lectuer for UG students

1. Concept of disease
Vir Vikram
H.O.D (D.Pharmacy)
Associate Professor (Pharmacology)
I.S.F. College of Pharmacy
Moga (Punjab)
virvikram76@gmail.com

2. Disorder
• Any abnormality of structure and function

3. DISEASE
• Local – one part or limited region
• Systemic –entire body or several parts
SIGN
• Swelling or rash, fever , change in Blood Pressure
SYMPTOMS
• Headache ,nausea ,anxiety
• Disease is a disharmony between man and environment.

4. NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
• Disease were caused by germ. Disease occur due to multiple factor, i.e.
agent, host and environment. Is these factors known then disease can be
controlled.
• E.g;- Coronary heart disease occur due to intake of
• fat diet,
• smoking,
• lack of exercise
• TB occurs due to
• poverty,
• overcrowding,
• unhygienic food

5. A. CAUSATIVE AGENT
• It is the substance that present or absent that result cause in
disease. Such as
1. Biological agent
2. Nutrient agent
3. Physical agent
4. Chemical agent
5. Mechanical agent

6. 1. Biological agent
• Microbes that are the responsible to cause a disease to human
beings
• E.g.
• bacteria,
• fungi,
• protozoa,
• viruses etc)

7. 2. Nutrient agent
• Due to deficiency of nutrients that cause the disease . Even any
excess intake of nutrients in diet may result in disease.
• E.g.
• protein,
• fats,
• carbohydrates,
• vitamin,
• minerals
• water

8. 3.Physical agent
• Radiation cause the disease
• heat,
• cold,
• humidity,
• pressure,
• electricity,
• sound

9. 4. Chemical agent
Endogenous agent :
• they are produced in the body and their excess or deficiency cause
disease
• Eg . urea, bilirubin, uric acid, cholesterol, PG, insulin etc.
Exogenous agent
• Outside human body due to inhalation
• Eg . pollen, allergies, dust, gases, insecticide etc.
•

10. 5.Mechanical agents :
• In this class the accidental injuries are include
Due to heavy rain flood occur that effect the human being health

11. 6.Social agent :
• These include
• poverty,
• smoking,
• unhealthy life style,
• alcoholism.

12. B. HOST FACTORS
• Many of the host specific factors contribute to occurrence of
disease. These include
• Genetic factor
• Age
• Gender
• Socioeconomic factor
• Life style factors

13. Genetic factors
• In this factor the disease born from parents to their offspring's
• Eg. Allergic disorder,
• disease resulting due to lack of natural acquired immunity

14. Age
• Infants and old age peoples are more prone to climate as compared to adult
• Infant immunity is weak as compare to adult
• Old age people having multiple problems due to ageing

15. Gender
• Female are more sensitive as compare to male . Many types of
disease occur in female that effect the health of women
• Amenorrhoea in female,
• Menopause in female

16. Socioeconomic factor
Poverty leading to nutritional deficiency disease in slum due to pour
Sanitary condition

17. Life style factors
• Due to modernization the life style of people change that cause the
effect on health
• Eg.
• Alcoholism ,
• smoking leading to hypertension

18. C. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR:
• The environment both living or non living thing surrounding the
human being in daily routine life air, water, soil, climate , light,
noice, animal. These factor influence of disease. Many are
communicable disease that occurs in atmosphere .
• accidental hazards and metal disorder are the outcomes of the
interactions of environmental factor with man
• epidemiology

19. •
Agent
Environment Host

20. Prepathogenic phase:
• When host (man) is not involved but other two factors are involved
• i.e. environmental and causative agent.
• The interaction with environment and causative agent cause
disease to host.

21. Pathogenic phase:
• Host is involved in this phase and disease occur to host through sign
and symptoms that cause chronic illness. If it is not cure it can lead
to death of the patient (host)

22. Thanks you