This document provides an overview of design thinking and some key aspects of the define stage. It discusses defining problems in a human-centered way by establishing a clear problem statement. This involves gathering insights through empathy and analysis to understand user needs. The insights are then synthesized to create a problem statement that frames the problem for the target users. The point of view articulates the user, their deep unmet need, and an interesting discovery. "How might we" questions are asked to spark ideation and potential solutions in a broad but manageable way.

1. Design Thinking
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2. What Is Define?
• Establishing a clear idea of the problem that you are trying to solve
for the user
• Define the core problems and create a problem statement in a
human-centered manner
• This problem statement will guide you throughout the designing
process
• Gather ideas about features, functions and other elements that
provided solutions to the problems or, allow users to resolve issues
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4. Analyse →
Synthesize
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Analysis: Breaking down complex concepts
and problems into smaller, make it easier to
understand. This is done during Empathy
stage as we observe and get the details
related to the users
Synthesis: Putting the puzzle together to form
a whole ideas. This occurs during Define
stage as we organize, interpret and make
sense of the data to create a problem
statement

5. Defining the Insights
Activity #1: Synthesizing (Using MIRO)
Referring to the interview and observation interpretations, use keywords or a
sentence to represent each point on sticky notes. Use only one sticky note per
point or thought and paste all of it on the wall. Eliminate duplicates while
looking for similar themes, patterns and connections. Cluster similar notes and
create new labels or headings for the clusters.
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6. Why the Need to Synthesize?
To come up with a good problem statement where is should be:
1. Human-centered: About the people you are trying to help and not
on the technology, monetary returns etc. Framing the problem
statement according to the users, their needs and insights
2. Broad enough for creative freedom
3. Narrow enough to make it manageable
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7. Create
the
Point of
View
(POV)
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Who is the
user/audience/persona?
Example: Caroline is a 26-
year-old single mom who
loves sci-fi movies.
What is the deep, unmet
need?
Example:
She needs a way to access
new and entertaining
content in a way that
allows her to consume it at
her own pace
What is the interesting
learning or discovery?
Example:
While making her feel
excited about discovering
new shows to share with
her friends.

8. Point of
View
(Example)
Caroline is a 26-year-old
single mom who loves sci-fi
movies. She needs a way to
access new and
entertaining content in a
way that allows her to
consume it at her own
pace, while making her feel
excited about discovering
new shows to share with
her friends.
FADHILAH RAIHAN | AUGUST 2020

9. Class Activity:
Create POV
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10. ‘How Might We’ Stage
• Using your POV, ask a specific questions starting with “How Might We” or
“In what ways might we”
❑“How” - Suggests that we do not yet have the answer.
❑“Might” - Emphasizes that our responses may only be possible solutions,
not the only solution
❑“We” - Immediately brings in the element of a collaborative effort.
• HMW are questions to spark ideation sessions, broad enough for wide range
of solutions and narrow enough that solutions can be created for the users
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11. Example: ‘How Might We’
Example #1 You have observed that youths tend not to watch TV programs on
the TV at home, some questions which can guide and spark your ideation
session could be:
• How might we make TV more social, so youths feel more engaged?
• How might we enable TV programs to be watched anywhere, at anytime?
• How might we make watching TV at home more exciting?
FADHILAH RAIHAN | AUGUST 2020

12. Example: ‘How Might We’
Example #2 “Teenage girls need… to eat nutritious food… in order to thrive and
grow in a healthy way.“ What are the HMW questions for this POV?
• How Might We make healthy eating appealing to young females?
• How Might We inspire teenage girls towards healthier eating options?
• How Might We make healthy eating something, which teenage girls aspire
towards?
• How Might We make nutritious food more affordable?
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