agriculture development and modern practices

1. ROLE OF AGRICULTURE
IN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
Prof.Gadhave V V
Arts & Commerce college Madha
B A III

2. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
 Vedic literature provides some of the earliest written record of
agriculture in India.
 Rigveda describes plowing, fallowing, irrigation, fruit and
vegetable cultivation.
 Bhumivargaha classifies agricultural land into 12 categories:
urvara (fertile), ushara (barren), maru (desert), aprahata (fallow),
shadvala (grassy), pankikala (muddy), jalaprayah (watery),
kachchaha (contiguous to water), sharkara (full of pebbles and
pieces of limestone), sharkaravati (sandy), nadimatruka (watered
from a river), and devamatruka (rainfed).
 Plantation of trees, and crops ( Barley, Wheat)
 Cotton was cultivated by the 5th millennium BCE-4th millennium
BCE.

3.  A variety of tropical fruit such as mango and muskmelon are
native to the Indian subcontinent.
 Cultivation of rice started in the Belan and Ganges valley.(4530
BCE and 5440 BCE).
 Wild cereals, rice grew in Vindhyan hills.
 sesame, linseed, safflower, mustards, castor, mung bean, black
gram, horse gram, pigeonpea, field pea, grass pea (khesari),
fenugreek, cotton, jujube, grapes, dates, jackfruit, mango,
mulberry, and black plum had been grown 3000 to 6000 years ago.
 2500 years ago, Indian farmers had discovered and begun farming
many spices and sugarcane.

4. SEASONS/CROP PATTERN
 The kharif ( July to October)
 Crops include rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger
millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses), soyabean, groundnut
(oilseeds), cotton etc.
 The Rabi (October to March)
 Crops include wheat, barley, oats (cereals), chickpea/gram
(pulses), linseed, mustard (oilseeds) etc.
 The Zaid (March to June)
 Crops include fruits(Cucumber, Bitter Gourd, Pumpkin,
Watermelon, Muskmelon), vegetables.

5. TYPES OF SOILS IN INDIA
 Alluvial soil
 Indo-Ganga and Brahamputra plain i.e. the whole northern
plain and in some parts of river basin in south and some
plateau region.
 Deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Cauvery and Krishna.
 Regular or Black soil
 The Lava Plateaus of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.
 Red soil
 Mainly in almost whole of Tamil Nadu, South-eastern
Karnataka, North-eastern and South-eastern Madhya Pradesh,
Jharkhand the major parts of Orissa, and the Hills and Plateaus
of North-east India.

6.  Late rite soil
 Found in South Maharashtra, the Western Ghats in Kerala and
Karnataka, at places in Odisha, small parts of Chottanagpur
and in some parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and in
western West Bengal (particularly in Birbhum district).
 Desert Soil
 Found in Rajasthan, Haryana and the South Punjab, and are
sandy.
 Mountain soil
 Found in higher altitude on mountain is called as Mountain
soil.

7. TYPES OF FARMING IN INDIA
 Ley farming
 Plantation farming
 Subsistence farming
 Industrial farming
 Poultry farming
 Dairy farming
 Organic farming
 Floriculture
 Horticulture

8. MAIN CROPS IN INDIA
 Rice -India is second largest producer in the world.
 Wheat- India is second largest producer in the world.
 Cotton - India is third largest producer in the world.
 Jute -Highest producer in the world.(Bangladesh is highest
exporter.
 Sugarcane -world’s second largest producer.
 Tea- second largest producer and highest consumption in world.
 Coffee -India ranks sixth in production of coffee.
 Spices - India ranks first in ginger, turmeric, chili paper, cumin.

9. OTHER CROPS
 Banana.
 Groundnut.
 Cashew.
 Garlic.
 Sunflower seeds.
 Mangoes.
 Guava.
 Peas.
 Potatoes.
 Onion.
 Cabbage.

10. POPULATION INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURE
 World’s 1.4 billion population involved in agriculture.
 India’s 600 million population involved directly or indirectly in
agriculture.
 As per Registrar General of India & Census report 2011 the total
farmers or cultivators population of India is 118.7 million (2011)
& 144.3 million agricultural workers/ labourers which consists
31.55 of total rural population.
 Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, Andhra
Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Gujarat these states most of
population is involved in agriculture.

11. CLASSIFICATION OF FARMERS BY LAND
HOLDING
19%
7%
60%
14%
Medium Farmer Large Farmer Small farmer Landless Farmer
Source : CSDS

12. AGRICULTURE CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

13. MODERN FARMING TECHNIQUES
 Drip irrigation
 Sprinkler irrigation

14.  Automation in fertigation
 Shed net

15.  Poly houses
 Automation in Harvesting

16. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
An integrated system of plant and animal production practices
having a site-specific application that will last over the long term.
 Satisfy human foods.
 Fiber rich production.
 Increase in environmental quality.
 Utilization of natural resources.
 Make the most use of non-renewable resources.
 Integration of on farm resources.
 Economic viability of farm operations.
 Enhancing the quality of life for farmers and society.
 Conservation of water, soil energy and other sources.

17. IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON
AGRICULTURE GROWTH
 Modern technologies adoption in the farming.
 New equipments application in farming.
 New advanced machinery of automation in fertigation
 Quality pesticides, fungicides and insecticides availability.
 Access of new variety seeds availability.
 Better storage facilities improved.
 Processing of perishable crop production.
 Development of cold storage facilities.
 Improvement in the infrastructure facilities.
 Increase in the export of agriculture commodities.
 Contract farming.

18. PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURE OF INDIA
 Lack of irrigation facilities.
 Small size of landholding.
 Lack of pure seeds.
 Lack of infrastructure facilities.
 Improper farming techniques.
 Difficulties in adoption of new technologies.
 Burden of population on agriculture.
 Shortages of basic needs of farming( seeds, pesticides, fertilizers)
 Natural calamities.( Heavy rain, floods, drought, earthquakes).

19.  Lack of implementation agriculture schemes.
 Problems in financial services.
 Lack of processing units and storage facilities.
 Involvement of the landlords and lenders in the villages.
 Lower productivity of the farming.
 Lack of capital for inventions.
 Uncertainty of the production in future.
 Traditional practices of the farming.
 Lack of markets for crop production.
 Lack of awareness of new practices.

20. Thank you..