kite
called 'Wau'.

107. Its wingsaresimilartoan
Arabicletter(pronounced
"wow").Thiskite-making
traditioncomesnaturallyto
Malaysianpeople,especially
intheEasternStatesofthe
MalayanPeninsula.

108. Brunei(Songkok)
Thesongkokorpeciorkopiahis acap
widelyworninIndonesia,Brunei,
Malaysia,Singapore,thesouthern
PhilippinesandsouthernThailand,
mostlyamongMuslimmalesinformal
situationssuchasweddingfeasts,
funerals,orfestiveoccasionssuchas
theMuslimEidul-Fitr andEidal-Adha.

109. Songkok

110. Songkokcame
tobeassociated
withIslam in
Malaysia, while
in Indonesia
peci is also
associatedwiththe
nationalist secular
movement.

111. In Brunei Darussalam,men’sheadgears
arecategorizedinto three:
a) dastarwhichis apieceofclothtied
aroundthehead;
b) songkokorkopiah,atypeofcap
madefromvelvet;
c) tangkolokorserban,whichresembles
a
turbanandis atypicalheaddressin
theMiddleEast.

112. Afteraperiodof timethe
wearingofsongkokbecamea
tradition andsynonymouswith
beingaMalay.Graduallyit
replacedthedastaraspartof
theMalay'snationaldresson
mostformaloccasions.

113. Today,likeothergears,thesongkokcomesin many
colorfulvariationsto suit individualtastesandstyles.
Somemenlike to havetheir songkoksmadeto
measure- evenif it meansthat theyhaveto paya
little bit more- sothat theycanincorporatetheir own
innovationsaswell asselectthetypeandcolorof the
velvetto mirrortheir individuality.Others, whoare
moreeconomical,prefer to choosefromthewide
varietyof ready-madesongkoksavailableinmanyof
theshopsin town.

114. Thevalueofsongkok-
wearingistaughtto
theyoungbothat
homeandatschool.
Anadultmaynot
wanttowearthe
songkokall thetime
buthewillcertainly
wearit onvarious
importantoccasions.

115. Naturallytherearepeoplewhohabitually
wearthesongkokmostoftheirwaking
hours.However,in formertimes,theactof
notwearingit wasusuallyassociatedwith
piety.Nowadayspeoplehavetheoptionto
wearthesongkoktofulfill traditional
religiousrequirementsornotatall. Some
governmentservantsaregivensongkoks
withtheappropriatedecorationsaspartof
theiruniforms.

116. SCULPTURE

117. Cambodia
Formanythousandsofyears, theart of stonecarving
hasflourishedinCambodia.Fromsmallstatuesto the
breathtakingcarvingsfoundatAngkorWat,this art
mediumhasbecomeoneofthecountry's most
cherishedart forms.
Stonecarvinghasbeenbothapassionanda
livelihoodfor manyCambodiansculptors.
Theart of stone carving in Cambodiahasavery long,
fascinating history which goes back to the foundation
oftheKhmernation.

119. Thailand
Thailand is world-famousfor its
sculpture that dates back4,000 years.
Themostcommonlyusedmaterials are
wood,stone, ivory, clay, andvarious
metals.Themostnotable sculptures are
theThaibronzes famousfor their
originality andgrace.

120. Thisfamoussculpturein WatPhoin Bangkokis 46meters
longand15metershigh.It is madeofplasteronabrickcore
andfinished in goldleaf.Thefeet areinlaid with motherof
pearl.

121. Laos
If Cambodiahasstonecarvings,
Laoartisans useavariety of media
in their sculptural creations.
Typically,thepreciousmetalssuch
asbronze,silver, andgoldare
used.

122. Themostfamousstatue
madeof goldis thePhraSay
ofthesixteenthcentury,
whichtheSiamesecarried
homeaslootinthelate
eighteenthcentury.

123. Anotherfamous
sculptureinLaos
isthePhraBang
which is also cast in
gold. Unfortunately,
its craftsmanship
issaidtobeof
Sinhalese,rather
thanLao,origin.It is traditionally believed
thatrelicsoftheBuddhaarecontainedin
theimage.

124. Vietnam
Vietnamesesculpturehasbeen
heavilyinfluenced bythethree
traditional religionsT
aoism,
Confucianism,andBuddhism,
whichcomefromneighboring
countriesChinaandIndia.

125. Amongthe
famous
sculptures is the
10,000- year- old
carvings which
canbeseenon
the DongNoi
cave.
DONG NOI CAVE

126. DongSonculture, important
prehistoricculture ofIndochina;
it is namedfor avillage in
northernVietnamwheremany
of its remainshavebeenfound.

127. TheDongSoncultureis famous
for its kettledrums,small
carvings,andhomeutensils,
whichhavehandlessculptedin
theshapeof men,elephants,
toads,andtortoises.

129. Fiveprovinces:GiaLai, Kon
Tum,DakLak,DakNong,and
LamDongaresuited in the
highlandsof south-west
Vietnam

130. . Mourninghouses
erectedto honorthe
deathof theGiaRaiand
BaNaethnicgroupsare
symbolizedbystatues
placedin front of the
graves.

131. Thesestatuesincludecouples
embracing,pregnantwomen,
peoplein
mourning,
elephants,
andbirds

132. Indonesia
Indonesiais knownfor its stone,
bronze,andiron-agedarts.The
sculpturescanbefoundin
numerousarchaeologicalsites
in Sumatra,JavatoSulawesi.

133. ThenativeIndonesian tribes
usuallycreatesculptures that
depictancestors,deities, and
animals.Thisis evidentin the
pre-Hindu-Buddhistandpre-
Islamicsculptures fromthe
tribes.

134. Themostamazingsculptures are
theAsmatwoodensculptureof
Papua,theDayakwoodenmask
andsculpture,theancestral
woodenstatueofToraja,and
alsothetotem-like sculptureof
BatakandNiastribe.

135. Fromtheclassical Hindu-
Buddhisteraof Indonesia,the
mostprominentsculptures are
thehundredsof metersof relief
andhundredsof stoneBuddha
at thetempleof Borobudurin
centralJava.

136. Todayin Indonesia, therichest,mostelaborate
andvividwoodensculptureandwoodcarving
traditionscanbefoundin BaliandJepara,
Central Java.Balinese handicrafts suchas
sculptures,masks,andothercarvingartworks
arepopularsouvenir itemsfor tourists.The
Jeparawoodcarvingsarefamousfor their
elaborately carvedwoodenfurnitures, folding
screens,andalsopelaminangebyok(wedding
thronewithcarvedbackground).

137. Malaysia
Mostof Malaysia’s sculptures arerelief.
Thesearepartially carved into or out of
anothersurface. Thesesculptures rely
onabaseor plane to support themand
areacombination of boththree-
dimensional andtwo-dimensional art
forms.

138. Thisis verypopularalongthe
wallsandstonecolumnsof the
ancientGreekandRoman
buildings andcanstill beseen
todayonmanyfamous
buildings, including the
Colosseum.

139. Reliefsculptureis
practicedtoday
byartists and
architects, done
withstone,
marble,bronze,
andmanyother
substance.

140. Therearethreemaintypesof reliefsculptures:
1.Altoform-is almostcompletelycarvedfromits
surface
- highlyshaped,withverylittle ofthestructure
touchingthebaseorplane
- couldpossiblystandaloneif thebaseorplane
wereremoved
- thesearesimilartotheEgyptians’alto-relief
sculpturesof godsorPharaohsattachedtotheir
temples
- commonamongGreeksandRomans

141. 2. Basform-is arelief thatbarely
extendspastthebase
- commonaswalldecorationson
GreekorRomanbuildingsand
arethetypemostlyseenonthe
Colosseum

142. 3. Sunkenrelief sculpture
- animagethatis carved
intothesurface,rather
thanoutofit.

143. Relief woodcarvings frequently adorn
the doors, walls, andwindowsof
traditional Malayhouses. Popularmotifs
of suchrelief carvings arethe various
kinds of Malaysianflowersandplants.
Thesecarvings require ahigh degreeof
skill, patience, anddetermination.

144. ThebestMalay
woodcarvingis from
Terengganuand
Kelantan.Passed
downfromone
generationtoanother,
thecraftis divided
into ukiranhalus(fine
carving)and
ukirankasar(literally
meaning“rough
carving”).
Examplesof wood carving in Malaysia

145. UkiranHalusinvolves thecarving of
relief patterns, hilts ofkeris (short
Malaydagger), bedheads, and
cupboardtops.
UkiranKasar,referstothecarvings
onlargerobjects like furniture,
pillars, windows,roomportions, and
eavesofroofs.

146. Cengalis thepreferredwoodfor
buildinghousesandboats.
Beingexpensive,otherwoods
suchasbalauorperah(whichis
slightly softerthancengal)might
beusedfortherafters, or
floorboardsofahouseorforthe
prowofaboat.

147. Singapore
TheSriMariammamHindutemplewith
sculpturesofdifferentimagesis almostas
oldasSingaporeitself. Thiswasconstructed
anddedicatedtothegoddessMariamman
whoisworshippedforherpowertocure
disease(early Singaporewasmostlyjungle,
sodiseasewasrampant).Its most
interesting featureis its impressive gopuram
(tower)overthemainentrance,whichis
decoratedwithnumerousHindudeities.

148. Sri MariammamHindutemplewith sculptures

149. TheMerlionwasconceivedbecause
theSingaporeTourismBoard(STB)
felt thecountrylackedadistinct
imagerepresentingthenation andits
history. Theysetouttofabricate an
icon, whichcouldtapinto the
particular mythsandfolklore ofthe
area,manyofwhichfeature sea-
beastsandmagicalfish-creatures.

151. Sri MariammamHindutemplewith
sculptures
TheMerlionis alsopartly inspired bythe
storyof howSingaporegotits name,or
‘TheSingapuraStory’.
TheSentosaMerlionis thebiggest
replica, standingat 37metersandmade
fromglass- reinforcedconcrete.

152. Brunei
Sculpturein Bruneitakesonamoreutilitarian
rolethananaesthetic one.Thepeopleof Brunei
havealongtraditionasexcellentcraftsmen
usingbronzeandsilver to createadornments
andfunctionalitemssuchasbowls,tools,and
thelike.
Sculptingis oneart formthat is notyetwidely
practicedin BruneiDarussalam.Therearea
numberof artists whocanmakesculptureslike
anyother.

153. Examplesof their creationscanbeseenat the
ASEANSquaresin theASEANmembercountries.To
helppreservethis heritageof metalwork,the Brunei
ArtsandHandicraftTrainingCenterwas
establishedin1975toreviveandpromotethe
nation’s dyingtraditionofcrafts, including
metalwork.Theopeningofthis centeris still
consideredalandmarkinthehistoryof
developmentofBrunei’sartsandhandicrafts.In
addition totrainingyouthsintheartofsculpting,
thecenteralsohelpsfacilitate thesaleoftheir
crafts.

154. SUMMARY

155. Archipelagic SoutheastAsia (ASEA)is comprised of tens of
thousands of islands andasmall part of mainland SoutheastAsia; it
encompasses the countries of the Philippines, Timor-Leste,
Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, andSingapore.
Indonesian dance-dramas in the formof puppets are the
WayangTopeng, WayangOrang,WayangKulit, andWayang
Golek.
Wayang,in modernIndonesian language, is loosely
translated to mean"show" or "performance".
Kulit means "skin", areference to the leather material that the figures are
carved out of.
Thetermbatik is anIndonesian-Malay word, believed to berelated to the
Malaywordtitik, which means‘point’, ‘dot’ or ‘drop’.

156. Relief sculptures weredonewith stone,marble, bronze, andmany
other substances.
Therearethreemaintypesof relief sculptures:alto
(high),bas, (low),and sunken.
Thesongkokorpeciorkopiahis acapwidelywornin
Indonesia,Brunei,Malaysia,Singapore,thesouthern
PhilippinesandsouthernThailand,mostlyamongMuslimmales
Merlionis amythicalcreature with theheadofalion andthebodyof
afish,usedasamascotandnational personification ofSingapore.
Its namecombines "mer" meaningtheseaand"lion".

157. GLOSSARY

158. Angkor-Asubstancemixedwithpainttosoftenthegold
soit adheresmoresmoothly
Artisan-Askilledmanualworker;acraftsperson
Alto-Aformofrelief sculpturealmostcompletelycarved
fromitssurface.It is highlyshaped,withverylittle of
thestructuretouchingthebaseorplane
Batik-Anartmediumandmethodologyforcreating
design,usuallyoncloth,byapplyingwaxtoportionsof
thematerialandthendyeingit, thenremovingthewax.
Thiscanbedonetomakevibrantcolorsandincredible
designs
Bima-ThesecondsonofKingPanduinWayangKulit
Canting-Totilt orturn

159. Dhalang-Apuppetmaster,ashadowmaster,aliterary
andlinguisticsmaster,andaleader
Dye-Asubstanceusedtocolormaterials,alsocalled
dyestuff
FolkArt-Artoriginatingamongthecommonpeopleofa
nationorregionandusuallyreflectingtheirtraditional
cultureandhistory
Gamelan-Anintegralpartofall culturalactivitiesin
JavasuchasWayangKulit(leatherpuppets)
performance,courtdance,uyon-uyon(symphony
orchestraperformance),etc.
Hol- Khmerclothing,definedbyits myriadofdesignsin
asinglepieceoffabric

160. Ikat-Amethodofprinting wovenfabric bytie-dyeingthe
warpyarns (warp ikat) the weft yarns (weft ikat) or both
(doubleikat)beforeweaving
Indochina-ApeninsulaofSouthEasternAsiathat
includesMyanmar,Cambodia,Laos,Malaysia,Thailand,
andVietnam
KingPandu-TheyoungerbrotherofKingDrutharashtra
whorulesHasthinapur
LoyKrathong-FestivalinThailand
Mahabharata–AnepicthattellsofAncientIndia
Menkuang-isahugepandan-likeplantthatgrowsalong
thebackmangrovesandisalsofoundinMalaysia

161. Merlion-is amythicalcreaturewiththeheadofa
lion andthebodyofafish, usedasamascotand
nationalpersonification ofSingapore.Its name
combines"mer"meaningtheseaand"lion"
PapierMache-Amaterial,madefrompaperpulp
orshredsofpapermixedwith glueorpaste,that
canbemoldedinto variousshapeswhenwetand
becomeshardandsuitableforpainting and
varnishingwhendry
Ramayana- OneofthetwogreatIndianepicsthat
tells aboutlife in India around1000BCE

162. Relief-theprojectionofformsorfiguresfromaflat
ground,sothattheyarepartlyorwhollyfreeofit
Sihn- Thesimpleelegantankle-lengthskirt wornbyLao
women
Silapin–ThailandArtist
Sky lantern- Asmall hot-air balloon madeof paper with
anopeningat thebottomwhereasmallcandleorfire is
placed.It isusedforsomeSoutheastAsianevents.
Songkok- Acap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei,
Malaysia, Singapore, the southernPhilippines and
southernThailand,mostlyamongMuslimmales

163. WayangKulit-Atypeofpuppetshadowplayperformed
aroundtheIndo-Malayanarchipelago,tracingits origins
toIndia.It isderivedfromaJavaneseHindu-Buddhist
tradition,wherehand-craftedleatherpuppetsdepict
epicstoriesofthegodsinshadowplay.Atraditional
Gamelanorchestracanaccompanythestory-telling.
Wau-Atraditionalkitethatisespeciallypopularinthe
stateofKelantan,ontheEastCoastofMalaysia
WayangGolek-arewoodendollpuppetsthatare
operatedfrombelowbyrodsconnectedtothehands.