ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. Common causes include brain anatomy/function, genetics, head injuries, premature birth, and prenatal exposure to drugs/toxins. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in multiple contexts and determining if they interfere with functioning. Assessment tools for ADHD include rating scales like the Conners Rating Scale and intelligence tests like the Slosson Intelligence Test and the Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM).

2. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that
causes disruptive and hyperactive behavior, a
chronic condition marked by persistent:
 inattention
 hyperactivity
 and sometimes impulsivity

3.  ADHD begins in childhood and often lasts
into adulthood.
 Many children shows signs of ADHD before
age 7, but some remain undiagnosed until
adulthood.

4. Up till now research has shown ADHD may be
caused due to following:
 Brain anatomy and function
 Heredity
 Significant head injuries
 Premature birth
 Prenatal exposure to drugs or toxics

6. A. Persistent pattern of inattention and/or
hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with
functioning or development, as characterized
by (1) and/or (2):
1. Inattention: six (or more) symptoms, for at
least 6 months
 Fails to give close attention
 Difficulty sustaining attention

7.  Does not seem to listen when spoken
directly
 Does not follow the instructions and fails to
finish work
 Difficulty organizing tasks
 Avoids tasks that require sustained mental
efforts
 Loses things necessary for tasks
 Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
 Forgetful in daily activities

8. 2. Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: six (or more)
symptoms persistent for at least six months
 fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms
in seat
 leaves seat in situations when remaining
seated is expected
 runs about or climbs in situations where it is
inappropriate
 unable to play or engage in leisure activities
quietly

9.  Is often “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a
motor”
 talks excessively
 blurts out an answer before a question has
been completed
 difficulty waiting his or her turn
 interrupts or intrudes on others
B. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive
symptoms were present prior to age 12 years.

10. C. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive
symptoms are present in two or more settings
D. There is clear evidence that the symptoms
interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social,
academic, or occupational functioning
E. The symptoms do not better explained by
other mental disorders

11.  Population surveys suggest that ADHD
occurs in most cultures in about 5% of
children and about 2.5% of adults.
 ADHD is more frequent in males than in
females in the general population, with a
ratio of approximately 2:1 in children and
1.6:1 in adults.

12. Two types of assessment
1. Informal assessment
 Clinical interview
 Clinical observation
 Subjective rating of symptoms

13. 2. Formal assessment
 Conners Rating Scale
 Slosson Intelligence Test
 CPM (colored progressive matrices)

14.  The Conners Rating Scale is used to better understand
certain behavioral, social, and academic issues in
children between 6 and 18 years old.
 It is often used to help diagnose attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD.
 There are 3 different forms of conners CBRS:
1. For parents
2. For teachers
3. For child
 It is consisted of 25 questions
 Long version take up 90 min. while short version can be
done in 5 min.

15.  A T-score of more than 60 can indicate that
the child may have an issue such as ADHD.
 A T-score greater than 60 but under 70 may
indicate moderately severe issues.
 A T-score above 70 may be a sign that the
behavioral, academic, or emotional problems
are severe.

16.  Age Range: 4-65 years
 Time: 10-20 minutes
 It is widely used in schools, institutions,
hospitals to assess gifted and talented, as
well as abilities of the intellectually
disabled.
 It consists 121 items

17. The SIT-4 assesses six Verbal Cognitive Domains:
1. General Information (GI)
Cultural knowledge, which is not explicitly taught
2. Comprehension (CO)
Social behavior “common sense”, and the ability to interpret sayings and
proverbs
3. Quantitative (QN)
Ability to do mental calculations, remember essential numbers, and
determine the arithmetic process required to calculate the correct answer
4. Similarities and Differences (SD)
Determining common attributes of two dissimilar things, or concepts, and
some uncommon attributes
5. Vocabulary (VO)
Vocabulary skills based on the ability to use, understand and define words
orally
6. Auditory Memory (AM)
Capability to remember, and repeat correctly, a random series of digits,
both forward and backward, as well as several sentences

18.  The CPM is made up of diagrammatic puzzles
that are designed to assess, with greater
precision, the intellectual processes of young
children. It can be used satisfactorily with
people who come from different cultural
backgrounds, speak different languages or who
have language difficulties.

19.  The CPM consist of 36 items divided into
three Series (A, Ab, B), each made up of 12
items.
 For children aged 4-10
 It takes 15 minutes to complete this test