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Women and depression and culture
- 1. Connie Marsh MD University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita
- 2. Importance of topic By 2020, depression will be the second greatest cause of disability world wide
- 3. In any given year, what percentage of individuals will have depression? a. 2% b. 5% c. 10%
- 4. True or False Women and men have the same rates of depression.
- 5. What percentage of women, over a life time, will have depression? a. 7% b. 13% c. 21%
- 7. Importance ◦ impact
- 8. Impact ◦ Isolation ◦ Work problems ◦ Family problems ◦ Worsening medical problems ◦ Suicide attempt and completion 15%
- 9. Importance ◦ Impact on illness Greater disability and impairment Diabetes Lung disease High blood pressure Back problems Heart disease
- 10. For most women, depression usually first occurs a. Age 15-24 b. Age 25-44 c. Age 45-55
- 11. Neglected ◦ 60% detection by primary care doctor ◦ Less than 2/3 of people with depression seek treatment Inadequate treatment is common
- 13. What does depression look like?
- 14. Mood Sleep Appetite Energy Interests Guilt Concentration Slowed down Thoughts of suicide
- 15. Women more likely ◦ Seasonal component ◦ Excess eating ◦ Excess sleeping
- 17. What does depression look like?
- 18. Perception of mental illness Stigma Willingness to accept treatment Compliance to treatment Role expectations Immigration
- 19. Rates of depression across races/ethnic groups ◦ Globally ◦ Within US culture 900 young women 21% of whites 28% of African Americans 29% of Hispanics
- 21. Male/female disparity
- 22. Social ◦ Introspection encouraged in girls Socioeconomic ◦ Single parent ◦ Social isolation Psychological ◦ Increased rates of sexual/physical abuse in females
- 23. Male/female disparity ◦ ENDOCRINE/neurotransmittors ESTROGEN
- 25. Puberty Premenstrual Pregnancy/lactation Postpartum Perimenopause
- 30. What are risk factors for depression?
- 31. For males and females ◦ Family history ◦ Personal history ◦ Serious medical illness ◦ Decreased social support ◦ Serious life stress ◦ Substance abuse, including alcohol, MJ, cigarettes
- 32. For females ◦ Loss of parent before age 10 ◦ Childhood sexual/physical abuse ◦ History of depression after pregnancy ◦ Single parent ◦ Unhappy/abusive marriage ◦ Presence of young children in home
- 33. Psychotherapy Antidepressant medication Life style changes ◦ Exercise ◦ Nutrition ◦ Socialization
- 35. If risk factors ◦ Recognize susceptibility ◦ Don’t ignore symptoms, including irritability ◦ Get therapy Stay healthy ◦ Exercise ◦ Avoid substances—drugs, alcohol, MJ, smoking
- 36. Get help early ◦ More treatable ◦ Less impact on job/family/relationships Vicious cycle ◦ Recognize stressful times as susceptible times Increase social support network ◦ ASK for help ◦ If young children in home, especially important