The document summarizes the major events from the Big Bang theory, including the formation of the universe approximately 15 billion years ago, the formation of the Milky Way galaxy and the Earth, and the emergence of early life on Earth. It describes how hydrogen and helium formed after the Big Bang and later condensed into galaxies and stars. The formation of heavier elements in supernovae explosions is noted. Key events in the development of life on Earth such as the appearance of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and multicellular organisms are highlighted.

1. FROM BIG BANG TO LIFE ON EARTH
PREPARED FOR :
DR. WAN BAYANI BINTI WAN OMAR
GROUP:
7
NAME MATRIC NUMBER
PUTERI NUR AFIQAH BINTI ABDUL WAHAB S38794
WAN NURSYAHIDA BINTI WAN ABD ARIFF S38817
NUR IFFAH AMIRAH BINTI MOHAMED RAMELY S38766
NUR HIDAYAH BINTI AHMAD PAUZI S38764
MUHAMMAD SHAZLY BIN ROSDY S38745

2. INTRODUCTION
• Big Bang Theory tells about how the universe
begin.
• There are also some theory that related such as
The Incredible Bulk Theory, Time’s Arrow Theory
and The Now Have it Theory.
• Big Bang Theory stated that 15 mya there is an
explosion of a small volume of extremely dense
matter, then the universe started to formed.
• This startling idea first PPEred in 1927 by
Georges Lemaitre (Father of Big Bang)
cosmologist and Catholic priest.

3. • Edin Hubbble propose experimental evidence of
Lemaitre Theory which is Big Bang Theory in 1929.He
started that galaxies appear to be moving away from
us at speeds proportional to their distance.
• This observation support the expansion of the
universe and suggests that the universe was once
compacted
• In 1964, Radioastronomers, Amo Penzias & Robert
Wilson discovered radiation that logically support Big
Bang Theory.
• The theory accepted by nearly all astronomers today
as they also found some evidence that support the
theory.

5. BIG BANG THEORY
• Produce matter with very high temperature .
• After cooling , hydrogen atoms formed by
combination of subatomic particles
• 100mya, masses of hydrogen condensed into
galaxies .
• The galaxy than condensed into billion stars .
• Each star condensed & decreased in
temperature . This where the recombination of
particles from hydrogen into helium .
• Combustion of hydrogen happened that
increase the temperature .

6. • As the size of star increase , the rate of consumption
of hydrogen increase .
• Internal temperature continue to increase and helium
nuclei fusses and forming carbon atoms .
• Extreme high core temperature cause carbon to burn
and producing new elements .
• an accident where the star collapses and the heats up
and explode into supernova (the ‘bright light’ ) .
• The solar system was formed from a cloud of space
dust that was ‘sqeezed’ by supernova explosion .
• The shock waves and material that fly out from the
supernova can cause the formation of new stars such
as meteorites and planets .

7. EARTH FORMATION
Years Events
4.5 bya Earth is formed. After the supernova.
3.9 bya The crust of Earth stabilised.
3.5 bya Prokaryotes appeared.
>1.5 bya Eukaryotes appeared.
< 1 bya Multicellular organisms appeared
500 mya Fishes and plants appeared.

8. • Around six million years ago with a primate
group called Ardipithecus appeared.
• Ardipithecus evoloved to human .
• In 1953 , Stanle Miller & Harold re tested
Oparin-Haldane hypothesis .
• They creates a laboratory conditions
comparable to those of the early earth .
• The result of the experiment support to the
theory that the first life forms arise
spontaneously through naturally occuring
chemical reactions.

9. Conclusion
Big Bang Theory has it own weakness :
• Horizon problem –the cosmic radiation, which is
the main proof of the Big Bang Theory, comes
from widely separated parts of the sky.These
regions are too far from each other to be able to
interact with each other, even with signals
travelling at the speed of light.But according to
the smooth background radiation whose sources
have similar properties, they must have
interacted with each other.

10. • Flatness problem – The experimental evidence
is that the present universe has very low
geometrical curvature in its space-time.In other
words, it is flat. According to the Big Bang
Theory, the Universe expands but unless this
expansion is confined to an incredibly narrow
range of possibilities, it would not have stayed
‘flat’.

11. APPENDICES

14. References
• The Big Bang Theory (2008) . Retrieved November 27, 2015
from http://www.big-bang-theory.com/
• The Formation of Solar System (2000) . Retrieved November
22, 2015 from http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-4_u-138_t-
402_c-1414/the-big-bang-theory/nsw/the-big-bang-
theory/the-big-bang-and-our-universe/the-formation
• David C. (2005) Big History : Big Bang , Life on Earth and the
Rise of Humanity. Retrived November 25, 2015 from
http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/big-history-the-
big-bang-life-on-earth-and-the-rise-of-humanity.html