Tuscan regional policies for short food supply chains
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This document summarizes a presentation on regional policies for short food supply chains in Tuscany, Italy. It discusses how Tuscany has a high percentage of farms involved in direct sales. The region has implemented several policies and projects to support short food supply chains, including farmers' markets, direct sales, solidarity purchase groups, and a regional project called SFSC. This project provides subsidies for initiatives that promote local products and connections between producers and consumers. Initiatives supported include farmers' markets, direct sales shops, logistics support, and special events. The policies aim to recognize farmers, promote local foods, increase food tourism, and favor relationships along the supply chain.
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Tuscan regional policies for short food supply chains
- 1. International conference on the Local & Regional Food System Planning Tuscan regional policies for short food supply chains Asan City, South Korea September 7th, 2012 Vanessa Malandrin, Research Fellow University of Pisa
- 3. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Tuscan areas for National Development Plan Yellow: urban areas Green: intensive and specialized agriculture Red: intermediate rural areas in transition Orange: intermediate rural areas in decline del Piano Strategico Nazionale
- 4. Direct Sell (1) 17% of tuscan farms are involved in it Agricultural products, animal products, on farm processed foods (jam, juice, cheese ) Dlgs n.228/01 (Art.4), Orientation Law DS can be done on farm, but also collectively; itinerantly, of in a fixed place Often associated with agroturistic activities and in general with rural development
- 5. Direct Sell (2) It’s allowed to sell also other farmers’ products, but own ones must be prevalent; The previous law (n.59/63) remains valid for farmers not signed in the “Register of Enterprises” To present at local municipality the “Declaration of starting activity” To respect all sanitary norms
- 6. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Regional % of farms doing direct sell Tuscany region is leader in Italy about 17% of its farms are doing DS Source: National observatory on DS I numeri Torino, 7 ottobre 2009 Fonte: Agri 2000, Coldiretti - Osservatorio internazionale sulla vendita diretta A z ie n d e c o n v e n d it a d ir e t t a p e r r e g io n e ( % ) 0 , 0 2 , 0 4 , 0 6 , 0 8 , 0 1 0 , 0 1 2 , 0 1 4 , 0 1 6 , 0 1 8 , 0 T o s c a n aL o m b a rd iaP ie m o n te S ic ilia A b ru z z o V e n e to E m ilia R o m a g n a L ig u ria L a z io T re n tin o A . A . M a rc h eC a m p a n ia P u g lia U m b riaB a s ilic a taF riu li V . G .S a rd e g n a M o lis e C a lab ria V a lle d 'A o sta
- 7. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Number of farms with direct sell at national level In 5 years 44% increase in the number of farms doing direct sell (2004-08). Source: Agri 2000, Coldiretti – National observatory on DS 3 5 .0 0 0 4 5 .0 0 0 5 5 .0 0 0 6 5 .0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 Torino, 7 ot Tren cres in It + 4 in 5 (azie Fonte: Agri 2000, Coldiretti - Osservatorio internazionale sulla vendita diretta Numero di aziende agricole che pratica la vendita diretta
- 8. The “Short Food Supply Chain” regional project The project is called “SFSC - Regional network for the valorization of agricultural products of Tuscany” It has been approved by the regional government with DGR n. 335 in 2007
- 9. Aims of the project (1) • To recognize farmers an equal value for their productions; • To foster the knowledge of certified tuscan products and their characteristics; • To foster the consumption of local products in their own area; • To reduce the environmental impact of transports and to increase the consumption of seasonal products;
- 10. Aims of the project (2) To keep alive the production of local foods, especially in marginal territories as potential touristic attraction To increase the food turism in rural areas To favour commercial agreements along the food supply chain
- 11. Economical aspects With this project the Region gave subsidies to allow the start-up of the initiatives promoted by local institutions The subsidies cover 80% of the total start- up costs, without obligation to recompensate the money
- 12. Initiatives financed by DGR 335 (1) In the first stage, the project financed the following initiatives: Farmers’ markets Direct sell shops FSC agreements Art&Food events
- 13. Initiatives financed by DGR 335 (2) In the second stage (2009 / 2010), other two categories of initiatives were added: Logistic: hosting farmers from other regions, which bring to the markets products not available in Tuscany Special Projects: pilot projects with peculiar aspects of innovation and experimentation in promotion and communication
- 14. Direct Sell sites Direct sell can be done in several ways: In open spaces, itinerant or fixed Indoors, on farm or in the village/city On request: on farm or with home delivery Alone or collectively, sharing spaces with other farmers
- 15. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla
- 17. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla VOLTERRA , Tuscany Emporio del Gusto Example of a collective space for direct sell
- 18. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla VOLTERRA , Tuscany Emporio del Gusto Dairy products from different farms are exposed in the same refrigerator; the name of producers is written in front
- 19. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Market of Montevarchi, Tuscany Indoor collective market, open every day
- 20. Farmers’ markets (1) Orientation Law Dlgs n.228/01 introduced also the possibility of collective selling Reg. CE 852/2004 - hygiene of food products Reg. CE 853/04 - specific norms for the hygiene of animal products “The main responsibility for food safety is attributed to the operator of the food sector” (Art.1 Reg. CE 852/2004)
- 21. Farmers’ markets (2) Guided food tasting Presentation of local products with PGI, PDO, DCO, Slow Food Presidia labels Expositions about local food culture Presentation of local high quality restaurants Activities for market’s visitors
- 22. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Market of Montevarchi Tuscany n° 60 stands 3x3 m 20 big umbrellas 10 fridges 20 plexiglass exposers 65 tables 2x1 m lighting system + electricity provision
- 23. Who else is involved? Coldiretti (national farmers’ Union) Slow Food: only for local producers, within the maximum distance of 40 Km from the marketplace Farmers’ associations (Aiab, Biodinamics, …)
- 24. The case of raw milk direct sell Regg. (CE) 852/04 and 853/04 State/Regions agreement of 2007 Regional Decree DGR n.381/2007 Better quality and less expensive for consumers Environmental benefits Economic advantages for the farmers www.milkmaps.com
- 25. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Automatic dispenser of milk in Tuscany Raw milk is sold for 1 euro/liter and is possible to buy plastic or glass bottles from the dispenser.
- 26. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Automatic dispenser in Ljubljana, Slovenia Milk, cheese, yoghurt, bread, typical products
- 27. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Direct sell of milk in
- 28. Solidarity-based purchase groups Since the approval of the Financiary Law in 2008 they are defined as: “No profit associations created in order to buy and distribute goods to their adherents without surplus, with goals of ethics, social solidarity and environmental sustainability” Thanks to this institutional recognition, they can perform their activities respecting the fiscal norms, being equalled to non commercial subjects (no profit)
- 29. Solidarity-based purchase groups (2) Products quality, sustainability, solidarity, relationship consumer – producer; Farm visits, lunches, debates, collective learning Saving money vs alliance with producers (prices issue) Independent from institutions vs political support GAS National Network
- 31. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Corazzano Farm (1) Tuscany Women are preparing the boxes which will be be delivered to GAS members
- 32. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Corazzano Farm (1) Shelf with products from different producers: pasta, juices, oil, wine, jams
- 33. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Solidarity purchasing groups: Instruments of sobriety and good use of one’s own Examples of Logo and slogan of GAS groups
- 34. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla GAS and Districts of Solidary Economy Territories in movement
- 35. Branches • Quality consumption with short food supply chain • Fair economy • Ethical values • Organic farming • Green economy • Sustainable lifestyles Roots • Local Public Administration • Citizens and associations of the territory • GAS Ground level • To build the future together • Protect the future
- 36. Conclusions To project and design carefully the initiatives according to the target of consumers (place, timetable, mechanisms to attract people, communication aspects) To develop innovative and light forms of logistic support to make easier the management of orders and deliveries, also to optimize the transports There is an emerging need for coordination, control and guarantee, which we cannot leave to spontaneous solutions
- 37. Thank you!!
- 38. International conference on the Local & Regional Food System Planning The Pisa Food Plan Asan-city September 7th, 2012 Professor Gianluca Brunori Vanessa Malandrin, Junior researcher Pisa University
- 39. Background Tuscany focus on local / locality food and rural development Intense activity of support of short food chains Municipalities involvement Lively consumers’ groups Academic attention beyond specialists A forward looking politician Interest of the Regional development
- 40. Fate clic per modificare il formato del testo della struttura Secondo livello struttura − Terzo livello struttura Quarto livello struttura Initiatives in Pisa Fruit in the school Major’s water Foodmile campaigns School food Farmers’ markets GAS Urban gardening Guerrilla gardening Biodiversity festivals Seed savers School procurement Labelling footprint Sustainable fairs Sustainable Shoppers Zero Km restaurants Snack dispensers Footprint calculator Last minute market Boycott KitKat Workshops on sustainable food
- 41. The need for integration Food Health SocietyEnvironmentEconomy
- 42. How to open a new field of policy in times of economic crisis and budget cuts?
- 43. The city as a socio-technical system actorsartifactsrules
- 44. Consumers as drivers of change Perform freedom of choice in a radical way; Participate to food movements aimed at changing rules of the food system; Co-produce new systems of food provision; Reconfiguring the way food is embodied into socio-technical practices.
- 45. Food planning Collecting information Setting goals Circulating information Coordinating efforts Mobilising resources
- 46. Encounters Ad hoc meetings − Network of academics − Network of civil society − Network of health operators − Network of local administrators − Network of food enterprises School food commissions Pianodelcibo web 2.0
- 47. Untapped resources Academics Students Voluntary work Web activists Parents
- 48. What have we learned?
- 50. Pianodelcibo web 2.0 Sharing resources (photo, video, events, bibliography) Documenting activity Activating forums Keeping networks alive
- 51. Trascinare l'immagine su un segnaposto o fare clic sull'icona per aggiungerla Pianodelcibo web 2.0 - The website http://pianodelcibo.ning.com/
- 52. Reflections Food planning as social innovation / social learning The relevance of distributed knowledge / the role of brokering Market alone won’t work / The role of social capital The role of web democracy
Editor's Notes
- The decree gives only the orientation for action: then is regional competence to elaborate specific norms in this direction. The decree n.228/01 was rielaborated by the italian ministry of agricutlure to include in the normative level the concept of farms’ multifunctionality. The article 1 was defining the activities that a farmer can exert on his farm; now Art. 4 allows farmers (which must be signed in the “Register of enterprises”) to sell directly their products and also others, + e-commerce, in contrast with the ordinary general regulations on commerce. There is a strong relationship with policies of rural development and so with the Rural development regional Plan; many initiatives to increasse the added value of agricultural products are founded by the rural development plan. Farms are considered important providers of services, not only products. Infact with this decree farms can also provide services of environmental care, for instance water and land management to avoid fires and landslides
- which means > or = 50,1% . They can be prevalent in value or volume. If the farm is selling the others products more than its own, this part of the business will be subject to the conventional norms of commerce (taxes+real shop + toilet services+ ….). farmers not signed in the “Register of Enterprises” , they can sell only their own products
- Wine is the product which is sold more frequently
- DGR Regional Decree 335 is not directly involving the farms, but the local municipalities and PA which are the promoters of the DS initiatives.
- To increase the tourism also in rural Markets,and the direct sell in rura areas Indirectly you can foster also the initiatives of the other sectors working in the area
- The costs covered are : forniture of the shop, advertisement, marketing, management expenses (workers, electricity) While the 335/07 DGR is addressed to local municipalities and PA which are the promoters of the DS initiatives, private Farms can ask for founding to start DS initiatives applying for the RDP measures which are covering the 50% maximun of the initial costs (for instance building up the shop and the necessary equipment)
- In the last years, thanks to regional subsidies many farms realized selling points, or collective spaces, like Mercatale. The result has been the high valorization of regional products. Home delivery of the products is more complex in case of highly perishable food, like fresh cheese and meat. In this case you need a special delivery van, with refrigerator and separate spaces for the different products. Often the farmers producing these foods prefer to open a shop on farm, where people come and buy.
- An example of direct sell of meat on farm, and the intraction between the producer and the consumer, a very important element
- F corta, wine from the barrique and pasta and cereals without packaging
- You can see the dispensers for cereals, to decrease the use of packaging when buying products
- Strong and structured institutional support
- Farmer’s markets are managed directly by farmers. There can be from less than 10 producers involved, or more than 50
- Local food culture: landraces fruits, traditional vinegrapes, old seed varieties, mushrooms, ….
- This kind of market is called in italian MERCATALE and is different because at the origin of the activation of the project there is a strong and structured partnership between public and private actors. Infact in the management board of the market is always present the public insitution. All the facilities described have been bought with public subsidies, with foundings from DGR 335/07 Because of the strong initial public support, the progressive capacity of self organization and self management by the private actors is considered to be an objective of the project, instead pf a starting point, as it normally happens with smaller farmers’ markets
- Some of these markets are born from the collaboration between local institutions and/or private actors Campagna Amica di Coldiretti comprehends farmers’ market, farms, and shops “friendly countryside” . Producers must come together forming an association to perform direct sell; the association will manage the market and control that the farmers who want to participate have the necessary requirements. Prices are formed calculating 30% less with comparison to the average prices on the market. Slow Food markets are reserved to local producers
- This is a peculiar form of direct sell, which started with automatic dispensers in North Italy and then spread in Tuscany. Raw milk is defined as the one milked from the animals without any other treatment, except from filtration and refrigeration at 4°C (39° fahrenheit.). The dispenser is filled every day by either only one farm, ore more; Their name is clearly written on the dispenser (also good advertisement).A farms of mountain area in north Tuscany is selling their milk only through this channel + ice cream producer: quality instead of quantity. Conflict about the necessity to write: “drink only after boiling”. The milk is very much controlled and absolutely safe.
- First born in 1994, in Tuscany from 2000/01, now there are bout 100 groups. Have the characteristics of a social movement. They still maintain informal structure and independent management; heterogeneous composition, voluntary base; . These groups in Italian are called GAS, solidarity purchasing groups. They can be also called purchasing groups of consumers. Similar groups are the AMAP in France, TEIKEI in Japan, Box schemes in USA; they express the same needs, but of course there are different forms of organization and degrees of involvement of ethical aspects.
- Not all of them have a strong ethical base, many people joined them only to save money, but this was not the initial goal.
- Clear example of multifunctionality: organic farm, Solidarity purchasing groups, direct sell on farm, school visits, social farming,
- Pasta produced with old varieties of wheat; the farm is also experimenting participatory plant breeding within a European project aimed to enhancing resilience in agriculture
- Since 2007 Tuscan Region invested 5 billion euros in direct sell Unfortunately we don’t have data about the success of all the initiatives, because ARSIA has been closed
- Integration of knowledge fields, civil society activity, policy
- (1) as their change does not regard one or a few items, but the whole shopping environment
- Nutritionists used to put zucchini into winter menu Farmers cannot cultivate zucchini in winter Caterers don’t find local products in sufficient quantities Cooks don’t know how to use seasonal vegetables Children don’t like new things Parents’ preoccupation is that their children eat Administrators are concerned with costs