Research article on Liquisolid compact

1. EFFECT OF NOVEL CARRIERS ON
PROPERTIES OF LIQUISOLID COMPACT
OF CARBAMAZEPINE
By
Vishal R. Mohite
M.Pharm II
Under guidance of
Dr. R. J. Dias
Director
Yspm’ Ytc , Faculty of pharmacy
satara
12/16/2017
1

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Relevance and Motivation
• Objectives
• Plan of work
• Literature Review
• Drug Profile
• Excipients Profile
• Material and Equipments
• Experimental works
• Result and Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
12/16/2017 2

3. INTRODUCTION
• Dissolution properties of drug and its release from dosage
form have basic impact on its bioavailability
• Poor dissolution rate of water insoluble drugs is one of the
major problem faced by pharmaceutical industry
• Near about 40-60% of existed chemical entities suffer from
poor aqueous solubility
12/16/2017 3

4. INTRODUCTION
• Different types of techniques available for Dissolution
enhancement -Micronization, lyophilisation, solid dispersion
cyclodextrin complex , inclusion of liquid drug in to the soft
gelatine capsule, etc
• All these techniques have certain limitations
• Liquisolid compact: A novel promising technique of solubility
enhancement which can overcome these limitation
12/16/2017 4

5. INTRODUCTION
• Liquisolid system is powdered form of liquid medication
• It is formulated by converting liquid lipophilic drug or solution
or suspension of water insoluble drug in non volatile solvent
into the dry, non adherent, free flowing readily compressible
powder by blending these liquid or solution or suspension
with the selected carrier or coating materials
12/16/2017 5

6. INTRODUCTION
12/16/2017 6

7. MOTIVATION & RELEVENCE
• The liquisolid technology for release enhancement has been successfully
applied to low dose poorly soluble drugs
• However, the formulation of a high dose poorly soluble drug is one of the
limitations of this technology.
• The release rates are directly proportional to the fraction of molecularly
dispersed drug in the liquid portion
• a higher drug dose requires a higher amount of liquid vehicle to obtain a
faster drug release
12/16/2017 7

8. MOTIVATION & RELEVENCE
• To load high dose water insoluble drug for increasing liquid adsorption
capacity by using carrier and coating materials with a high specific surface
area (SSA). Higher the SSA of an excipient, higher is the liquid load factor
• There is a need to investigate novel porous tableting excipients with a high
SSA
• Hence, an attempt will be made to evaluate novel carriers such neusulin,
fujicalin, pectin, etc. for increasing loading capacity of non volatile solvent
along with the drug
12/16/2017 8

9. MOTIVATION & RELEVENCE
• Carbamazepine (CBZ), 5H-dibenzazepine-5-carboxamide, is a sodium
channel blocker that has been in routine use in the treatment of epilepsy
and trigeminal neuralgia for over 40 years. It is practically insoluble in
water. The oral absorption of CBZ is slow, erratic and unpredictable in
humans owing to slow dissolution. The liquisolid technique is adopted in
an attempt to improve the dissolution properties, and hence, the
bioavailability of CBZ
12/16/2017 9

10. MOTIVATION & RELEVENCE
• In this study, carbamazepine has been selected as a model drug to
examine capability of novel carriers within liquisolid tablets to enhance
the solubility and dissolution rate of drugs that have therapeutic dose
more than 50
12/16/2017 10

11. OBJECTIVES
• To perform preformulation studies.
• To study effect of novel carriers on liquisolid compact of
carbamazepine
• To formulate liquisolid compacts of carbamazepine
• To study dissolution and drug release pattern of liquisolid
compacts
• To carry out evaluation of the formulated liquisolid compacts
12/16/2017 11

12. PLAN OF WORK
• Literature Survey
• Selection and Procurement of drug and excipients
• Material and method
• Preformulation study of drug
• Formulation and design liquisolid powder system
• Drug-excipient compatibility study
• Precompression study
• Formulation and Development of Liquisolid Tablets
• Evaluation of liquisolid tablet
12/16/2017 12

13. LITERATURE REVIEW
12/16/2017 13
Authors Name of research paper Conclusion
Spireas S et al In vitro release patterns of
hydrocortisone liquisolid
tablets.
In vitro drug dissolution rates of
liquisolid tablets were found to be
consistent and independent of the
volume of dissolution medium used,
in contrast to the plain tablets, which
exhibited declining drug release
patterns with decreasing dissolution
volumes.
Nokhodchi A et al Liquisolid technique for
dissolution rate enhancement
of a high dose water insoluble
drug carbamazepine.
Possible to load high amounts of
drug into liquisolid tablets by
addition of PVP. This is valuable for
preparation of liquisolid tablets of
high dose drugs.

14. LITERATURE REVIEW
12/16/2017 14
Authors Name of research paper Conclusion
Spireas S et al In vitro release patterns of
hydrocortisone liquisolid
tablets.
In vitro drug dissolution rates of
liquisolid tablets were found to be
consistent and independent of the
volume of dissolution medium used,
in contrast to the plain tablets, which
exhibited declining drug release
patterns with decreasing dissolution
volumes.
Nokhodchi A et al Liquisolid technique for
dissolution rate enhancement
of a high dose water insoluble
drug carbamazepine.
Possible to load high amounts of
drug into liquisolid tablets by
addition of PVP. This is valuable for
preparation of liquisolid tablets of
high dose drugs.

15. LITERATURE REVIEW
12/16/2017 15
Authors Name of Paper Conclusion
Nokhodchi A et al Effect of type and
concentration of vehicles on
the dissolution rate of a poorly
soluble drug (indomethacin)
from liquisolid compacts.
At any dissolution media the
liquisolid compact displayed
higher drug release values.
Javadzadeh Y et al Enhancement of dissolution
rate of piroxicam using
liquisolid compacts.
The liquisolid compacts
of piroxicam, exhibit drug
dissolution rates which are
directly proportional to the
fraction, FM, of the
molecularly dispersed drug in
their liquid medication.

16. DRUG PROFILE
NAME OF DRUG CARBAMAZEPINE
Appearance White to off white powder
Colour White.
Molecular weight 236.26
Molecular formula: C15H12N2O
Chemical IUPAC Name 5H-Dibenz [b,f] azepine-5-carboxamide
5-Carbamoyl-5H-dibenz [b, f ] azepine
Chemical Structure:
12/16/2017 16

17. DRUG PROFILE
12/16/2017 17
NAME OF DRUG CARBAMAZEPINE
BCS class II
Dose 100 to200 mg
Drug Category Anti-epileptic
Half Life 25-65 hours
Melting point 187oC-193oC

18. EXCIPIENTS PROFILE
Carriers
• Avicel 102
• Neusilin US 2
• Fujicalin SG
Coating material
• Aerosil 200
• Neusilin US 2
Non volatile solvent
12/16/2017 18

19. MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
• Material
12/16/2017 19
Sr. No. Name of the ingredient Name of the Supplier
1 Carbamazepine Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai
2 Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 102) Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Pune
3 Silicone dioxide (Aerosil 200) Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Pune
4 Calcium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous (Fujicalin SG) Gangwal chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai
5 Magnesium aluminum silicate (Neusilin US2) Gangwal chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai
6 Polyethylene glycol 200 Loba Chemie, Mumbai
7 Crospovidone (Polyplasdone XL-10) Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Pune
8 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Loba Chemie, Mumbai

20. MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
Sr. No. Name of equipments Model / make
1 Single pan electronic balance Shimadzu, Japan
2 USP dissolution apparatus II TDT-06L, Electrolab, Mumbai
3 Single punch tablet press machine Minipress II MT, Rimek
4 Hardness tester EH-01, Electrolab, Mumbai
5 Friability tester Rolex
6 Tablet disintegrating test apparatus ED-2L, Electrolab, Mumbai
7 UV Visible Spectrophotometer UV 1700, Shimadzu, Japan
8 FTIR spectrophotometer IR Affinity, MIRacle 10, Shimadzu, Japan
9 X-ray diffractometer Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer
10 Differential scanning calorimeter Model-SDT Q600 V20.9 Build 20
12/16/2017 20
• Equipment

21. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Preformulation studies of drug
• Description
colour, odour and appearance
• Melting point of carbamazepine
it is determined by method using melting point apparatus
• UV spectroscopy
UV spectrum of carbamazepine in solution of 1% SLS and
ethanol was scanned at 400nm to 200nm for determination
of λmax
12/16/2017 21

22. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy
IR spectra of carbamazepine was recorded by ATR-FTIR
• Colour test
0.1gm of drug + 2ml of nitric acid in water bath 3 minutes
• Calibration curve of carbamazepine using UV method in 1%
SLS
Stock I : 100mg drug+100ml methanol (1 mg /ml of drug)
Stock II :10ml of stock I in 100ml volumetric flask adjust the volume by
1% SLS
12/16/2017 22

23. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Pipette out 0.2 ,0.4 , 0.6, 0.8, .....2ml from stock II in 10 ml
volumetric flask adjust the volume with 1% SLS Solution
• Measure the absorbance at λmax
12/16/2017 23

24. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Determination of solubility of drug in different non volatile
solvent
• Saturated solutions were prepared by adding excess of drug
to vehicle such as PG, PEG200, PEG 400, Glycerine , tween 20
shaking on shaker for 48 hrs under constant vibration
• After this period solution were filtered through membrane
filtrate (0.45 μm )
• Diluted with 1% SLS solution absorbance measured at 287 nm
12/16/2017 24

25. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Determination of flow able liquid retention potential
of carriers & coating materials (ф)
• To measure the angle of slide, the prepared liquid/powder admixtures were placed
on polished metal plates, the plate was then tilted gradually until the
liquid/powder admixture was about to slide. The angle formed between the plate
and the horizontal surface was defined as the angle of slide (ø). The flow
properties of excipients will be changed due to adsorption of the liquid vehicle.
The flowable liquid-retention potential (ф-value) of each liquid/powder admixture
was calculated using the following equation.
• Ф value = weight of liquid/weight of solid
12/16/2017 25

26. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• The ф -values were plotted graphically against the
corresponding slide. The Phi-value corresponding to an angle
of slide of 33 represented the Flowable Liquid Retention
Potential of Carriers.
12/16/2017 26

27. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Calculation of Liquisolid system
• R= Q /q
• Lf = W/Q
•  L f =  +  (1/R)
Where,
 - flowable liquid retention potential of carrier material
 - flowable liquid retention potential of coating material
W- Weight of Non volatile solvent
Q- Weight of Carrier material
q – Weight of Coating material
•  L f (AA) =0.14+1.5(1/R)
12/16/2017 27

28. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Preparation of liquisolid system
12/16/2017 28
Carrier & Coating Material
Batch
% Cd Lf R W Q q
Crosspovi
done 5 %
Fujicalin
10% total Wtcode
Carrier - Avicel102 Coating - Aerosil200 AA1 90 0.215 20 0.125 0.58 0.029 0.042 0.889
AA2 70 0.24 15 0.16 0.66 0.044 0.049 1.032
AA3 50 0.44 5 0.224 0.5 0.102 0.047 0.994
Carrier - Fujicalin SG Coating - Aerosil200 FA1 90 0.41 20 0.125 0.3 0.015 0.027 0.58
FA2 70 0.41 20 0.16 0.38 0.019 0.034 0.71
FA3 50 0.41 20 0.224 0.53 0.026 0.045 0.947
Carrier - Neusilin Coating - Aerosil200 NA1 90 1.02 20 0.125 0.12 0.006 0.018 0.383
NA2 70 1.02 20 0.16 0.15 0.007 0.021 0.457
NA3 50 1.02 20 0.224 0.21 0.01 0.028 0.593
Carrier - Neusilin Coating - Aerosil200 NAD1 90 1.02 20 0.125 0.121 0.006 0.018 0.036 0.419
NAD2 70 1.02 20 0.16 0.156 0.007 0.021 0.043 0.501
NAD3 50 1.02 20 0.224 0.218 0.01 0.028 0.056 0.65
Carrier - Neusilin Coating -Neusilin NN1 90 0.99 20 0.125 0.125 0.006 0.018 - 0.387
NN2 70 0.99 20 0.16 0.16 0.008 0.022 - 0.462
NN3 50 0.99 20 0.224 0.224 0.011 0.028 - 0.6
Carrier - Neusilin Coating -Neusilin NND1 90 0.99 20 0.125 0.125 0.006 0.018 0.036 0.423
NND2 70 0.99 20 0.16 0.16 0.008 0.022 0.044 0.506
NND3 50 0.99 20 0.224 0.224 0.011 0.028 0.057 0.657

29. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Preformulation studies of Liquisolid system
• Flow properties
• Angle of repose
• Carr’s Index
• Hausners ratio
12/16/2017 29

30. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Solid state characterization
• IR- spectroscopy
• X-ray powder diffraction
• Differential Scanning calorimetry
12/16/2017 30

31. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Preparation of carbamazepine liquisolid tablet
• The liquisolid powder mixture containing carbamazepine was
compressed directly on single punch tablet machine to get
tablets of 10mm, 12mm and 14mm diameter and of desired
thickness and hardness
12/16/2017 31

32. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Physical parameters of tablets
• Tablets were evaluated by carrying out tests for weight
variation, uniformity of tablet thickness and diameter,
friability and hardness. All the tests were carried out in
triplicate and according to the compendial specifications
12/16/2017 32

33. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Content uniformity
• Disintegration test
• Dissolution studies
The USP Apparatus 2 (Electrolab, TDT-06L) was used with 900
ml of 1% sodium lauryl sulphate solution (1% SLS) at 37 ± 0.5
0C, and rotated at 75 rpm.
12/16/2017 33

34. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS
• Statistical Analysis
• One way ANOVA with Turkey’s multi comparison test
12/16/2017 34

35. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Preformulation studies of drug
• Description
white to off white powder
• Melting point of carmabazepine
12/16/2017 35
Sr. No. Melting point of Drug
1 192-1930c

36. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• UV spectroscopy
Uv spectrum of carbamazepine in ethnanol shows maxima at 214nm, and
at 285 nm and minimum at 259nm
12/16/2017 36

37. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy
12/16/2017 37
Sr. No. Assignments Standard IR peak cm-1 Observed IR peak cm-1
1 NH2 3470 3462
2 C=O 1680 1672
3 C=C 1600 1598

38. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Calibration curve of carbamazepine using UV method in 1%
SLS
• Determination of λmax of carbamazepine in 1% SLS
12/16/2017 38

39. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Conc. Absorbance
2 0.117
4 0.229
6 0.327
8 0.451
10 0.543
12 0.595
14 0.709
16 0.831
18 0.973
20 1.079
12/16/2017 39
y = 0.0522x + 0.0117
R² = 0.9946
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25
Absorbance
conc. (μg/ml)
calibration curve of carbamazepine in 1% SLS solution
absorbance
Linear (absorbance)

40. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Determination of saturated solubility of drug in different non
volatile solvent
12/16/2017 40
Sr. No. Non volatile solvent Solubility
(mg/ml)
1 Propylene Glycol (PG) 45.10±0.16
2 PEG 400 68.12±0.29
3 PEG 200 107.94±0.62
4 TWEEN 20 6.84±0.11
5 1% SLS 1.77±0.14
6 Distilled water 0.155±0.15

41. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Determination of flowable liquid retention potential (ф)
12/16/2017 41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
AngleofSlide(o)
Value (w/w)
Avicel 102
Aerosil 200
Neusilin us2
Fujicalin SG

42. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
From graph
ф values avicel 102=0.14
ф values aerosil 200 =1.5
ф values neusilin us2 =0.95
ф values fujicaliun SG =0.34
12/16/2017 42

43. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Formulation Code
Average Angle of repose (q) ±
SD Average Carr’s index ± SD
Average Hausner’s
ratio ± SD
AA1 33.21 ±0.184 15.15±2.77 1.18±0.039
AA2 32.25 ±0.34 15.72±2.49 1.18±0.035
AA3 35.04 ±0.034 17.88±0.20 1.21±0.003
FA1 35.08 ±1.005 15.15±2.77 1.17±0.039
FA2 35.56 ±1.18 16.36±3.14 1.19±0.046
FA3 35.99 ±0.50 16.17±4.011 1.19±0.056
NA1 32.78 ±0.510 15.24±2.65 1.22±0.040
NA2 33.10 ±1.01 15.73±1.81 1.18±0.025
NA3 33.4 ±1.65 16.03±0.32 1.19±0.046
NAD1 32.78 ±0.510 15.24±2.65 1.22±0.040
NAD2 33.10 ±1.01 15.73±1.81 1.18±0.025
NAD3 33.4 ±1.65 16.03±0.32 1.19±0.046
NN1 32.15 ±1 11.33±2.80 1.22±0.043
NN2 33.43 ±0.62 9.79±4.31 1.11±0.053
NN3 33.86 ±1.63 12.13±3.89 1.13±0.049
NND1 32.15 ±1 11.33±2.80 1.22±0.043
NND2 33.43 ±0.62 9.79±4.31 1.11±0.053
NND3 33.86 ±1.63 12.13±3.89 1.13±0.049
12/16/2017 43
o Flow proprerties

44. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Solid state characterization( IR spectroscopy)
• IR- spectroscopy
44
Figure 3. Overlay IR of carbamazepine (A), Avicel(B), Aerosil (C), Fujicalin(D), Neusulin (E), PEG 200(F), Cospovidone (G),Formulation
AA2 (H), Formulation FA3 (I), Formulation NAD3 (J), Formulation NND2 (K)

45. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Solid state characterization( X-ray powder diffraction)
12/16/2017 45
Overlay XRD of carbamazepine (A), Formulation AA2 (B), Formulation FA3 (C), Formulation NAD3 (D),
Formulation NND2 (E)

46. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Solid state characterization(Differential Scanning calorimetry)
12/16/2017 46
Overlay DSC of carbamazepine (A), Formulation AA2 (B), Formulation FA3 (C), Formulation NAD3 (D),
Formulation NND2 (E)

47. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Physical parameters of tablets
12/16/2017 47
Formulation Code Thickness* (mm) Diameter* (mm) Hardness* (kg ) Weight Variation* (mg)
AA1 4.62±0.044 14.05±0.074 5.28±0.13 888.6±3.69
AA2 5.5±0.122 14.04±0.045 6.75±0.11 1031±2.88
AA3 5.12±0.044 14.03±0.065 4.79±0.22 993±2.53
FA1 4.84±0.054 10.16±0.054 3.18±0.078 565±7.22
FA2 4.06±0.054 12.22±0.044 3.27±0.079 688±1056
FA3 4.06±0.11 14.2±0.070 3.9±0.0164 920±17.30
NA1 4.14±0.054 10.2±0.070 4.59±0.08 383±2.88
NA2 4.84±0.054 10.22±0.044 4.9±0.78 458±2.55
NA3 4.78±0.1095 12.12±0.045 4.96±0.11 593±5.11
NAD1 4.84±0.054 10.22±0.044 3.48±0.062 422±1.53
NAD2 5.28±0.044 10.3±0 3.57±0.008 504±2.98
NAD3 4.58±0.044 12.3±0.0 3.66±0.031 655±2.013
NN1 3.86±0.54 10.24±0.054 4.15±0.131 388±2.4
NN2 4.66±0.089 10.26±0.054 4.35±0.13 463±3.7
NN3 4.18±0.083 12.26±0.54 4.23±0.081 599±1.22
NND1 4.34±0.054 10.3±0 3.22±0.062 414±1.63
NND2 5.24±0.054 10.3±0 3.71±0.023 492±7.06
NND3 4.54±0.054 12.26±0.054 3.40±0.04 641±2.27
*All values are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3)

48. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
12/16/2017 48
Formulation code Friability (%) Disintegration Time* (sec.) % Drug Content
AA1 0.26 93.6±2.50 95.51
AA2 0.19 105.4±1.81 97.3
AA3 0.25 228.2±4.61 98.5
FA1 0.98 19±1.26 96.58
FA2 0.96 22.83±1.16 108.1
FA3 0.85 27±2.09 109.11
NA1 0.54
Tablet is not disintegrated
98.68
NA2 0.44 95.98
NA3 0.21 98.65
NAD1 0.71 214.4±1.51 101.2
NAD2 0.69 216±0.70 103.6
NAD3 0.56 228.4±1.14 98.5
NN1 0.23
Tablet is not disintegrated
99.5
NN2 0.21 96.35
NN3 0.18 101.2
NND1 0.56 240±18.70 98.32
NND2 0.52 235.8±0.83 96.54
NND3 0.48 203±0.70 98.2
*All values are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3)

49. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Dissolution Studies
12/16/2017 49
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
AA1
AA2
AA3
Tegretol
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
FA1
FA2
FA3
Tegretol
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
NAD1
NAD2
NAD3
Tegre
tol 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80
NND1
NND2
NND3
Tegretol
Time (min)
%DrugRelease

50. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Dissolution Studies
12/16/2017 50
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
%DrugRelease
Time (min)
AA1
AA2
AA3
FA1
FA2
FA3
NAD1
NAD2
NAD3
NND1
NND2
NND3
Tegretol

51. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Dissolution Studies
12/16/2017 51
Batch AA2 FA2 FA3 NAD2 NAD3 NND2 NND3 Tegretol
Q5 (%)
65.13 67.90 78.98 30.46 48.63 51.92 45.1 51.40
Q15 (%)
80.25 88.09 99.92 87.40 99.32 97.61 84.80 71.10
DE (%) 86.37 90.16 94.32 85.97 90.72 85.99 90.03 73.32
MDT (min) 7.81 6.51 4.09 9.1 6.21 8.45 5.93 9.46

52. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• Statistical Analysis
• There was no significant difference (P< 0.05)
between the release profile of the marketed
tablet and liquisolid compacts
12/16/2017 52

53. CONCLUSION
• Result showed that liquisolid compact of high dose of drug
can be successfully formulated using the novel carriers with
high SSA like Neusilin and Fujicalin and using non volatile
solvent in which solubility of drug is higher (100mg/ml)
• Crosspovidone was effective disintegrant for Avicel and
Fujicalin containing compacts while in case of Neusilin
additional 10 % Fujicalin was required to disintegrate tablet
• Formulation FA2, FA3, NAD2, NAD3, NND2 and NND3 showed
improved dissolution than the marketed formulation of
carbamazepine. Formulation FA3 showed capability of high
dissolution than other formulations.
12/16/2017 53

54. REFERENCES
• Spireas S, Sadu S. Enhancement of prednisolone dissolution
properties using liquisolid compacts. Int J Pharm.
1998;166(2):177–88.
• Fahmy RH, Kassem MA. Enhancement of famotidine
dissolution rate through liquisolid tablets formulation: In vitro
and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm.
2008;69(3):993–1003.
• Spireas S, Wang T, Grover R. Effect of powder substrate on the
dissolution properties of methyclothiazide liquisolid
compacts. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1999;25(2):163–8.
12/16/2017 54

55. REFERENCES
• Nokhodchi A, Hentzschel CM, Leopold CS. Drug release from
liquisolid systems: speed it up, slow it down. Expert Opin Drug
Deliv. 2011;8(2):191–205.
• Burra S, Yamsani M, Vobalaboina V. The Liquisolid technique:
An overview. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2011;47(3):475–82.
• Martindale. The Complete Drug Reference. 32nd ed. London:
The Pharmaceutical Press; 1999. 1473 p.
12/16/2017 55

56. REFERENCES
• Mali KK, Dias RJ, Ghorpade VS, Havaldar VD. Sodium alginate
microspheres containing multicomponent inclusion complex
of domperidone. Lat Am J Pharm. 2010;29(7):1199–207.
• Y. Javadzadeh a, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad a, M. Barzegar-Jalali a AN.
Enhancement of dissolution rate of piroxicam using liquisolid
compacts. 2011;10(1):25–34.
• Tayel SA, Soliman II, Louis D. Improvement of dissolution
properties of Carbamazepine through application of the
liquisolid tablet technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm.
2008;69(1):342–7.
12/16/2017 56

57. Paper Presented
• Awarded Consolation Prize in Research Paper Competition
during one day national conference on Current Trends &
Career Opportunities in Pharmacy at Shahu kala
Mandir,Satara under lead college scheme of Shivaji University,
Kolhapur, 2016.
• Paper presented in AVISHKAR 2015-2016
a Research Project Competition Shivaji University, Kolhapur
12/16/2017 57

58. 12/16/2017 58

59. 12/16/2017 59