1. 1. Nur Mafissamawati S. (201010100311307)
2. Niken Andrea S. (201010100311310)
3. Rizka Nur Rahmawati (201010100311313)
4. Lailatul Maghfiroh (201010100311314)
5. Kunthi Octavia (201010100311321)
2. Language variation is an important
part of sociolinguistics. Language
variation is formed not only caused by
the users who are not homogeneous,
but also caused by various social
interaction activities that people do.
4. Interference
Integration
Mixed Code or Code
5. 1. Welsh Language
Welsh is spoken by more than 50% of the
population in North-West, Central and
South-West Wales. Fewer than 20% speak
Welsh in the North-East and South-East,
though the numbers speaking Welsh are
highest here, because these areas have by
far the largest population.
6. Actif : Active
ffigur : Figure
Ffocws : Focus
Proffesiwn : Profession
Cic : Kick
Tancer : Tanker
Wadusay : What did you say?
Owwarruu : How are you?
Whereru fromthen : Where are you from?
Oh, wos occurring? : Yo, what's up?
7. Scottish is spoken by people who live in the
northern part of the island of Britain, more-
or-less defined as north of Hadrian’s Wall.
This dialect can be either very heavy or very
delicate.
8. The Scots use all the standard tricks described on
the dialect page, with just a few changes in
vocabulary:
Scots tend to say "nae" for "not." So, instead of
the word "cannot," the Scots would say "cannae."
Similarly, "do not" becomes "dinnae," and so
forth.
Instead of the word "understand" Scots use the
word "ken." This word is also occasionally used to
substitute for "know," as in "I dinnae ken where
the fellow be."
Where an Englishman might say "lad" or "lass," a
Scot will use the diminutive "laddie" or "lassie." A
Scot might use these terms for adults, as well.
Scots will also use "ye" instead of "you."
Scots will use the word "wee" for "little" or
"small."
9. Abune : Above
Afore : Before
Licht : Light
Messages : Shopping, usually groceries
Mind : Remember
Gaun : Going
Learn : Teach
Ither : Other
Efter : After
Twa : Two
Lang : Long
Guid : Good
Cratur : Creature
10. Hame : Home
Dee : Die
Stay : Live
Nae : Not
Dinnae : Do not
Lad : Last
Laddie/ lassie : Lady
Ye : You
Wee : Little or small
I dinnae ken : I do not know/ understand
I cannae : I can not
Are you thinking o' flitting? : Are you thinking
of moving house?
I'll see you up the road : I`ll see you back at
home
11. Irish is a Celtic language spoken in mainly
Ireland (Éire). The Irish language, along with
Welsh and Breton, is one of the oldest
languages in Europe, dating back in writing to
the time when Latin was primarily written and
spoken. The progression of the Irish language
through history began in Central Europe in
the 5th century B.C. when a tribe called the
Celts came into Europe.
12. Gairdín : Garden
Leabharlann : Library
Sacar : Soccer
Mathair : Mother
Uncail : Uncle
Conas atá tú? : How are you?
Tá mé go maith : I`m good
Cad is ainm duit? :What`s your name?
Cá bhfuil tú? : Where are you
Tá mé anseo, i mBaile Átha Cliath : I`m here in
Dublin
13. 1. Welsh Language
You will hear people saying that it is a very
sing-song sort of sounding accent because the
Welsh sounds tend to stretch out and stressed,
and there is a huge glide from hi-pitch to low-
pitch.
Eg: John, what are you doing?
- huge glide on John.
- ŋ is omitted.
Drop the yea sound, the y sound :calling yard,
and drop that sound from words like news or
tune and even sometimes from use.
Eg: Conjoun used the new one,.
Tapped R sound.
It is bright outside today. Can you bring me the
orange crayon please?.
14. "R" sound, most Scots speakers, they
don't actually use "rrrr“ / big long R.
roll the R just one roll, called a tapped R.
Notice that it's tapped, so it's not "birrrd"
You get an L after the letter R, you'll have
an extra syllable on the word.
Eg: The loveliest "girl" in the "world".
V. commercial with the tag line.
Eg: Good with food".
"oo" and "u" vowels are the same.Eg: .
pool and pull are the same. Pull.
rather of saying not, in Scots speak I
might say "Nae"
15. "i" sound in like or height, or even at the
beginning of the word Irish becomes like an "oi",
almost like the "oi" in oil.
Eg: oirish and oireland
It is not quite "oi", it is slightly less than that, it is
"oii".
Eg: I will be fine with all this oil
the "th" is usually removed from Irish speakers,
so we get more d's and t's instead.
Eg: What do you think of this?
"r" is always pronounced. Eg: paark
“L" sound are all at the front.
Eg: a little bubble at the front of your mouth
ou" sound in mouth. It becomes "ouw“.
Eg. how now brown cow, brown cow
