Vigilante: State of development in Moldova and in the world

1. The state of human development in
the world and in Moldova
Antonio Vigilante

2. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
1. Norway 0.953
2. Switzerland 0,944
3. Australia 0, 959
187. South Sudan 0,388;
188. Central African Rep 0,367;
189. Niger 0,354
112. MOLDOVA (high HD) 0,700 Europe and central Asia 0,771
better than 19 countries with higher GNI per capita
52. Romania - 68. Albania - 77. Bosnia and Herzegovina - 83. Armenia -
88. Ukraine - 105. Uzbekistan - 108 Turkmenistan

3. MOLDOVA
Life expectancy : 71,7 (Albania 78,5) ECA 73,4
Expected years of schooling: 11,6 (Ukraine 15) ECA 13,3
Mean years of schooling: 11,6 (Albania 10) ECA 7,9
GNI p/c ppp : $5,504 (Uzbekistan 6,470; Albania 11,886 ECA 13,688)
(Norway 67K; Italy 35K)
G A P S between countries
31,9 years 17,5 years 12,6 years

4. HDI TRENDS
CHANGE IN RANK 2012-19 Ireland +13 Turkey, Dominican Rep., Botswana +8
Syria -27 Lybia -26 Yemen -20 Venezuela -16
MOLDOVA -3 (Bosnia and Herz. +7)
HDI AVERAGE ANNUAL PROGRESS 1980-2017
MOLDOVA 0,27
Mozambique 2,77 Mali 2,30 Niger 1,95 Cambodia 1,79 China 1,51
Lesotho, Lybia, Tajikistan 0,15
HD gap between countries decreasing: OECD 0,49 - Developing countries 1,04 –LDCs 1,55
No country retroceded

5. HDI trends
MOLDOVA HDI average annual progress 0,27
(Albania 0,73; Ukraine 0,23; Romania 0,54; Armenia 0.57;ECA 0,62)
passed by 23 countries.
In 1990 Moldova, Armenia and Albania had similar HDI

6. HDI INEQUALITY
Coefficient of human inequality
Japan 3,3 Comores 44
MOLDOVA 10,3 (ECA 11,6; S.S.A. 30.7)
Inequality in MOLDOVA contained, especially in
income distribution, in line with ECA group
Inequality varies by geographic group:
Sub-Saharian Africa highest in life expectancy
South Asia highest in education
Lat. America and Carib. highest in income distrib.
OECD and ECA lowest

7. GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender Inequality index: 1. Switzerland 2. Denmark 3. Netherlands
158. Chad 159. Papua New Guinea 160. Yemen
MOLDOVA 48/160 (Romania 31 – Albania 52 - Ukraine 61)
In the GDI, 20 countries (including Moldova) have a higher HDI for female than
male, but only one has a higher female income p/c: Burundi
If female HDI in Moldova had not been higher, the country would have fallen in
the medium HD category
Largest overall gap in South Asia and Arab States
Maternal mortality : Iceland, Finland, Greece 3/100000 - Sierra Leone 1,366
Parliamentary seats w: Rwanda 57% - Papua NG 0%
Secondary Education only LAC parity 59/59%

8. Health and Education outcomes
MOLDOVA health indicators in line with Europe and central Asia, except very high male
mortality rate (similar to Least Developed Countries) and Health expenditures (double
than ECA).
MOLDOVA education indicators in line with ECA. Excellent literacy rates and pre-primary
enrollment, government expenditures above average, low tertiary enrollment rate
Gaps in:
Infant mortality Iceland 1,5/000 - C.A.R. 88,5
Literacy rate Ukraine 100% - Niger 15,5
Some secondary education Iceland 100% - Niger 6,6 (Moldova 96)
Primary enrollment lowest Eritrea 54%
Tertiary enrollment Greece 117%; Turkey 95% - Eritrea 2% (Moldova 41)

9. WORK AND EMPLOYMENT
MOLDOVA
very low employment/population 40,46% and
labor force participation 42,5% (similar to average Arab States)
Labor force: Madagascar 86% - Samoa 31,5% - Jordan 39,1% Albania
56% Armenia 60,1% Ukraine 54,1 – Uzbekistan 65% - ECA 57%
High employment in agriculture 33,9% (ECA 21%)
Low and below ECA average unemployment rate 4,5%
and youth unemployment 12,8%
27,8% youth not employed nor in school
ECA 21,5% - Romania 17% - Armenia 36% - Albania 32%-Ukraine 18%
Uzbekistan 14% - FyRoM 24,3%
South Asia: low unemployment (4%) many working poor (42%)
S.S. Africa: unemployment 7% - Working poor 62%

10. MOLDOVA
High male suicide rate 22,3/00000
ECA 18,8 - S.S.A 20,4 – East Asia 8 Sri Lanka 58 Greece 1,2
Low homicide rate 3,2/00000
Japan 0,3 - El Salvador 82,2
ECA 4,2 East Asia 1,4 Latina Am. 23,1 OECD 4,1 Developing countries 5,7
* * *
Highest number of refugees by origin: Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Myanmar (2017)
In most countries, women justify “wife beating” more than men
Some human security observations

11. HUMAN MOBILITY
MOLDOVA
Migrant remittances: 20,17% GDP
(Kyrgyzstan 32%; Romania 2%, Albania 10% Haiti 29%)
Internet access: 71%
(Norway 97%; ECA 56%; Romania 59%; Eritrea 1,2%; ECA 56,2%)
Mobile phones: 93%
(Austria 163; South Sudan 22,1%; ECA 109%)
Tourism (2016): 121,000
(Albania 4,070K; Bosnia 770,000; Armenia 1,260K, Montenegro 1,662K; Ukraine 13,333K; Mongolia 404,000
ODA % of GNI : 4,1%
(developing countries 0,4; SSA 2,7%, ECA 0,7%)

12. PERCEPTION OF WELL-BEING
MOLDOVA
Life satisfaction : 5,3
Latina America & C. 6,1; South Asia 4,2; ECA 5,4 – Finland 7,7
Burundi, Afghanistan, South Sudan <3
Standard of living 56%
ECA 60; Norway, Denmark 95; South Asia 74 Afghanistan 19
Feeling safe:
male 50% (Finland 98%; Afghan. 24% OECD 76% ECA 71%
female 35% (Switzerland 87%; Afghan.15%; ECA 59%; Liberia 34%; S.S. Africa 49; Lat Am C 32 (lowest)
Trust in government (2012-17) 13%
ECA 55; Brazil 17; Ukraine 11; Bosnia 13; Greece 14; Salvador 27; L.A.C 27; Albania 46; Rwanda 98,
Switzerland 82; OECD 42
MOLDOVA: women feel very unsafe
(?? ? - low homicide rate, but high violence by intimate partner)
Latin America M/F most satisfied but most unsafe and lowest trust in Government

13. QUALITY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
MOLDOVA
Health: better than average
physicians 32/10,000 hosp. beds 62/10,000
Education: students assessment low
Standard of living: Rural electricity 100%
World : Large gaps
Pupil/teacher ratio: Norway 9; Central African Republic 83 ECA 18 (MOLDOVA 17)
Hosp. beds 0/0,000: Japan 137; Mali 1 ECA 51
Physicians 0/0,000: Cuba 75; Tanzania, Ethiopia, Liberia, Niger 0,2 – SSA 1,9- ECA 24,7

14. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
MOLDOVA
Fossil fuels 88,7 % Sweden 26; Russia 90 ECA 87,2
Renewables 14 % India 45%; China 2,6 ECA 9,1
Emissions tonnes p/c CO2: 1,4 Qatar 45; USA 16; Brazil 2,5; China7,5, Russia 11,9; ECA 5,1
Mortality by air pollution: 78/00000 Finland 7,2; Nigeria 307 ECA 66,5
Mortality by water pollution: 0,1/00000 New Zealand 0,1 Chad 101 ECA 0,5
Forest area, change 1990-2015 : +28,2 % Togo -72% Iceland +205% ECA +8,3%

15. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
MOLDOVA
Adjusted net savings %GNI : 13,8 (Nepal 32; Angola -58; ECA 8,5)
Skilled labor Force %: 60,7 (Japan 99,9; Burkina F. 4%; ECA 71%)
R & D % GDP: 0,4 (Korea 4,2 ; Albania 0,2; Romania 0,5; Ukraine 3,2 ECA 0,8)
Military exp. % GDP: 0,4 (Saudi A. 10,8 Albania 1,3 Ukraine 4 ECA 2)
Educ.+health/milit. exp: 51,4 (Mauritius 58; Azerbaijan 1,8, Albania 8,8 ;South Sudan 0,4 ; ECA 4,5)
Income quintile ratio annual av.ge change (2005-2017): -3,8% (Bolivia -5,4 ;Benin 13,3; Albania -1,8)

16. Necessary to achieve SDGs for human development
Leave no one behind
For MOLDOVA, especially important goals:
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all
10. Reduce inequalities within and among countries
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for SD, provide access to justice for all
and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
For our common future, we must eradicate poverty and hunger, reduce inequalities
and implement effective climate action.

17. The Millenium Film Festival
at the crossroad of art and civic engagement for SDGs

18. “I am one of those who think and say that it is possible to destroy
extreme poverty. Mark you, gentlemen, I am not saying ‘reduce’,
‘lessen’, ‘limit’, ‘control’, I said destroy. Poverty is a disease of society
such as leprosy was a disease of the human body, and can be eliminated
just as leprosy has disappeared. Yes, it is possible. Legislators and
policymakers must think about it constantly, for as long as the possible
is not done, our duty will never be fulfilled.”
Victor Hugo, 1849