Octavia Butler Research Paper

Octavia Butler Research Paper
Octavia Estelle Butler was one of the many African Americans that represent the reason we celebrate Black History Month, the annual remembrance
of the achievements of African Americans. She showed the achievements of African Americans with her writing skill. Particularly, her novels and
short stories were very profound in the science fiction genre. Her hard work earned her special rewards and inspired others to reach to their potential
and accomplish great things. Octavia E. Butler was born on June 22, 1947, in Pasadena, California to Laurice and Octavia M. Butler. Her father's job
was shining shoes; her mother, a maid after his death. She was left being raised by her mother and grandmother. As a child, she had characteristics that
made her uncomfortable: tallness, shyness, and...show more content...
The book became a series with Mind of My Mind in 1977, Wild Seed in 1980, and Clay Ark's in 1984. In 1979, she had a career breakthrough with the
novel, Kindred. I personally enjoy this book because it's about an African Americanwoman traveling back in time to save her ancestor, a white slave
owner. One of her quotes about the novel was truly inspiring," I wanted to write a novel that would make others feel the history: the pain and fear that
black people have had to live through in order to endure." In the 1980s, she published the Xenogenesis trilogy. This consisted of Dawn in 1987,
Adulthood Rites in 1988, and Imago in 1989. Afterwards, she wrote the Parable series. The two books in it are the Parable of the Sower and the
Parable of the Talents. All of Octavia Butler's works deserve an award for its content and purpose. She received the 1984 Best Short Story Hugo
Award for "Speech Sounds." She also won a Nebula Award and Hugo Award for the novelette "Bloodchild." In 1995, Octavia Butler became the first
science–fiction writer to receive a "genius" grant from the MacArthur Foundation. This allowed her to buy a house for her
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Do you know the similarities and differences between a funding proposal and a research proposal? According to the website learnerassociates.net
/proposal, writing a funding proposal was created to help empower people to be successful in gaining funds for projects that provide worthwhile social
service. Aresearch proposal considers your overall topic ideas, your research question, your research process, and your sources and scaffolds what the
next steps will be for the project. There are similarities and differences between writing a funding proposal and a research proposal.
A research proposal is most often written by scholars seeking grant funding for a research project or it's the first step in getting approval to write a
doctoral dissertation. Even if this is just a course assignment, the introduction is the initial pitch of an idea or a thorough examination of the
significance of a research problem. After reading the introduction, readers should not only understand what is being proposed. Most proposals do not
include an abstract before the introduction. Background and Significance, this section can be melded into your introduction or you can create a
separate section to help with the organization and narrative flow of your proposal. This is where you explain the context of your proposal and describe
in detail why it's important. Approach writing this section with the thought that you can't assume your readers will know as much about the research
problem as you do. Note

Essay on Writing Experience
My Writing Experiences My experiences in writing have been minimal. I have only learned the basics of writing, like putting together sentences,
forming paragraphs with sentences, and things like that. Since I have been taking college English, I can tell my writing has improved a lot. In the
future, I hope to be able to improve tremendously at writing essays, paragraphs, research papers, documents, and stories so that I have very little to no
errors with drafting and final products. I predict I will be a well rounded writer when I graduate from college. Writing in the past started in
kindergarten. My teacher taught me how to write my name over and over until I could write it with no errors. All through elementary my teachers
taught me...show more content...
I need to learn to quit thinking as much on what I want to write about and how to write about a topic and just starting jotting stuff down in outline form
as it comes to mind. Run–ons and fragments I need to be able to spot and fix right away or I really need to not have any in my papers at all. My
goals are to write papers and not have to reassure myself that maybe I need to do more research or have more data or even have to rethink my
whole topic over. I would love to have the knowledge to be a tutor someday and teach other people how to properly write papers, paragraphs,
essays, and maybe even books. To have excellent skills in writing will definitely be a great advantage in my nursing profession. In nursing, I will
have to do lots of charting on my patients. I will have to do health presentations on various subjects such as exercising, how our society eats, and
sex education if I want to be a course instructor. Researching information on all of those topics I will have to make sure I do an excellent job on and
collect accurate information and statistics so that I can compare to other sources. Dictating to the doctor means that I will need to write properly so
that he understands what I am saying. Other nurses will have to be able to understand what I am talking about by my writing skills when doing shift
changes. I will have to be very precise so that other nurses will not

English 1101 Research Papers
In English 1101 we wrote several pieces of writing. Each piece was unique and I learned new things with everyone. My favorite piece of writing
was the research paper because I could choose the topic and it was a topic I think is very interesting. Even though it was probably the hardest one to
write I thought it was my best piece and I loved my topic of Genetically Engineered Babies. My least favorite was the memoir because I struggled
writing it and I had trouble picking a topic. It turned out being a really good memoir but I didn't love writing it. My strongest piece is probably my
common app essay because I put everything I was into that paper. My paper was called "I'm So Much More Than a Test Score". It was really powerful
and explained

Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Importance and purpose of research
Research is important to understand, increase knowledge, and get information for social life. Social research is conducted to extend knowledge about
some aspects of society like humanities, business or any social science [asi]. Research is used to form or develop new theories in order to understand
the process behind particular event or behavior, or review the correctness of existing theories. In addition, research is also conducted to inform decisions
or action to solve everyday issues such as evaluating the effectiveness of policy. [abr] and [brm] of the business research emphasis on the importance
of research as getting problem–solving information. Research is the process of studying and analyzing the aspects of the issue as to explore the
solution to the business.
The summaries of the core objectives of research are testing existing knowledge, developing new system or generating new knowledge, seeking
solution for issues, and analyzing new problems or investigating existing problems [br].
Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigm
[br] a research paradigm is a philosophical perspective that guides how scientific research should be conducted. Philosophy is 'a set or system of
beliefs [stemming from] the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence' (Waite and Hawker, 2009, p.685).
[w1] The most influential or the dominant ones of philosophical framework are positivism and interpretivism. During the twentieth

A Research Study On Research
The research topic is selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic is found, the literature review is completed, and a
decision is made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process to accomplish is the collection of data.
Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data
collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary
data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to
invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention are required. In order to ensure the data collection
process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the construction of a collection data form which is used to organize
all data that is collected; (2) the designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the collection of the actual
data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012). Once the researcher knows what information to collect and where to find it, the first
step in the data collection process is to organize the data on a constructed collection data form. This process allows the researcher to make

The First And Hardest Part Of Writing An Essay
The first and hardest part of writing an essay is figuring out how to start. A professor may give a topic to be written about, but in some cases that
may not happen. The first step is to pick a topic. The topic will serve as your thesis. You want to pick a topic that you are relatively knowledgeable
about so you are not completely in the dark. By picking a topic that you know even a little about, will take away the anxiety of not knowing where
to start or what to write about. If you chose to challenge yourself and write a paper about something you are novice about, then you want to pick a
topic that is broad enough to find enough information about. For example, if you want to write a paper about cars, do not make cars what your
paper is about, because although it is a broad topic it is also somewhat narrow. Try to broaden your topic buy changing it to, "how cars have changed
our lives." Changing your topic to a more argumentative thesis gives you a pinpoint area to write about and leaves the door open to give you more to
write about. The second step, and what I believe to be the most important step is locating sources to support your thesis. A researchessay without
sources becomes an opinion essay, and that is what you as the writer want to stay away from. Sources make your essay more creditable. If your essay
is about "how technology has benefited students and teachers in the classrooms," then you should find sources that are about how technology is used in

My Experience With Academic Writing
My experience with my academic writing it comes from the past years in different classes, that I have taken here in Texas Tech University. I have
taken some couple classes in the science department, a law class. In my law class I had to write an academic paper, explain the different types a law
that will apply in a wind energy industry. This academic writing was done in the law class, but that was different from English class. The writing in
the science class was little bit like the writing that was done in English 1301 at South Plains. My experience in the class was to compare and
summaries article that was chosen by the professor. In this class, it helps me to improve my writing skills little bit more that my high school English.
One of my weaknesses in writing is my grammar, that I will go in depth by going to the writing center and other helpful resources. In 1302 I will
learn more in depth how to write a research paper, so that I can go more in depth on my work and can use all the different sources on an essay
paper. Me intend to build my strength to get better on my grammar is to make sure that I read aloud for my research or argument paper that will be
writing for this semester. My goal for this class is to finish with a good grade and learn a lot from the professor. Also, to make sure that I use all help
that I get from the class that I will be attending during this semester.
In "The Myth of Helplessness", by Greene and "What I Learned About School Reform", by

Sampling Methods Essay
Sampling is the framework on which any form of research is carried out. A suitable sample that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a research
design must be chosen from a given population to carry out studies. In this essay comparison is made between stratified random sampling and
convenience sampling. The population on which the researcher is interested in carrying out his or her research may be too large, therefore a suitable
sample which can represent the population in correct proportion must be chosen. Restraints such as limitation of time, resources and many other factors
necessitate the selection of a sample for research purpose so that better quality data is obtained from it and that the researcher can make statement about
...show more content...
The methodological strength and weaknesses of this two sampling methods is discussed in terms of identifying the samples for research, the
representativeness it possesses to the general population, the methods and the outcome. Stratified random sampling is a probability sampling where the
selection of sampling unit is left to a random process, all units in the sample has an equal and non–zero chance of being selected on a probability
ground or chance and not on the choice or judgement of the researcher (Sim,J and Wright,C. 2000,). Convenience sampling is an example of non
probability sampling where the selection of the units is not by chance, rather it is dependent on the researcher's judgement, the researcher decides the
samples to be included in the study which may be subject to availability, time, individual preferences etc. The probability of selection of a particular
sampling unit may or may not be known. Stratified random sampling is commonly done in quantitative researches. When the samples reflect the
characteristics of the target population in the same proportion; assumptions can be made on generalizing the data acquired from these samples provided
it has been done correctly, since it is statistically representative (Sim,J and wright,C.,2000) but sampling error

Importance Of Credible Sources
A source is the place or resource in which knowledge has been obtained. When looking for sources to use in a research paper you need to be able to
determine whether or not a source is reliable and credible. It is important to use reliable and credible sources so that the information you use in a
document you are writing is accurate and will not affect you in a negative way, by either getting a bad grade in school or just looking unintelligent to a
colleague.
A credible source is a source of good quality that a reader can trust to be truthful and believable, otherwise known as convincing or plausible. It is
important to use credible sources to prove points because it enhances your own credibility as a writer by contributing to the effect of...show more
content...
When using ethos you create a sense of authority to the reader that what you are saying is reliable. For example, in commercials athletes advertise
athletic products, while models advertise beauty products. This shows a reader that professional people in a certain field backup a product in a
positive way. Ethos is also used when someone uses actions that a person has completed in the past, to help persuade people that they have
experience and are reliable. When using logos you can cite statistics, analogies, and historical context about a topic to show you are a credible
source and that the information you are using can be proven with evidence. It enhances a rational and fact based reasoning on a topic. If you use
pathos and appeal to the more emotional side of a topic, a reader could immediately identify your source as bias, as it uses a human's sense of emotion
to get someone to agree with a topic.
A credible and reliable source can be determined through characteristics in spelling/grammar, citations and examples used within a document, and
the author. Once a reliable and credible source has been identified you can use it in any research paper that will help improve your skills as a writer,
and make your writing as reliable as the sources that allowed you to write it. When creating a reliable and credible source use ethos and logos to help
support your claim, to enhance your authority and provide logical

The research Process Essay
Processes of research by Jonathan Guy
In this essay I will outline the primary methods of conducting research, their advantages and disadvantages and will outline where they are best
utilised. In addition to this, I will select certain methods of research that I believe will be applicable to my own dissertation and state why I will use
those particular methods to conduct my own research.
The first question we should ask is what is research? John C. Merriam considers research as "a reaching out to bring together, organise and interpret
what ever may be added to our store of knowledge...most truly exemplified when it involves the wider relationship of specific facts to the whole
structure of knowledge". (C. Merriam, 1941, pg890) In other...show more content...
It is the fundamental requirement in the advance of civilisation" (Merriam, 1929, 56–57).
Whilst there seems little argument over whether we should conduct research or not, its importance being more than apparent, the question now
becomes in what manner should we conduct research and what advantages do certain methods have over others. There are numerous ways of
conducting research but the most prominent are the science and scientific methods, the logical methods, the case methods, the statistical methods, and
the experimental methods each of which shall now be considered.
First we shall consider the scientific method. There is much debate as to whether social studies can be considered a science on the basis of how it
conducts its research but any claims that it is a science are based more or less entirely on the scientific method and rational choice, characterised
predominantly by its use of facts and empirical evidence to support its claims with in political "science". Karl Pearson states the scientific method as
"The scientific method is marked by the following features: (a) careful and accurate classification of facts and observation of their correlation and
sequence; (b) the discovery of scientific laws by aid of the creative imagination (c) self–criticism and the final touch–stone of the equal validity for all
normally constituted minds" (Pearson, 1911, 6–78). In other words, the scientific method is one which tries to discover

Research Experience
I have proactively engaged in research activity throughout my undergraduate program. I had my first research experience in Dr. B Anand's lab, Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, during my second year. The aim of the project was to study the non–fluorescent beta–barrel structured
proteins and engineer its amino acid sequence to make them into fluorescent ones. Our approach was mainly based upon the studies of Green
Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from a jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Tools like Python programming language, Gromacs, Ribosome, PROSS, and Pymol were
used to study the structural components of non–fluorescent proteins. I gained invaluable...show more content...
I was challenged with cloning ydeH gene into the pJT118 plasmids which are green light sensitive. The ydeH gene produces a protein named
diguanylate cyclase, which induces the production of c–di–GMP in Rosetta strain. This project gave me an opportunity to participate and win silver at
International Bio–molecular design competition (BIOMOD) 2012 held at Wyss Institute, Harvard University, USA. Most of the molecular genetic
techniques were extensively used in my project. During this internship, apart from gaining deeper technical experience, I realized that I could work on
a research problem with a certain degree of independence, figuring out right approaches and proposing useful experiments. I acquired more confidence
in my aptitude for research and it has been boosted while working on my undergraduate projects.
As a part of my undergraduate thesis, I worked on a project 'Extraction and analysis of beauvericin, a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and
its cytotoxic effects on the SF–21 (immortalized pupal ovarian cells isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line' under the guidance of Dr.
Gurvinder Kaur Saini, IIT Guwahati. Beauvericin metabolite was extracted from the Beauveria bassiana isolates UB17 and UB21, by using n–hexane
extraction method and the presence of beauvericin was analyzed and confirmed with High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass
spectroscopy (MS). Cytotoxic

Rationale For Literature Review
Discussing the rationale for literature review to demonstrate its significance in research.
The literature review is mostly regarded as being an essential part of student projects, research studies and dissertations. This essay examines the
reasons for the importance of the literature review, its rationale in demonstrating the significance in research, and the things which it tries to achieve. It
also outlines the main strategies which you can use to write a good literature review. The essay will also analyze the advantages of literature review,
the different types of literature review and the obstacles you may face when conducting your study.
Literature review is an efficient search of published work to find out what is previously known about...show more content...
Date of access 19 August 2017
Krathwohl , D.R. (1988). How to Prepare a Research Proposal: Guidelines for Funding and Dissertations in the Social and Behavioral Sciences.Syracuse
NY: Syracuse University Press. libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview Date of access 19 August 2017 uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500
/1683/05chapter5. Date of access 20 August 2017
Webster, J. and Watson, R T. (2002) 'Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review', MIS Quarterly, Vol 6, 2 pp.13
–33
www.aut.ac.nz/.../360509/An–introduction–to–literature–reviews. Date of access 19 August

What I Have Learned About Research
What I have learned about research is that it is a process, a scientific process that psychologist and scientist develop that includes many different
approaches and that is carefully peer reviewed and evaluated. There is what is called the Scientific Approach where scientist have an idea or theory
and based on their observation will either support the theory or the theory can be falsified by their peers. Data also goes through a review period
before it is published in a scientific journal by scientist who have the knowledge and expertise to evaluate it.
I also learned the difference between basic and applied research where basic research focuses mostly on things such as emotion, cognition, social
behavior, personality development, learning, and neuropsychology. Basic research will be more helpful for answering fundamental questions about the
nature of behavior. Applied research however, addresses more of a specific problem with a possible solution. Program evaluation covers a large area of
applied research. Program evaluation assesses the social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system,
industry, health care, and mental health institutions. When discussing behavioral research it is imperative to note the precedents that it has in many
fields and the significance of the applications to public policy.
A variable is referred to as any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes or varies. Any variable

Why Research Is Important Essay
Asking me why research is important is like asking me why breathing is important or why is walking important. For me, it is a fundamental way of
life. Okay, maybe not as fundamental as oxygen, but it is way up there. Research is important because it can satisfies our thirst in discovery and
make deeper understanding about particular material. A research could give us a confidence booster when complete it. Research is effected our life.
Try to think what research have done so far. We know lot of things because of research. People do research because they want to know something new
and solve a problem. Research which is the foundation for knowledge that makes possible so much of the innovation and application that provides
wider benefit. In research,...show more content...
Language used in communication among the speaker with the hearer. Trough language an idea, opinion, feeling, critics and some supports can be
expressed. Oka (in Suyono, 1990:45) state that to express the feeling, idea, opinion, critics, and suggestion is a basic means of language. With
language the people can express their idea, opinion and also doing a good communication. When the people want to share their idea, feeling, opinion
or doing some speech they should use language correctly. In doing a good conversation we should intend the utterance clearly to the hearer and also
the hearer should listen what the speaker saying carefully, it is what the expert call with cooperative principle in pragmatics field. Pragmatics is a study
about the meaning in use or speaker meaning. One of the most basic assumptions we must make for successful communication to take place in that
both people in a conversation are cooperating, it is conveyed by the philosopher, Paul Grace. Not all of the people willing to doing cooperative
conversation because of some factor, one of them wants to be polite or even unwillingness in doing a good conversation. Furthermore we often listen
the utterance have a different meaning with the intention of the

Ethics in Research Essay
Ethics in Research
Research is one of the most successful means of obtaining a wide variety of information concerning limited or broad topics. However, abundant as this
information may be, it is important to maintain an ethical outlook to all research topics. As research and its subsequent experimentations advance in
light of new generations, the idea of ethics becomes a more prominent issue. Researchers must be aware of the conflicts that their research may bring
about. They must know how to address their findings in a moral way appealing to the pro and cons. Researchers can not simply accumulate data.
Coupled with data is the process of analysis, where researchers manipulate their findings...show more content...
According to the National Institute of Health, stem cells are unique cells created from embryos for infertility purposes usually through the process of in
vitro fertilization (Institute on Health). Stems cells have two important characteristics that differentiate them from other types of cells. One is that they
are unspecialized cells that rejuvenate themselves through cell division. The other is that, under certain conditions, they can be induced to become
certain specialized cells (Institute on Health). For certain people this is life saving news. Now that cells can be specialized under these unspecialized
stem cells, a patient can receive new heart cells for a diseased heart or many other life threatening diseases (Institute on Health). This information can
be used in a variety of useful ways, but is it morally right to create embryos only to destroy them? Are these potential humans that could help them
world in some other way? This is the perspective of many people fighting against stem–cell research. These activists claim that stem–cell research plays
against the will of God. Moreover, if stem cell research is legalized world–wide, who is to say that people will use it only to benefit the curing of
disease? Is it possible that people will become careless and more susceptible to disease only to receive stem cells to

Why It Is Hard To Write A Research Paper
Why are essays so hard to write ? Essays take a lot of practice and certain requirements to write them. It takes a lot of practice and counts a lot in
parts of your grades. "Most students do not supplement their general study of the law for the essays. They rely on the encyclopedic outline and are
fooled into thinking all they need for the essays is general concepts."(writing edge p.5) Although teachers assign them and think that they help us learn
most students don't like them and research shows that's you can't have enough practice to write an essay.
Essays my be very difficult to write because people like to wait last minute. It is said that "There are a lot of reasons. Many students wait to start
writing them until the last minute – and

Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a
principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are
differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative
involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the
researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting
detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their
entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is
defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed
views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research.
Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that
trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative
research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out

Research Problem
RESEARCH PROBLEM:
A problem is (1) any significant, perplexing and challenging situation, real or artificial, the solution of which requires reflective thinking; (2) a
perplexing situation after it has been translated into a question or series of questions that help determine the direction of subsequent inquiry.
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
The term research problem implies that an investigation, inquiry or study is to be conducted, or that the problem is ready for investigation, inquiry or
study. There are certain elements that a problem must possess before it becomes a research problem ready for investigation.
1. AIM or PURPOSE OF THE PROBLEM FOR INVESTIGATION. This answers thequestion "Why?" Why is there an...show more content...
h) The results are practical and implementable.
i) It requires original, critical and reflective thinking to solve it.
j) It can be delimited to suit the resources of the researcher but big or large enough to be able to give significant, valid and reliable results and
generalizations.
k) It must contribute to the national development goals for the improvement of the quality of human life.
l) It must contribute to the fund of human knowledge.
m) It must show or pave the way for the solution of the problem or problems intended to be solved.
n) It must not undermine the moral and spiritual values of the people. It must not advocate the promotion of antisocial values such as drug addiction,
cruelty, hatred, divisiveness, etc. As much as possible, it must advocate the promotion of divine values and those admirable human values such as love,
peace, goodwill, etc.
o) It must not advocate any change in the present order of things by means of violence but by peaceful means.
p) There must be a consideration of hazards involved, physical, social or legal.
Guidelines in Writing the Title

One of the critical parts in thesis writing is the proper way of writing a title. There are some rules applied in writing the title.
The following are some guidelines in writing the title
1. The title should be clear and distinctively stated. 2. Subject matter of the study, the place of the study, the population involved, the period when the
data were

Octavia Butler Research Paper

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